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Lab-5 Sampling with gas meters with PID Units 11 and 13 Textbook pages 11-5 and 13-4 Overview This Lab follows Units 11 and 13. The exercise is designed to provide basic knowledge of methods for evaluation airborne gases combustible gasses and VOC’s. This Lab aims to provide hands on experience with direct reading instruments – gas meters and PID’s. Also, this lab is using a basic strategy for sampling of air content for combustible flammable and toxic gasses. Learning Goals Understanding of direct reading methods for content quantification and identification of toxic and flammable gasses. Understanding of physical principle of detection with PID as well as the limitations of method for gas identification. Understanding the meaning of Ionization Potential (IP) the fact that is specific for different types of molecules. Understanding of process of Ionization using photons as a source of energy. Understanding of correlation of the Ionization energy and types of molecules going under ionization. Understanding of the lack of selectivity to ionize for all types of chemical that have lower IP than the energy provided by the source. Understanding strategy to combine methods to identify gasses detected by PID. Understanding of the importance of monitoring of CO, LEL, H2S and O2 levels. Purpose Tasks The purpose of this lab is educational, to develop understanding and technical skills. More particularly this lab is for area sampling, detection, identification and level evaluation of VOC’s in the air using direct reading instrument gas meters and PID’s supplemented by identification using detector tubes. Prepare a floor plan and check list for the required materials and instruments, the list in the textbook can be used. In the check list include all important information about the instruments you are to use, including field calibration information using isobutylene and carbohydrates free air. In the check list include all important information about the instruments you are to use. Use the form provided to add the calibration information. Add information from the walkthrough and suspected contaminants i.e. chemical containers. Use a grid on the floor plan or mark points of interest and measure the levels of total VOC’s using a PID. Note that the readings cannot be steady (constant) and will very. Record the highest and lowest readings or just the average. Apply strategy to find sources i.e. spills and mark them on the floor plan with corresponding levels. Use the form to describe the locations with corresponding levels measured. Use proper methodology to identify the chemicals at all spills spots found. Report Prepared individually and submitted individually on Blackboard. The report should include the floor plan and all needed forms and data for calibration. Also, should describe the strategy for evaluation of the area and locating the spills. Located spills should be described also as what are the chemicals after conformation of presence using detector tubes. Corresponding IP’s of chemicals should be compared with the provided energy of the PID instrument to confirm that are detectable by this instrument. Proper references are very important (suggested source niosh pocket guide). For the quantified and identified chemical levels should be matched to the allowed STEL’s and REL’s. Lab-5 Unt’s 11;13 Question sheet: Sampling with gas meters and PID Textbook pages 11-5 and 13-4 1 What PID stands for 2 The ionizing source emits in what part of the EM spectrum 3 Does PID count O2 and N2 - why 4 Does the PID identify the chemicals in the air 5 How you can check what possible gas types (molecules) will get counted with a given unit? 6 What is the unit of measurement of energy when we talk about ionization 7 If a molecule has IP of 12 eV does my instrument count it if the lamp is 10.6 eV 8 If we need to count (detect) particles with higher than 10.6 eV what method we might use 9 When we use a PID and we know the exact chemical do we have to apply correction to the reading 10 What is the gas that is a standard for calibration of a PID Lab-6 Unit 25 Ventilation, Duct and Face Velocity Textbook page 25-5 and 25-7 Report Abstract report prepared individually and submitted individually on Blackboard. Overview This Lab follows Unit 25 Exercise page 25-5 and Exercise 25-7 with some additions described in this document. The exercise is designed to provide basic knowledge of methods for evaluation of effectiveness of ventilation system Learning Goals Understanding how to evaluate exhaust or ventilation systems where it is not possible to capture the whole amount of processed air to measure the volume. Understand the correlation between velocity, face velocity and volume of air processed using the flow rate (volume can be expressed as area and distance, then distance and time would provide velocity, flow rate and time on the other hand would give total volume). Understand physical principal of measuring air velocity (effect on air in motion on other measurable physical quantities like pressure and temperature). Purpose Tasks The main purpose of this lab is educational, to develop understanding and technical skills. More particularly this lab is for using air velocity detection instruments to evaluate flow rate and effectiveness of a model ventilation system. Using thermal velometer the intake and outlet of the system must be measured as flowrate. Note that the velocity will not read as a steady number but fluctuating. Proper averaging or suing the averaging of the instrument should be used to record the readings. Proper technique of measuring of each opening should be used and area calculated (measure diameter of a round opening rather than radius and carefully convert to required units i.e. sqr ft). The form provided should be filled with chart of each opening and number of sections used to divide then average to calculate face velocity. Check of the measured and calculated flow rates should be performed to compare with when using the feature of the velometer to directly measure flow rate in cubic feet per minute. The ventilation systems should be checked for leaks by comparing the inlet flow with the outlet. Report Abstract report prepared individually and submitted individually on Bb at the corresponding reporting field. The report should clearly explain the process of using a velometer and area measurements to find face velocity. A chart of the vent system and openings with section used to divide the area should be provided in the field forms. All calculations should be clearly reported and errors explained i.e. 6-inch diameter opening with area of hundreds if square feet. The corresponding flow rates of the intake and the outlet should be then compared and analyzed for possible causes of discrepancy (the system should have the amount of intake same as the moved out). At least one of the flowrates for either opening should be also compared to the flow rate measured using the feature of the instrument to directly measure flow rate in cubic feet per minute, then discrepancy analyzed. Lab-6 Question sheet: Ventilation, Duct and Face Velocity Unit 25 Textbook page 25-5 and 25-7 1 Ventilation is what type of control? 2 Explain reasons to evaluate ventilations systems and exactly what we need to measure in order to do that: 3 Can we attach an air pump calibrator to a vent system and measure the flow rate, explain: 4 Demonstrate how the flow rate is determined by the area and velocity of the air, show work 5 What actual physical quantities we measure to find the velocity of air? 6 What determines the difference of velocity at different points of an air hood opening? 7 How do we find the face velocity of an opening 8 What is the standard unit for air velocity pressure and corresponding flow rate of a vent system: 9 What is capture velocity (see the textbook)? 10 In a non leaking vent system, how increase of the area will affect the speed for the same flow rate? Lab-7 Questions sheet: Selection of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Unit 26 Textbook page 26-1 1 Why in working environment waring a respirator may be considered a hazard? 2 What do we mean by qualitative evaluation of a respirator? 3 Can we use a lab unit or sample to fit test a worker and why? 4 Can we use a HEPA filter to protect from hazardous gasses and why? 5 What materials are used cartridges to capture and protect from gasses? 6 Why a cartridge for gasses cannot be used “forever”? 7 What is the difference between sorbent tubes and cartridges to allow sufficient volume of air for breathing? 8 Explain briefly the principle of aerosol based instruments for quantitative fit testing: 9 What it means if we measure more air volume at the exhale valve compare to intake? 10 What it means we measure PF
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