CRJ499 Strayer University America Immigration System Paper

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Week 3 Assignment 1: Identifying the Challenge Week 3 Assignment 1: Identifying the Challenge of Homeland Security/U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Deborah Stovall CRJ Capstone in Criminal Justice Criminal Justice Organizations Professor Tretha Harris July 20, 2019 Week 3 Assignment 1: Identifying the Challenge 2 Identifying the Challenge of Immigration I am identifying the challenge of immigration. Homeland Security/U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and the U.S. immigration policy as a challenge. The United States has an immigration policy problem not an immigrant problem. This immigration policy problem isn’t new it has origins back to 1882 when the United States Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, meant to exclude ethic Chinese Laborers and to slow the number of Chinese immigrants coming into the United States for ten years. The fear that large scale Chinese immigration would occur never happened and this act was eventually repealed in 1943 because it violated civil rights of the Chinese. Since that time several attempts to address this immigration challenge have occurred, the Immigration Act of 1917, the 1921 Emergency Quota Act, the Immigration Act of 1924, the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 and then the Immigration and Nationality Act Amendments of 1965 and in 1990 the Immigration Act of 1990 all of which only address some aspects of immigration but never the systemic problem of how to welcome people from other countries to America. The immigration policy to date all seemed to address not allowing particular races of people when it was deemed there were too many arriving, too many Asian, too many immigrants from India, too many Haitian or Africans, too many Hispanic or Mexican. Never really addressing the core issues of how to manage the number of non-U.S. citizens here already or attempting to migrate here. For example, those who have work or school Visas that have expired, those who are moving through the process but have met with complications, those who are seeking asylum, those who are considered Dreamers and of course those who come here illegally. At its core the immigration policy discussion has become increasingly more and more challenging and to me to be more about restricting entry of a Week 3 Assignment 1: Identifying the Challenge 3 particular race and not about managing the population of immigrants in a manner that is productive and viable for all. The great John McCain and Ted Kennedy devised a bipartisan comprehensive immigration reform proposal named the Secure American and Orderly Immigration Act which would incorporate legalization of immigrants current and those seeking entry, guest worker programs, and enhanced border security to deal with those who choose to enter illegally, this bill was never voted on in the Senate perhaps it didn’t go far enough to exclude certain immigrants? Maybe we need to define what an immigrant is…? The terms “asylum seeker,” “immigrant,” “migrant,” and “refugee” are often used interchangeably, the differences between the four, however, are critically important to understand why people migrate. (Why does the U.S. Need Immigration Reform?, 2019) 1. “Refugees” are people living outside of the United States who were “forced to flee [their] home because of war, violence, or persecution, often without warning.” 2. “Asylum seekers” are people who are “seeking international protection from dangers in [their] home country, but whose claim for refugee status hasn’t been determined legally.” People seeking asylum are applying inside the United States. Whether a person is seeking asylum or status as a refugee, they must meet the same challenging burden of proof. They must demonstrate “a well-founded fear of persecution” on the basis of race, religion, national origin, political opinion, or member of a social group. 3. “Migrants” are people who are “moving from place to place (within [their] country or across borders), usually for economic reasons such as seasonal work.” 4. “Immigrants” are people who have made “a conscious decision to leave his or her home and move to a foreign country with the intention of settling there.” Week 3 Assignment 1: Identifying the Challenge 4 Why is resolving the problem of immigration so important? Immigration is integral to the nation’s economic growth, as the U.S. workforce is getting older the arrival of tax-paying, job-creating, and business-starting newcomers is an economic necessity. While there is little evidence that immigration significantly affects the overall employment levels of native-born workers many U.S. citizens prescribe to the idea that immigrants take away jobs for U.S. citizens. Immigrants are people who are seeking to come to the United States because of poverty, crime, unspeakable violence and unrest in their home countries. What would you do to save yourself and your family? I know what I would do…I would do whatever it takes to keep my babies and my family safe. We should ask ourselves how as Americans do we want to be defined in history when comes to immigration? As U.S. citizens I believe we are all impacted internally due to the uneasiness, confusion and uncertainty of our nations policies towards immigrants and then to our neighbors, family and friends whose status in America is uncertain. Undefined immigration policies negatively impact the economy externally when migrants are not allowed to travel freely between countries to work or buy goods. The problem of immigration has not been resolved in my opinion because those responsible for working this policy through have forgotten the why of the immigration policy…the people. The people are not being considered in the equation leaving only tribalism, fear, demonization and money as the hurdles preventing any comprehensive immigration policy. The policy makers seemed more concerned with how the immigration policy will benefit or hurt their constituents instead focusing on how to create a comprehensive plan to resolve the immigration dilemma. Week 3 Assignment 1: Identifying the Challenge 5 References Abigail Hauslohner, N. M. (2019, July 14). As Immigrant Families wait in Dread, no sign of large-scale enforcement raids. Retrieved from The Washington Post: https://www.washingtonpost.com/immigration/as-immigrant-families-wait-in-dread-no-sign-oflarge-scale-enforcement-raids/2019/07/14/ff29326a-a644-11e9-86ddd7f0e60391e9_story.html?utm_term=.2bca5bd8b6cf Editors, H. (2018, December). U.S. Immigration Timeline. Retrieved from History: https://www.history.com/topics/immigration/immigration-united-states-timeline History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States. (2019, April 9). Retrieved from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_laws_concerning_immigration_and_naturalization_in_ the_United_States Kristen A. LIttle, J. L. (2016). Global Issues An Introduction . John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Why does the U.S. Need Immigration Reform? (2019, 5). Retrieved from Open Society Foundations: https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/explainers/why-does-us-need-immigration-reform Week 4 Assignment 2: Internal and External Stakeholders Week 4 Assignment 2 Internal and External Stakeholders Deborah Stovall CRJ499 Capstone in Criminal Justice Criminal Justice Organizations Professor Tretha Harris July 29, 2019 Week 4 Assignment 2: Internal and External Stakeholders 2 Internal and External Stakeholders Immigration particularly the Immigration Policy of the United States is my identified challenge, how does the United States implement a policy which fulfills one of the country’s most honorable missions to secure America's promise of being a nation of immigrants by uniting families, providing refuge, fostering economic prosperity, promoting citizenship and protecting our nation? How does the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) agency fulfill this obligation? The USCIS must have immigration policies that equip their officers with the ability to make adjudicated decisions based on the law and the facts. Equipping the USCIS officers to make quality determinations requires a cohesive policy framework, and operational infrastructure so that decisions are informed by the relevant guidance and corresponding training are made in a timely manner and further the integrity and goals of the immigration system. Real and potential changes to the immigration laws, policies, and global migration patterns will continue to impact this agency, the other agencies that contribute to this mission, and the internal & external stakeholders. Stakeholders as it pertains to my immigration challenge are those agencies who have a vested interest in the success of the mission. Internal stakeholders are entities within an organization or agency who have a vested interest in the success of the mission and External stakeholders are those entities or agencies not within the organization or agency. Week 4 Assignment 2: Internal and External Stakeholders 3 Internal stakeholders may include the following: 1. United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) 2. United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) 3. United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) 4. The United States Coast Guard 5. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) External stakeholders are entities not within the organization as it pertains to immigration these might include the state, county or local Government entity, private sector corporations; from any of the protective infrastructure groups, the migrants, their families and the citizens & agencies who support them. 1. The ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union) 2. RAICES (Refugee and Immigrant Center for Education and Legal Services) 3. Asylum Seeker Advocacy Project (ASAP) 4. Young Center for Immigrant Children's Rights How have the internal or external stakeholders have influenced the situation in a positive or negative way? The internal stakeholders in their attempt to fulfill their mission, must follow the current law of the land which may manifest itself in a negative perception, causing undue harm, fear and at times confusion for those external stakeholders that they may come in contact. The external stakeholders may influence the need for a cohesive immigration policy through protests, media information, mobilizing the people and leaders of their communities to action which can be positive or negatively. Week 4 Assignment 2: Internal and External Stakeholders 4 How will you consider stakeholders in your solution to the problem? In the solutioning of the issue(s) of the United States immigration policy I intend to provide what I believe the steps necessary to actually begin to design an immigration policy which works for the majority and fulfills the mission of America’s Promise, providing clear guidance in accordance with the spirit of the law when it comes to immigration and migrant status. How will you motivate individuals to buy into your solution? By reminding all who read my report of the mission of America to keep its promise to be a nation of immigrants, through the presentation of verified facts and evidence not conspiracy theories, through the humanization of immigration and not the demonization of migrants. Week 4 Assignment 2: Internal and External Stakeholders References Immigrants in the United States. (2016, October 3). Retrieved from Center for Immigration Studies: https://cis.org/Report/Immigrants-United-States Munoz, C. (2011, October 21). Government and Stakeholders – Working Together to Find Solutions. Retrieved from The White House: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2011/10/21/government-and-stakeholders-workingtogether-find-solutions Rodriquez, L. (2016, November 16). USCIS Strategic Plan. Retrieved from USCIS: https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/USCIS/About%20Us/Budget%2C%20Planning%20and %20Performance/USCIS_2017-2021_Strategic_Plan.pdf S., S. (2017, April 28). Difference Between Internal and External Stakeholders. Retrieved from Key Differences: https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-internal-and-externalstakeholders.html Staff. (2016, August 12). How the United States Immigration System Works. Retrieved from American Immigration Council: https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/how-united-statesimmigration-system-works Stojkovic, K. a. (2018). Criminal Justice Organizations Administration and Management. Cengage. Team, T. C. (2012, July 6). The Facts on Immigration Today. Retrieved from Center for American Progress: https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/reports/2012/07/06/11888/thefacts-on-immigration-today/ 5 Week 5 Assignment 3: Technologies or Information System and Immigration Week 5 Assignment 3 Technologies or Information System and Immigration Deborah Stovall CRJ499 Capstone in Criminal Justice Criminal Justice Organizations Professor Tretha Harris August 4th, 2019 Week 5 Assignment 3: Technologies or Information System and Immigration 2 Technologies or Information System and Immigration With regards to technologies or information systems the link between migration and technology isn’t what anyone would ever believe, several highly pertinent connections between migration and technology or information systems are beginning to manifest themselves by reshaping economies, social interactions and collective security. As a result of these manifestations the issue of international migration is being described as one of the defining issues of the century becoming a very hot topic. New architecture at the border has increased the awareness of how technology or information systems have become the centerpieces of international migration. The demands for mobile facilitating while managing better the risks associated with cross-border travel (terrorism, organized crime, and the entry of unwanted migrants) have resulted in the increased collection and sharing of traveler and other data, expanded use of interoperable information databases, coupled with new border-management technologies and infrastructure used at ports of entry and beyond. In most recent years it has been documented that there is an increase in migrants use of information communications technology (ICT) during migration journeys. Sparked in part by mass migration events, researchers, policymakers, analysts and law enforcement agencies have invested time and energy in understanding how ICT is being used to facilitate migration, most importantly irregular migration involving bad actors such as smugglers. (Graubard, 2015) Heavy use of apps to share real-time information, including to support covert border crossings, together with the consolidation of social media platforms used to connect geographically dispersed groups with common interests, has raised valid questions concerning the extent to which technology has been used to support irregular migration, as well as to enable migrants to avoid abusive and exploitative migrant smugglers. Week 5 Assignment 3: Technologies or Information System and Immigration 3 The ‘appification of migration’ has become a topic of intense interest. A strong focus on migrant tech, including how migrant workers use ICT to adapt to new communities, new workplaces and new cultures, while maintaining links to their families and societies in their homeland. (McAuliffe, 2018) I am not of the opinion that technology and information systems have contributed to the problem I do believe that technology or information systems (ICT) developed by migrants are a means of survival and that America still has a responsibility to resolve the crises that is immigration. Once the policy makers have designed a comprehensive immigration policy, I propose these policies will need to include the apps created by migrants used to help shelter them from harm, introduce them to new communities and a new life. In the future technology or information systems can be integrated into a support services and system for immigrants as they move through the process of becoming a citizen. (Immigrants in the United States, 2016) I propose some form of algorithm based on data be used to place the immigrant in the community where they would be the most successful. Week 5 Assignment 3: Technologies or Information System and Immigration 4 References Graubard, V. (2015, May 7). Technology is helping to modernize our immigratin system. Here's how. Retrieved from The U.S. Digital Service: https://medium.com/the-u-s-digital-service/technologyis-helping-to-modernize-our-immigration-system-here-s-how-96162d615b6a Immigrants in the United States. (2016, October 3). Retrieved from Center for Immigration Studies: https://cis.org/Report/Immigrants-United-States McAuliffe, M. (2018, December 14). The Link between migration and technology is not what you think. Retrieved from World Economic Forum: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/12/socialmedia-is-casting-a-dark-shadow-over-migration/ Stojkovic, K. a. (2018). Criminal Justice Organizations Administration and Management. Cengage. Unknown. (2001-2019). Technology & Infrastructure. Retrieved from MPI - Migration Policy Institute: https://www.migrationpolicy.org/topics/technology-infrastructure
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PROJECT CONSOLIDATION
Name
Tutor
Institution
Course
Date

THE CHALLENGE OF
IMMIGRATION
➢The United states is facing an immigration challenge
which arises from the current immigration policy.
➢This problem in the policy dates back to 1882 when the
US congress passed Chinese Exclusion Act.
➢This Act excluded Chinese Labourers, thus slowing their
immigration to the US.
➢This Act was followed by several others, including the
Immigration Act of 1917, which led to further
complications as they seem to have targeted particular
races.

DEFINITION OF THE
PROBLEM
➢Immigration has become a big part of America’s politics
and the economy.
➢Immigrants are people who are seeking to come to the
United States because of poverty, crime, unspeakable
violence and unrest in their home countries.
➢Majority of us would choose to do the same if faced by
similar circumstances.
➢Today, many U.S. citizens subscribe to the idea that
immigrants take away jobs meant for them.

DEFINITION OF THE
PROBLEM
➢The immigration policy discussion has become
increasingly problematic as it seems to be more about
restricting entry of a particular race.

➢ Rather, it should be about managing the population of
immigrants in a manner that is productive and viable for
all.
➢Therefore, it is important to define who an immigrant is,
and help analyse and address issues of why people
migrate to America.

DEFINITION OF THE
PROBLEM
➢Policy makers are not helping since they seem to be
more concerned with their constituents rather than
creating a plan that also meets immigrants’ needs.

➢Our policies towards immigrants should be humane
enough to meet the needs of our neighbours, family, and
friends whose status in America is uncertain.
➢Our undefined immigration policies negatively impact
the economy externally when migrants are not allowed to
travel freely between countries to work or buy goods.

INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL
STAKEHOLDERS
➢Stakeholders have vested interest in the success of
immigration policy.
➢Internal stakeholders are within the U.S. Citizenship and
Immigration Services (USCIS) agency.
➢External stakeholders are those entities or agencies not
within the agency.
➢While internal stakeholders use the law to ensure results,
external stakeholders can use various cohesive
approaches such as protests.

TECHNOLOGIES OR
INFORMATION SYSTEM AND
IMMIGRATION
➢In most recent years it has been documented that there is
an increase in migrants use of information
communications technology (ICT).

➢The there is heavy use of apps to share real-time
information, including to support covert border crossings.
➢Social media platforms are used to connect
geographically dispersed groups with common interests.

DATA COLLECTED
➢I have collected data from an assortment of digital
sources.
➢This information is in regards to the challenge of
Immigration in the United States within Homeland
Security and U.S. Immigration & Customs Enforcement
(ICE) agencies.
➢Each of these data source provides a verified visual of
the current or historical context, important facts and
nuances about the complex issues of immigration.

AN EFFECTIVE AND
EFFICIENT SOLUTION
➢Voluntary departure policies.
➢Expansion of legal immigration.

AN EFFECTIVE AND
EFFICIENT SOLUTION
➢Policy makers should expand illegal immigration.

➢This should be the case, especially for those who have
run away from unspeakable violence and unrest in their
home countries.
➢Legal immigrants would be good for the US economy as
immigrants’ input can increase our economic output.
➢These individuals bring with them innovative skills
which can boost the US economy.

ASSESSMENT OF
EFFECTIVENESS
➢ National boarder security should be achieved.

➢Human rights should be respected, regardless of whether
an immigrant’s status is legal or illegal.
➢ There should be no signs of discrimination due to one’s
race or nationality.

REFERENCES
➢Gambler, R. (2018, September 18). Progress and Challenges in the Management of Immigration Courts and
Alternatives to Detention. Retrieved from GAO U.S. Government Accountability Office:
https://www.gao.gov/assets/700/694535.pdf
➢Immigrants in the United States. (2016, October 3). Retrieved from Center for Immigration Studies:
https://cis.org/Report/Immigrants-United-States
➢McAuliffe, M. (2018, December 14). The Link between migration and technology is not what you think.
Retrieved from World Economic Forum: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/12/social-media-is-casting-adark-shadow-over-migration/
➢Rodriquez, L. (2016, November 16). USCIS Strategic Plan. Retrieved from USCIS:
https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/USCIS/About%20Us/Budget%2C%20Planning%20and%20Performan
ce/USCIS_2017-2021_Strategic_Plan.pdf
➢Ronald D. Vitiello, A. D. (2018, July 26). Comprehensive Plan for Immigration Data Improvement. Retrieved
from U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement:
https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/ICE%20%20Comprehensive%20Plan%20for%20Immigration%20Data%20Improvement.pdf

➢Stojkovic, K. K. (2018). Criminal Justice Organizations: Administration and Management. Mexico: Cengage
Learning, Inc.
➢Team, T. C. (2012, July 6). The Facts on Immigration Today. Retrieved from Center for American Progress:
https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/reports/2012/07/06/11888/the-facts-on-immigrationtoday/
➢Valverde, M. (2018, October 7). Immigration in 5 Charts: A 2018 Midterm Report. Retrieved from PolitiFact:
https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2018/oct/07/immigration-5-charts-2018-midterm-report/

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Running head: OUTLINE

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Outline
Name
Tutor
Institution
Course
Date

OUTLINE

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Outline

Topical area


Immigration, particularly the Immigration Policy of the United States is my identified
challenge. My focus is on; how does the United States implement a policy which
fulfills one of the country’s most honorable missions to secure America's promise of
being a nation of immigrants, by uniting families, providing refuge, fostering
economic prosperity, promoting citizenship, and protecting our nation? How does the
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) ...


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