evolution of human feet

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nnebaQ

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please write an article about the evolution of human feet. Compared with other primates, humans no longer climb very often, and our feet are far less frequently used than our hands. In this paper, I will study what changes have been made to human feet and what changes they will make in the future. Among them, I am more concerned about whether toes and toenails will become useless tissues in future humans just like appendices, etc. requirement down below.

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2019/6/18 Topic: Paper Topic  This is a graded discussion: 5 points possible due May 19 Paper Topic 9 45 Due on the day of the final exam is a five-page paper (or other creative work) on a topic of your choice, which has to do with evolution or evolutionary science. The goal of this assignment is for you to demonstrate to me that you can take some of the big lessons we cover in this course, and use them to think about things that I didn't explicitly teach you about. See below for details. If you choose to do a paper, the paper must be submitted in the form of .doc, .pdf, or. odt. If you choose to do a paper, it should be about five pages long, double-spaced. Some form of standard citations are required, including a bibliography or works cited list. I do not care what bibliographic format you use, but your citations and bibliography must conform to some standard format: APA, AAA, Chicago 5th, MLA, etc. If you are not familiar with bibliography formats, then take some time to do some research and understand one of the above formats. Requirements for other formats besides papers will vary. After you have posted your topic proposal to this forum, I will approve or disapprove your topic. You won't get points until I have approved your topic! And you won't be able to submit a final paper or project either. Instructions: Here, in one paragraph, describe your project. At minimum, I need to know what kind of work you want to do and what your topic will be. What kind of work can I do? You can do anything you want. Most students write 5-page papers, but I accept works of fiction (prehistoric fiction, speculative fiction, science-fiction, etc.), works of programming, games, poetry, musical works, presentations, works of art, interpretive dance (no one has done this one for ANTH 001 yet), and many other formats. I allow you to select your own format because I want to make room for people whose strengths go beyond writing nonfiction prose. This is not an invitation for you to slack! Choose the format in which you think you will produce the best work. If you're confused, go for a paper. https://deanza.instructure.com/courses/8515/discussion_topics/126419?module_item_id=515045 1/24 2019/6/18 Topic: Paper Topic What can my topic be? Your topic must pertain to evolution or evolutionary science. That is the main thing that I am looking for when I read over your topics. Within the realm of "evolution and evolutionary science" there is a lot you can do. Anything to do with the following topics will work: Nonfiction paper topics: genetics; paleontology; animal or plant husbandry; eugenics; human evolution; human biological variety; human ecology; critical thinking about the implications of evolutionary theory; the evolution of a favorite plant, animal, or fungus species; political questions around evolutionary theory; political questions around genomic technologies; new advances in medicine; evolutionary understandings of race, sex, gender, class . . . Fiction is popular, but also a bit trickier. It can be difficult for some writers to demonstrate an understanding of evolutionary theory over the course of a short story, but I have gotten interesting work about: future scientists reconstructing the evolution of a futuristic animal; speculative natural histories of imaginary planets or times (see Dougal Dixon's After Man or Wayne Barlowe's Expedition to Darwin IV); stories of human evolution across space; and lots of stories about genetic dystopias and utopias. Below are some topics I will not accept: - "The evolution of X," where X is not a living thing, and therefore not actually subject to biological evolution. I do not accept topics like, "the evolution of video games," "the evolution of automobiles," or "the evolution of firearms" because video games, firearms, and automobiles do not evolve -- they are technological artifacts that we make to please us, based on historically specific needs and wants. Exceptions: You may write about stone tools, art, hunting, or anything that might be discussed in the context of the lifestyles of prehistoric humans. - "The evolution of X," where X is an individual person. I do not accept topics like, "the evolution of a football player" or "the evolution of a fashion model," because what you are actually talking about in these papers is better described as, "the training of a football player" or "the development of a fashion model." Individual persons do change, but that change is only evolutionary in a metaphorical sense. Species and populations undergo evolution, not individual persons. Exceptions: You may write the biography of a scientist, naturalist, or other scholar who has contributed to our understanding of evolutionary theory. You may write a biography of other important figures in the history of evolutionary research including non-human figures like Koko, https://deanza.instructure.com/courses/8515/discussion_topics/126419?module_item_id=515045 2/24 2019/6/18 Topic: Paper Topic Kanzi, Lucy, etc. - "The evolution of X," where X is an idea. I do not accept topics like, "the evolution of liberalism in the US" nor "the evolution of corporate structure" because these are ideas or social constructs that do not undergo evolutionary processes. Instead they are subject to historically specific needs and wants among humans. Exceptions: You may write about how certain scientific, philosophical, political ideas have impacted understandings of evolution, or visa versa. If you are writing a paper, please take a minute to consider whether or not your topic can be handled in a satisfactory way in a paper of five or fewer pages. Please remember, I read a lot of these! If you are having a hard time deciding what to write about, see what other students are doing . . . Search entries or author Unread    Subscribed  Reply (https:// Danny Nguyen  (https://deanza.instructure.com/courses/8515/users/9066) Apr 5, 2019 Hello Dr. Solomon, I have a topic in mind: "Selfish Gene" it is based on a really good book which talks about the evolution of humanity. Human changes form overtime to preserve genetics. Hence, the selfish gene!  Reply  https://deanza.instructure.com/courses/8515/discussion_topics/126419?module_item_id=515045 3/24
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Hello pal, Work completed as agreed. Have a look at it and let me know if there are any revisions or clarifications that you might need. It was a pleasure working with you. Thanks, Smithwiliams.

Surname 1
Name
Professor
Title
Date
Evolution of the Human Foot
Introduction
The foot has long been a significant object of locomotion across all primates. The
human foot, in particular, plays a dual role during movement whereby it acts as a rigid lever
and a mobile structure. However, various studies show that the functions of the human foot
have been diminishing gradually over time as humans evolve. In the past, possibly a million
years ago the human foot had many roles, from primarily being a grasping organ and walking
to crimping, according to Holowka and Lieberman, (10). The study shows that bipedalism
anatomical changes were the leading cause for adjustments of the role of the human foot. The
gradual process of transition to bipedalism throughout the evolutional tree forced most of the
features of the human foot to evolve to adopt the new structural role
The study by Young, (171), presents paleontological evidence that the human hand
has developed undergoing adaptations of grasping referred to as throwing and clubbing a role
that was also played by the human foot.
Contrary to the increasing usage of hands in grasping, the human feet are less
frequently being used to serve its function? A more significant percentage of people spend
most of their time seated and sleeping therefore rarely have time to walk (Klein and Richard,
279). Modern people don’t need to run and walk distances to get food. Also, technology has
made locomotion easier, modernizing means of transport. This research investigates how the

Surname 2
human foot has become less used than our hands. It features what changes have been made to
the human feet and what changes will be made in the future. The evolution of the human foot
comes with unanswered questions as some structures are considered to lose value with time.
The toes and the toenails have become less significant, and the researcher questions whether
they will be vital in the future. Additionally, the paper reviews the impact of modern and
future technology to the evolution of the human foot.
Body
The research by justifies that the human foot has been evolving throughout ...