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Running head: SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

Scientific Revolution in the 15th and 16th Centuries
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Introduction
Scientific revolution refers to the period from 16th to the 17th century where new ideas
and scientific knowledge in areas of biology, astronomy, human physics, chemistry, and others
emerged leading to the rejection of traditional doctrines that prevailed in the previous centuries;
ancient Greece to middle ages. The historical rise of various interventions in the mechanism,
materialism and methodization of natural philosophy as well as the advent of experimentation as
a way of understanding the nature and universe developed the modern success. The modern
science has contributed significantly to the progress that we are experiencing currently either
economically, politically, socially or religiously. It led to a more concise understanding of nature
through the creation of a new world-view by weakening the medieval view of the universe. In
this regard, this paper will explore the rise of the scientific thinking between the fifteenth and
sixteenth century, explore the economic and cultural factors that helped the revolution unfold and
the impact that the revolution has developed in the modern world.
The rise of scientific thinking during the 15th and 16th centuries
The Scientific Revolution, which was a result of drastic changes in scientific thinking,
took place between the 15th and the 17th centuries. This revolution brought about a new
dimension of thinking and view of the world, replacing the Greek view, which had dominated
science for over 2000 years. According to Nnaji, (2013) "During this time, an elite group of
intellectuals gained insight into the natural phenomena by the tentative approach to objective
methods of observing and understanding nature." (p.5). This development included the progress
in diverse fields of modern science such as artistry, anatomy, traveling, navigation, chemistry,
and other progress-oriented disciplines. These disciplines aimed at understanding the nature of

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the world and derive a broader context of the understanding of it. This dynamism saw the
explosion of scientific discoveries and scientific methodologies, which led to diverse inventions
and discoveries. Science became an autonomous discipline which would distinctively develop
from philosophy and technology and built upon utilitarian goals. The emergence and
development of science brought about various changes in perceptions, thinking, and
understanding of natural phenomena. The reason for this is because this period saw the
reeducation of ‘common sense in place of abstract reasoning, the introduction of qualitative view
of occurrences as opposed to the then existing quantitative one and the development of a
machine-like view of the world opposed to the previous organismic view. It also led to the rise of
experimental methods of defining occurrences and seeking answers based on the framework of
different theories as well as the formal scientific reasoning that aimed at answering the question
"how" rather than "why", an aspect that had deeply characterized the Aristotelian quest.
According to Leveille (2011), the scientific revolution emanated from astronomy and
more specifically from the early discussions of Earth's motion developed by Nicolaus
Copernicus, a renowned polish astronomer. He was the first person to propound a heliocentric
theory that predicted the capability of the Ptolemy's geocentric system. Plato's insights
motivated Copernicus leading to the abandoning of the traditional astronomical view since it had
violated the principles of uniform circular motion. It was after this that this view developed
immense resistance from the church who were the main overrides of the ecological and
community systems. It is after this that the realm of physics developed with mechanics being the
very first contribution (Khargonekar, et.al. 2017).
Other intellectuals such as Galileo supported Copernicus's ideas, who contributed
significantly to the science of mechanics and abandoned his traditional impetus physics to

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