Health Economics Discussion – Wk 11 "Course Takeaway" Please respond to the following: Reflect upon three (3) aspects of the course that resonated for you. Describe the manner in which you have grown personally and professionally as a result of completing this course.From the e-Activity, compare and contrast the primary economic issues and policies both the Republican and Democrat parties address concerning the U.S. healthcare delivery system overall. Provide at least one (1) example of an economic and / or policy issue to support your response.E-activity: Use the Internet to research the U.S. health economics from the government point of view. Be prepared to discuss. ***This is a discussion, NOT a paper. Need 2 strong paragraphs and 1 reference. No plagiarism!***

To answer this week's discussion questions will require that you read three articles on dual processing theory and reducing diagnostic errors. You are expected to apply the course readings mentioned below (these can be found in the Week 4 Assigned readings) YOU WILL NOT BE ABLE TO ANSWER THIS WEEK'S DISCUSSION QUESTION WITHOUT READING THE ASSIGNED ARTICLES, See the questions outlined below. TWO PEER RESPONSES ARE REQUIRED THIS WEEK  Djulbegovic et al. (2012) Monteiro et al., (2019) Pierret (2016  Tsalatsanis et al., (2015) Case: 1:  Chief Complaint: “Pain in Right Side” A 40-year-old man presents to his primary care provider (PCP) with right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain for 2 days. The pain is described as “sore” and rated 4 on 1 to 10 pain scale. The pain is intermittent and not worsening. He reports food does not seem to make it better or worse. No nausea or vomiting or diarrhea or constipation are reported.  Vital signs: heart rate, 75; blood pressure, 122/78; respiration rate, 15; afebrile.  Examination: No acute distress. Abdomen: mildly tender on palpation at RUQ; no masses, hepatomegaly or splenomegaly.  Diagnosis: Gallbladder disease.  Plan: Abdominal ultrasound with reflexive cholescintigraphy (hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid) scan within 1 week. Patient instructed to call provider if worsening symptoms occur. He is also told to avoid any fatty foods or alcohol consumption. The patient is agreeable to plan.  Follow-up: Two days after the initial visit, the patient calls his PCP with worsening RUQ pain. Ultrasound imaging was scheduled for later that day. Patient then started having shortness of breath while at home and went to the local emergency department (ED). Computed tomography angiography of the chest revealed a right-sided pulmonary embolism. Patient did not have any family history of clotting disorders and no recent surgery, immobilization, or travel. Patient had been on testosterone injections for several years for low testosterone levels, and this was not updated in his medical record at his PC Case 2 Chief Complaint: “Fever and Sleepy” A 3-year-old girl presents with her mother to a walk-in clinic with fever, nasal drainage, and fatigue for 2 days. She was observed hiding her head into her mother’s chest during the examination.  Presentation occurred during flu season. The clinician had 6 positive flu tests that day, all with similar symptoms, but most including a cough.  Vital signs: heart rate, 125; respiration rate, 20; blood pressure, 100/72; temperature, 100.8F.  Examination: Lungs clear, heart rate regular, no murmur. Head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat: normocephalic, conjunctivae clear, tympanic membrane without bulging or redness, pharynx normal, nares normal with clear drainage, tonsils 1þ, no erythema or exudate. Patient did not want to look at the clinician in a brightly lit room. The patient was lethargic and had limited tearing when crying. Rapid flu test: Negative.  Diagnosis: Presumptive seasonal influenza.  Plan: Supportive care, including encouraging fluids, Over the counter acetaminophen for fever, and age-appropriate antiviral medication for the flu was prescribed.  Follow-up: Parents were unable to keep her fever down over the next 1 day, and she progressively became more lethargic. Patient was taken to the ED, and a diagnosis of viral meningitis and dehydration was made. Patient spent several days in the hospital, but did completely recover. Describe the Dual Process Theory and Reasoning Process and how it applies to making decisions for the advanced practice nurse.  What are cognitive dispositions to respond? How are these applied in the APN setting.  Describe cognitive debiasing? Describe how Type 1 (System 1) and Type 2 (System 2) processes and strategies can be applied to each case to help the NP make decisions and to decrease potential diagnostic error?  What considerations for change to practice should the NP consider in each situation as a way to decrease the chance of future diagnostic and care decisions. 

As a public health leader, it is important to understand your own personal mission, vision, and values statement. Your leadership philosophy and style will be reflected to those you work with. Use the bullets below to develop your leadership philosophy: Identify three examples of personal success (e.g., at work, in your community, at home). Is there a pattern or theme to your successes? Develop a list of five core values that you believe in. Which value is most important to you? How do you want to make a difference? How do you contribute to your employer, your family, and/or the world? What are your short- and long-term goals? Prioritize them. Write your mission, vision, and values statement (can be placed either in the body of the paper or in the Appendix section). In your conclusion paragraph, describe the process of writing this mission statement. Did you learn anything new about yourself? How can you use this mission statement in the future?