Miami University Centripetal Force and Speed Lab Report

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Miami University

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Centripetal Force Name: Group Members (if any): Instructions: The force which pulls an object toward the center of a circle is called centripetal force. How much centripetal force nee to be exerted to cause an object to move in a circle? Your experience should tell you that the amount of centripetal for that you need to exert depends on the mass of the object you are whirling, how fast you are whirling it and the radius o the circle. We will use an apparatus similar to the one pictured below to measure the effect of speed on centripetal force. You can hold the mass constant during a set of trials by always whirling the same object. You can keep the radius of the circle constant (with a little practice) by keeping the upper paper clip a fixed distance below the tube while whirling the objec Outcomes: 1. The student will analyze the relationship between the speed of an object in uniform circular motion (UCM) and the centripetal on the object. 2. The student will explain the relationship between centripetal speed and centripetal force using graphical analysis. Materials: 1 Meter Stick 1 Digital Timer 1 Centripetal Force Apparatus - String - Bag of Washers - Glass Tube - Paper Clip - Cork Stopper 1 Camera or phone to take a selfie with your setup. Safety Points: 1. Small parts are involved, keep them from small children or animals. 2. Don't leave them scattered on the floor, trip hazard. 3. Be aware of your surroundings, make sure the space is clear for the apparatus to swing. 4. Be cautious as the tube is glass and can break resulting in sharp edges. Procedure: 1. Place 4 washers on the bottom clip of the apparatus. This part of the apparatus hangs straight down, and the weight of the wa centripetal force. 2. Practice whirling the stopper until you can keep the upper clip a short distance below the bottom of the tube while the stopper If the clip touches the bottom of the tube, the weights are no longer supplying the centripetal force. If the clip rises or f the stopper whirls, the radius of the circle is changing. Practice! 3. Measure the radius of your circle; record the value in your data table. 4. Use a stop watch to measure the time taken for a 30 revolutions Record your data. 5. Change the number of washers on the bottom clip (centripetal force) and repeat step 3. Repeat for several different weights. each trial. If you get a data validation error, you have made a mistake. Check units or your calculation and try again. 6. Change the position of the upper clip to change the radius of the circle. Repeat the experiment for this radius. Be sure to indic 7. You must also take a selfie of you with your setup to make the measurements. Your face must be visible in the pictu Data & Calculations: Trial 1: Radius = # of Washers Time for 30 revolutions (s) m Time for 1 revolutions (s) Linear Speed (m/s) Linear Speed^2 (m/s)^2 Linear Speed (m/s) Linear Speed^2 (m/s)^2 4 8 12 16 20 Trial 2: Radius = # of Washers m Time for 30 revolutions (s) Time for 1 revolutions (s) 4 8 12 16 20 1. Calculate the period of revolution, T (the time to go around once) for each trial. Explain how you did that. 2. Calculate the linear speed, v, of the stopper for each trial. Record in above table. Explain how you did that. 3. Using a graphing program, create a graph of number of washers (y-axis) versus linear speed (x-axis). Be sure you draw the b 4. Theoretically, the centripetal force should be directly proportional to the square of the speed. To check this, calculate the linea 5. Construct a graph of number of washers versus linear speed^2. Be sure you draw the best smooth curve through your data Analysis: 1. The number of washers represents the centripetal force. Is the graph of centripetal force (# of washers) versus speed a straig 2. What is the relationship between centripetal force and linear speed^2? Explain. 3. Add your selfie below. w much centripetal force needs the amount of centripetal force re whirling it and the radius of on centripetal force. You can keep the radius of the circle tube while whirling the object. otion (UCM) and the centripetal force graphical analysis. down, and the weight of the washers supplies the m of the tube while the stopper whirls. IMPORTANT! etal force. If the clip rises or falls appreciably as at for several different weights. Record the data for ation and try again. t for this radius. Be sure to indicate where the radius ce must be visible in the picture. Insert it at the u did that. you did that. x-axis). Be sure you draw the best smooth curve o check this, calculate the linear speed^2, add this mooth curve through your data points. Paste graph washers) versus speed a straight line or a curve? Name: ____Tianheng Zhang_____ Group Members:__Ruoqi Tan,Yuchen Hu__________ Centripetal Force and Speed Lab The force which pulls an object toward the center of a circle is called centripetal force. How much centripetal force needs to be exerted to cause an object to move in a circle? Your experience should tell you that the amount of centripetal force that you need to exert depends on the mass of the object you are whirling, how fast you are whirling it and the radius of the circle. We will use an apparatus similar to the one pictured below to measure the effect of speed on centripetal force. You can hold the mass constant during a set of trials by always whirling the same object. You can keep the radius of the circle constant (with a little practice) by keeping the upper clip a fixed distance below the tube while whirling the object. Objectives: 1. The student will investigate the relationship between the speed of an object in uniform circular motion (UCM) and the centripetal force on the object. 2. The student will determine the relationship between centripetal speed and centripetal force using graphical analysis. Materials: Centripetal Force Apparatus Meter Stick Washers Stop Watch Procedure: 1. Place 4 washers on the bottom clip of the apparatus. This part of the apparatus hangs straight down, and the weight of the washers supplies the centripetal force. 2. Practice whirling the stopper until you can keep the upper clip a short distance below the bottom of the tube while the stopper whirls. IMPORTANT! If the clip touches the bottom of the tube, the weights are no longer supplying the centripetal force. If the clip rises or falls appreciably as the stopper whirls, the radius of the circle is changing. Practice! 3. Measure the radius of your circle; record the value in your data table. 4. Use a stop watch to measure the time taken for a 30 revolutions Record your data. 5. Change the number of washers on the bottom clip (centripetal force) and repeat step 3. Repeat for several different weights. Record the data for each trial. 6. Change the position of the upper clip to change the radius of the circle. Repeat the experiment for this radius. Be sure to indicate where the radius changes in your data table. Data & Calculations: Trial 1: Radius=____0.734________ m # of Washers Time for 30 revolutions (s) Time for 1 revolution (s) Linear Speed (m/s) Linear Speed2 (m/s) 2 4 24.34 0.811 5.684 32.308 8 21.96 0.732 6.297 39.652 12 17.16 0.572 8.059 64.947 16 15.30 0.51 9.038 81.685 20 14.40 0.48 9.603 92.218 Trial 2: Radius= _____0.556_______ m # of Washers Time for 30 revolutions (s) Time for 1 revolution (s) Linear Speed (m/s) Linear Speed2 (m/s) 2 4 22.93 0.764 4.570 20.887 8 19.55 0.652 5.355 28.679 12 15.20 0.507 6.887 47.430 16 14.23 0.474 7.366 54.264 20 12.41 0.413 8.454 71.477 1. Calculate the period of revolution, T (the time to go around once) for each trial. 2. Calculate the linear speed, v, of the stopper for each trial. Record in above table. 3. Using a graphing program create a graph of number of washers (y axis) versus linear speed (x axis). Be sure you draw the best smooth curve through your data points. 4. Theoretically, the centripetal force should be directly proportional to the square of the speed. To check this, calculate the linear speed2, add this value to your data table for linear speed2. 5. Construct a graph of number of washers versus linear speed2. Be sure you draw the best smooth curve through your data points. 6. Includes graphs in your lab report. Analysis: 1. The number of washers represents the centripetal force. Is the graph of centripetal force (# of washers) versus speed a straight line or a curve? Explain. When the centripetal force changes with the speed, it has the same direction. So the line is on the rise. But because of the centripetal force is proportional to the linear speed 2, it represents a straight line. So the centripetal force versus speed a curve. 2. What is the relationship between centripetal force and linear speed 2? Explain. The centripetal force is directly proportional to the linear speed2. According to the equation F=mv2/r, the centripetal force has a proportion to the square of the speed, to put in another word, when the force increases, the square of the speed increase as same percentage as the force.
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Name: ……………………………………Group members: ………………………………….
Lab Report; Centripetal Force and Speed
The force which pulls an object toward the center of a circle is called centripetal force. How
much centripetal force needs to be exerted to cause an object to move in a circle? Your
experience should tell you that the amount of centripetal force that you need to exert depends on
the mass of the object you are whirling, how fast you are whirling it and the radius of the circle.
We will use an apparatus similar to the one pictured below to measure the effect of speed on
centripetal force. You can hold the mass constant during a set of trials by always whirling the
same object. You can keep the radius of the circle constant (with a little practice) by keeping the
upper clip a fixed distance below the tube while whirling the object.
Objectives:
1. The student will investigate the relationship between the speed of an obj...


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