Description
Assignment: Disorders of the Veins and Arteries
Advanced practice nurses often treat patients with vein and artery disorders such as chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT). While the symptoms of both disorders are noticeable, these symptoms are sometimes mistaken for signs of other conditions, making the disorders difficult to diagnose. Nurses must examine all symptoms and rule out other potential disorders before diagnosing and prescribing treatment for patients. In this Assignment, you explore the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of CVI and DVT.
To Prepare
- Review the section “Diseases of the Veins” (pp. 598-599) in Chapter 23 of the Huether and McCance text. Identify the pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency and deep venous thrombosis. Consider the similarities and differences between these disorders.
- Select a patient factor different from the one you selected in this week’s Discussion: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Think about how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of CVI and DVT. Reflect on how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment of these disorders for a patient based on the factor you selected.
- Review the “Mind Maps—Dementia, Endocarditis, and Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)” media in the Week 2 Learning Resources. Use the examples in the media as a guide to construct two mind maps—one for chronic venous insufficiency and one for venous thrombosis. Consider the epidemiology and clinical presentation of both chronic venous insufficiency and deep venous thrombosis.
To Complete
Write a 2- to 3-page paper that addresses the following:
- Compare the pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency and deep venous thrombosis. Describe how venous thrombosis is different from arterial thrombosis.
- Explain how the patient factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of CVI and DVT. Describe how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment of these disorders for a patient based on the factor you selected.
- Construct two mind maps—one for chronic venous insufficiency and one for deep venous thrombosis. Include the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation, as well as the diagnosis and treatment you explained in your paper.
Explanation & Answer
Attached.
Running head: DISORDERS OF THE VEINS AND ARTERIES
Disorders of the Veins and Arteries
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
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DISORDERS OF THE VEINS AND ARTERIES
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Disorders of the Veins and Arteries
The pathogenesis of CVI is categorized into three mechanisms including obstruction,
reflux, or a combination. The prime players include venous hypertension hemodynamic
elements, inflammation of the walls of the vessel, as well as incompetence in the venous valve
(Santler & Goerge, 2017). Dysfunctional pump process in immobile persons can further
aggravate the mechanisms. Alterations in shear stress play an essential part in the establishment
of vessel wall inflammation. Ordinary shear stress boosts anti-inflammatory effects while low
shear stress or other hemodynamic alterations mainly reflux increases the secretion of a proinflammatory messenger. Hemodynamic changes and venous hypertension link to the secretion
of endothelial vasoactive materials and give rise to the expression of inflammatory mediators,
chemokines, and adhesion molecules as well as injury to the glycocalyx of the endothelium. The
glycolyx, in turn, play a crucial role in the transmission of shear stress and may avert adhesion of
white gore cells. Increased expression of adhesion molecules increases white gore cells adhesion,
accompanied by local inflammatory reactions (Santler, & Goerge, 2017). Likewise, the
infiltration of vessel walls and venous valves by macrophages and monocytes links to adhesion
molecule ICAM-1. In these patients, collagen increases in the walls of the veins while the
amount of laminin and elastin goes lower than normal. Obstruction results from thrombosis, for
instance, deep vein thrombosis, which may eventually link to post-thrombotic syndrome. This
makes it hard for gore to return to the cardiac chamber from the lower limbs resulting in stasis,
which is the collection and pooling of blood in these veins.
On the other hand, “deep vein thrombosis (DVT)” happens when clots forms in one or
more of the deep veins, normally in the lower limbs. The elements that donate to the formation
of thrombus include “h...
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