University of California - Irvine What Is Utilitarianism Discussion Post

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nyrk9770

Humanities

University of California - Irvine

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12:00 9 ..11 4G G 4 Back Discussion Details Samuel Kelso Group 2 QutstiUNISTUI THIS DISCUSSIVIITUI • What is utilitarianism? Why is this proposal a form of consequentialism? • How is utilitarianism different from straightforwardhedonism? What does utilitarianism mean by the hedonic calculus? • Why do consequentialist views like utilitarianism entail that any action can be morally permissible in the right circumstances? • What is retributivism? Why might a utilitarian argue that punishments should avoid, where possible, harming the offender? What, instead, would the point of punishment be for the utilitarian? • Why might a utilitarian hold that they are not under any general moral obligation to keep their promises? If true, why might that make utilitarianism self-defeating? • Why does utilitarianism seem to have a problem accounting for friendship, and in particular the special obligations that we seem to have to our friends? Do they? • What is the distinction between ruleand act utilitarianism? How does rule utilitarianism avoid some of the problems facing utilitarianism? What problems facing the view does it not deal with? . Dashboard Calendar To Do Notifications Inbox 12:00 9 ..11 4G G 4 Back Discussion Details Samuel Kelso Group 2 • How might rule utilitarianisms accommodate the notion of rights(and why might act utilitarianism struggle to accommodate this notion)? Does it capture why we believe that human beings have certain fundamental rights? • What is deontologism, and how is it different from consequentialism? • What does Kant mean when he says that all human beings should be treated as ends in themselves, and not means to an end? • Why does Kant think that what grounds our special moral status—what ensures our dignity as persons—is our capacity for autonomy? • Explain how a Kantian ethic and a utilitarian ethic would respond in different ways to the moral difficulty posed by slavery. • How, for Kant, does our autonomy manifest itself in terms of both a positiveand a negativefreedom? What does Kant mean by this? • Why is lying always wrong, according to Kant? In particular, how does this claim follow from the main theses of a Kantian ethic? Is such a view sustainable? • Why is it important, according to a = Dashboard Calendar To Do Notifications Inbox 12:00 9 ..11 4G G 4 Back Discussion Details Samuel Kelso Group 2 • Why is it important, according to a Kantian ethic, that one acts out of dutyand not merely in accordance with it? How is this different to a utilitarian ethic? • What is Kant's categoricalimperative? What’s categorical (rather than hypothetical) about it? • What is the golden rule, and how does it differ from Kant's categorical imperative? • What does Kant mean when he says that requirements of morality are also requirements of rationality? • What is eudaimonia? What are the virtues? On the Aristotelian view, what role is the latter meant to play in the former? • How might we distinguish between morality and ethics? Why might this distinction be important to understanding an Aristotelian virtue ethic? • Why are emotions important to the motivation of action on the Aristotelian view? How is this different from the Kantian claim that one should act out of duty and not merely accordance with it? • What does Aristotle mean when he says that our emotions are not first nature, but they feel as such because they are second nature? Why does it follow that Dashboard Calendar To Do Notifications Inbox 12:00 9 ..11 4G G 4 Back Discussion Details Samuel Kelso Group 2 • What does Aristotle mean when he says that our emotions are not first nature, but they feel as such because they are second nature? Why does it follow that we can train-up our emotional responses in the development of virtue? • How do one's virtues reflect one's fundamental values? Give some examples to illustrate your points. • How do virtues differ from mere skills? How are these differences meant to account for the final value of the virtues? • According to a Kantian ethic, morally good actions arise out of the right principles, while for a utilitarian ethic morally good actions have the right consequences. What does an Aristotelian ethic claim, and how does it differ from these two proposals? • What is the golden mean, and how does it enable us to identify a virtue? • Is it a problem for an Aristotelian ethic that it doesn't offer much in the way of concrete practical moral guidance (in the way that a Kantian or utilitarian ethics does)? Reply = Dashboard Calendar To Do Notifications Inbox
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How do one’s virtues reflect one's fundamental values? Give some examples to illustrate
your points.
Virtues are the lived values. They are values, only that they are portrayed through action
and words on a daily basis. Put simply, virtues are values in action. In contrast, values are
aspirations that people hold high, but they do not necessarily put them into action on a regular
basis. They are mere ethical goals or ideals th...


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