Ms. Betty Davis
Instructor
1
PHRASES FORMULAS
A Phrase
is two or more words (i.e., a group of words) placed together will form to make a phrase. A phrase is
only a part of a sentence. It is a fragment because it cannot stand alone as a complete sentence.
Phrases represent various parts of speech. The Simple Phrases and the Verbal Phrases are
two specific types of phrases categories.
SIMPLE PHRASES FORMULAS:
1. Noun Phrase
Formula: Adjective(s) + Noun or Pronoun
Formula: [noun (s) + noun] or [pronoun (s) + noun] (**This pattern occurs sometimes, not all of the time.)
Part of Speech: Noun
Function: Subject, direct object following an action verb/a preposition, indirect object following an action verb,
or subject complement following a linking verb
Examples: His purple brother ate the cake with the blue and green icing. The blue frog gave his mother worms.
The frog is her sister’s boyfriend.
2. VERB PHRASE
Formula: Helping verb(s) + Main verb (i.e., action or linking verb)
Part of Speech: verb
Function: shows action of the subject or a linking verb connecting an adjective/noun back to the subject
Example: Sir Ian McKellan has written a play.
Sir Ian McKellan should have written a play.
Patrick was eating the green cake with the blue icing. Sir Ian McKellan must have been the director.
Note: Sometimes an adverb will separate the helping verb and the main verb: i.e., The frog will not eat red bugs.
3. PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE
Formula: Preposition + Direct Object (i.e., noun, noun phrase, pronoun, or gerund phrase)
Part of Speech: Adverb or Adjective
Function: can modify a verb/ an adjective/ an adverb: use one of the rules below to determine the part of
speech and the function for a prepositional phrase.
Rules: 1) The prepositional phrase will function as an adjective if it follows a noun or pronoun. Therefore,
it will describe that noun or pronoun.
2) The prepositional phrase will function as an adverb if a prepositional phrase follows a verb,
adjective, or adverb. Therefore, it will modify that verb, adjective, or adverb.
3) The prepositional phrase will function as an adverb if a prepositional phrase comes at the
beginning of the sentence. Therefore, it will modify the verb in the sentence.
Example: Steven went to the store around the corner.
(as a adverb) (as a adjective)
Susan ran quickly around the corner.
(as an adverb)
Above the clouds, the doves soared gracefully to the music.
(as an adverb: modifying the verb: soared)
Ms. Betty Davis
Instructor
2
VERBAL PHRASES FORMULAS
Verbal phrases are words that look like verbs, but they do not function as true verbs. They function as
nouns, adverbs, or adjectives. Like the simple phrases, they are only a part of a sentence because
they are fragments and cannot stand alone. Verbal phrases represent various parts of speech. There
are three types of verbal phrases: see explanations below.
1. GERUND PHRASE
Formula: Verb ending with “ing” + noun, noun phrase, pronoun, prepositional phrase, infinitive phrase, adverb, or
adjective.
Part of Speech: Noun
Function: Subject, direct object following an action verb/a preposition, indirect object following an action verb, or
subject complement following a linking verb.
Placement: Gerund phrases cannot be removed from the sentences; they are an essential part of the sentence.
Example: Eating five fuzzy cakes can cause a serious illness.
He wants more money for building the house.
(subject of sentence)
(direct object of
the preposition)
Three purple girls and the green boy love eating the fuzzy orange cakes.
(direct object of the verb: love)
2. PARTICIPIAL PHRASE
Formula: 1) Present participial phrase: Verb ending with “ing” +noun, noun phrase, pronoun, prep. phrase,
infinitive phrase, adverb, adjective, or past participial phrase.
2) Past participial phrase:
Verb ending with “ed/en/t/” + noun, noun phrase, pronoun, prep. phrase,
infinitive phrase, adverb, or adjective.
Part of Speech: Adjective
Placement: It can be removed from the sentence. It must be placed before or after the noun/pronoun it
describes. This will avoid making dangling or misplaced modifiers errors.
Function: It will describe the noun/ pronoun it precedes or the noun/ pronoun it follows.
Example: Eating the fuzzy cake, the little dog ran to the boy. The little dog eating the fuzzy cake ran to the boy.
(Present Part. phrase)
Frozen solid, the penguins proved to be a major problem for the hungry polar bears.
(Past part. phrase)
3. INFINITIVE PHRASE
Formula: To + Verb+ noun, noun phrase, pronoun, gerund phrase, adverb, adjective, prepositional phrase, verb,
or infinitive phrase.
Parts of Speech: Noun, Adverb, or Adjective
Function: subject, direct object following an action verb, subject complement following a linking verb, modifies
a verb/adverb/adjective, or describes a noun/pronoun/ noun phrase.
Examples:
To read the newspaper became Bobby’s primary goal.
(as a noun: subject)
(Infinitives used as nouns cannot be removed)
The athlete to win the award is standing near the door.
(as an Adjective: describes which athlete)
(It can be removed)
The frogs love to eat yellow bugs.
(as a noun: direct object of love) (cannot be removed)
Bobby went to the library to read the newspaper.
(as an Adverb: modifying the verb, went)
(when used as adverbs, it can be removed)
(used as adverbs, it can be removed)
To read the newspaper, Bobby needs glasses.
(as an Adverb: modifying the verb, needs)
(used as adverbs, it can be removed)
Complete This Chart for Home work,
Due tomorrow
Lantisodiy
adjective
djective
Adjective
adjective
noun
adjective
noun
helping
main verb (actions
Homework (ove: Tommon
Simple Phrases
frogs were laughing at the funing
the funing bedtime Story.
Type of phrase | Part of speech function in this sentence
green
Three
Phrase
(Tuesday)
+
1
① Complete the simple
Phrases Chart
A Copy the sentence and
the chart before you leave
today.
to class tomorrow (Tuesday).
2 The simple Phrases formula Handows
B Bring this completed chart
is still on CANVAS.
③ The Ulysses" poem Assignmen
(A Find information about this
Poem's Author: Alfred Tennyson
Keep this information in your note book
Read the 'Ulysses" poem. Write
notes about the poem to help
you understand the poem's meaning.
Denet Rameve
foto 2
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