MGNT368 Northeastern Illinois CH2 Partial Frequency Distribution Exercises

User Generated

_Oryyn

Mathematics

MGNT368

Description

I need someone to complete these 3 exercises in full answers, I will provide chapter 2 of the book as well for more information.

Unformatted Attachment Preview

MGNT 368 Homework 2 Due January 28, 2018 Please either submit a hard copy or use D2L to submit the homework. DO NOT email the homework please. Read Chapter 1, 2, and 3 1. Chapter 2 Exercise 2 page 39 2. Chapter 2 Exercise 21 page 53 2 3. Chapter 2 Exercise 27 page 59 3 Chapter 2 Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Displays Learning Objectives 1. Learn how to construct and interpret summarization procedures for qualitative data such as: frequency and relative frequency distributions, bar graphs and pie charts. 2. Learn how to construct and interpret tabular summarization procedures for quantitative data such as: frequency and relative frequency distributions, cumulative frequency and cumulative relative frequency distributions. 3. Learn how to construct a dot plot and a histogram as graphical summaries of quantitative data. 4. Learn how the shape of a data distribution is revealed by a histogram. Learn how to recognize when a data distribution is negatively skewed, symmetric, and positively skewed. 5. Be able to use and interpret the exploratory data analysis technique of a stem-and-leaf display. 6. Learn how to construct and interpret cross tabulations, scatter diagrams, side-by-side and stacked bar charts. 7. Learn best practices for creating effective graphical displays and for choosing the appropriate type of display. 2-1 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 2 Solutions: 1. Class A B C 2. Frequency 60 24 36 120 a. 1 – (.22 + .18 + .40) = .20 b. .20(200) = 40 Relative Frequency 60/120 = 0.50 24/120 = 0.20 36/120 = 0.30 1.00 c/d. Class A B C D Total 3. a. 360° x 58/120 = 174° b. 360° x 42/120 = 126° Frequency .22(200) = 44 .18(200) = 36 .40(200) = 80 .20(200) = 40 200 Percent Frequency 22 18 40 20 100 c. No Opinion 16.7% No 35.0% Yes 48.3% 2-2 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Displays d. 70 60 Frequency 50 40 30 20 10 0 Yes No No Opinion Response a. These data are categorical. b. Show Jep Relative Frequency % Frequency 10 20 JJ 8 16 OWS 7 14 THM 12 24 WoF 13 26 Total 50 100 c. 14 12 10 Frequency 4. 8 6 4 2 0 Jep JJ OWS THM Syndicated Television Show WoF 2-3 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 2 Syndicated Television Shows Jep 20% WoF 26% JJ 16% THM 24% d. The largest viewing audience is for Wheel of Fortune and the second largest is for Two and a Half Men. a. Relative Percent Frequency Frequency Frequency Brown 7 0.14 14% Johnson 10 0.20 20% Jones 7 0.14 14% Miller 6 0.12 12% Smith 12 0.24 24% 8 0.16 16% 50 1 100% Name Williams Total: b. Common U.S. Last Names 14 12 Frequency 5. OWS 14% 10 8 6 4 2 0 Brown Johnson Jones Miller Name Smith Williams 2-4 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Displays c. Common U.S. Last Names Brown 14% Williams 16% Johnson 20% Smith 24% d. a. Relative Network Frequency 6. Jones 14% Miller 12% The three most common last names are Smith (24%), Johnson (20%), and Williams (16%) Frequency % Frequency ABC 6 24 CBS 9 36 FOX 1 4 NBC 9 36 Total: 25 100 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ABC CBS FOX NBC Network b. For these data, NBC and CBS tie for the number of top-rated shows. Each has 9 (36%) of the top 25. ABC is third with 6 (24%) and the much younger FOX network has 1(4%). 2-5 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 2 7. a. Rating Excellent Very Good Good Fair Poor Frequency 20 23 4 1 2 50 Percent Frequency 40 46 8 2 4 100 50 45 Percent Frequency 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Poor Fair Good Very Good Customer Rating Excellent Management should be very pleased with the survey results. 40% + 46% = 86% of the ratings are very good to excellent. 94% of the ratings are good or better. This does not look to be a Delta flight where significant changes are needed to improve the overall customer satisfaction ratings. b. 8. While the overall ratings look fine, note that one customer (2%) rated the overall experience with the flight as Fair and two customers (4%) rated the overall experience with the flight as Poor. It might be insightful for the manager to review explanations from these customers as to how the flight failed to meet expectations. Perhaps, it was an experience with other passengers that Delta could do little to correct or perhaps it was an isolated incident that Delta could take steps to correct in the future. a. Position Pitcher Catcher 1st Base 2nd Base 3rd Base Shortstop Left Field Center Field Right Field b. Pitchers (Almost 31%) c. 3rd Base (3 – 4%) Frequency 17 4 5 4 2 5 6 5 7 55 Relative Frequency 0.309 0.073 0.091 0.073 0.036 0.091 0.109 0.091 0.127 1.000 2-6 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Displays Right Field (Almost 13%) e. Infielders (16 or 29.1%) to Outfielders (18 or 32.7%) b. Living Area City Suburb Small Town Rural Area Total Live Now 32% 26% 26% 16% 100% Ideal Community 24% 25% 30% 21% 100% Where do you live now? 35% 30% 25% Percent a. 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% City Suburb Small Town Living Area Rural Area What do you consider the ideal community? 35% 30% 25% Percent 9. d. 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% City Suburb Small Town Ideal Community Rural Area 2-7 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 2 c. Most adults are now living in a city (32%). d. Most adults consider the ideal community a small town (30%). e. Percent changes by living area: City –8%, Suburb –1%, Small Town +4%, and Rural Area +5%. Suburb living is steady, but the trend would be that living in the city would decline while living in small towns and rural areas would increase. 10. a. Rating Frequency Excellent 187 Very Good 252 Average 107 Poor 62 Terrible 41 Total 649 Rating Percent Frequency b. Excellent 28.8 Very Good 38.8 Average 16.5 Poor 9.6 Terrible 6.3 Total 100.0 c. 45 Percent Frequency 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Excellent d. Very Good Average Rating Poor Terrible 28.8% + 38.8 = 67.6% of the guests at the Sheraton Anaheim Hotel rated the hotel as Excellent or Very Good. But, 9.6% + 6.3% = 15.9% of the guests rated the hotel as poor or terrible. 2-8 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Displays e. The percent frequency distribution for Disney’s Grand Californian follows: Percent Frequency Rating Excellent 48.1 Very Good 31.0 Average 11.9 Poor 6.4 Terrible 2.6 Total 100.0 48.1% + 31.0% = 79.1% of the guests at the Sheraton Anaheim Hotel rated the hotel as Excellent or Very Good. And, 6.4% + 2.6% = 9.0% of the guests rated the hotel as poor or terrible. Compared to ratings of other hotels in the same region, both of these hotels received very favorable ratings. But, in comparing the two hotels, guests at Disney’s Grand Californian provided somewhat better ratings than guests at the Sheraton Anaheim Hotel. 11. Class 12–14 15–17 18–20 21–23 24–26 Total Frequency 2 8 11 10 9 40 Relative Frequency 0.050 0.200 0.275 0.250 0.225 1.000 Percent Frequency 5.0 20.0 27.5 25.0 22.5 100.0 12. Class less than or equal to 19 less than or equal to 29 less than or equal to 39 less than or equal to 49 less than or equal to 59 Cumulative Frequency 10 24 41 48 50 Cumulative Relative Frequency .20 .48 .82 .96 1.00 2-9 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 2 13. 18 16 14 Frequency 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 14. a. b/c. Class 6.0 – 7.9 8.0 – 9.9 10.0 – 11.9 12.0 – 13.9 14.0 – 15.9 15. Frequency 4 2 8 3 3 20 Percent Frequency 20 10 40 15 15 100 Leaf Unit = .1 6 3 7 5 5 7 8 1 3 4 8 9 3 6 10 0 4 5 11 3 2 - 10 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Displays 16. Leaf Unit = 10 11 6 12 0 2 13 0 6 7 14 2 2 7 15 5 16 0 2 8 17 0 2 3 17. a/b. Waiting Time 0–4 5–9 10 – 14 15 – 19 20 – 24 Totals Frequency 4 8 5 2 1 20 Relative Frequency 0.20 0.40 0.25 0.10 0.05 1.00 c/d. Waiting Time Less than or equal to 4 Less than or equal to 9 Less than or equal to 14 Less than or equal to 19 Less than or equal to 24 e. Cumulative Frequency 4 12 17 19 20 Cumulative Relative Frequency 0.20 0.60 0.85 0.95 1.00 12/20 = 0.60 18. a., b, c Cumulative Percent Frequency 2 PPG Frequency 10-11.9 1 Relative Frequency .02 12-13.9 3 .06 8 14-15.9 7 .14 22 16-17.9 19 .38 60 18-19.9 9 .18 78 20-21.9 4 .08 86 22-23.9 2 .04 90 24-25.9 0 .00 90 26-27.9 3 .06 96 28-29.9 2 .04 100 Total 50 2 - 11 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 2 d. 20 18 16 Frequency 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 10-11.9 12-13.9 14-15.9 16-17.9 18-19.9 20-21.9 22-23.9 24-25.9 26-27.9 28-30 PPG e. There is skewness to the right. f. (11/50)(100) = 22% 19. a. The largest number of tons is 236.3 million (South Louisiana). The smallest number of tons is 30.2 million (Port Arthur). b. Millions Of Tons Frequency 25-50 11 50-75 9 75-100 2 100-125 0 125-150 1 150-175 0 175-200 0 200-225 0 225-250 2 2 - 12 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Displays c. Histogram for 25 Busiest U.S Ports 12 Frequency 10 8 6 4 2 0 25-49.9 50-74.9 75-99.9 100-124.9 125-149.9 150-174.9 175-199.9 200-224.9 225-249.9 Millions of Tons Handled Most of the top 25 ports handle less than 75 million tons. Only five of the 25 ports handle above 75 million tons. 20. a. Lowest = 12, Highest = 23 b. Hours in Meetings per Week Frequency Percent Frequency 11-12 1 4% 13-14 2 8% 15-16 6 24% 17-18 3 12% 19-20 5 20% 21-22 4 16% 23-24 4 16% 25 100% 2 - 13 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 2 c. 7 6 Fequency 5 4 3 2 1 0 11-12 13-14 15-16 17-18 19-20 21-22 23-24 Hours per Week in Meetings The distribution is slightly skewed to the left. 21. a/b/c/d. Revenue 0-49 50-99 100-149 150-199 200-249 250-299 300-349 350-399 400-449 Total e. Frequency 6 29 11 0 1 1 0 0 2 50 Relative Frequency .12 .58 .22 .00 .02 .02 .00 .00 .04 1.00 Cumulative Frequency 6 35 46 46 47 48 48 48 50 Cumulative Relative Frequency .12 .70 .92 .92 .94 .96 .96 .96 1.00 The majority of the large corporations (40) have revenues in the $50 billion to $149 billion range. Only 4 corporations have revenues of over $200 billion and only 2 corporations have revenues over $400 billion. .70, or 70%, of the corporations have revenues under $100 billion. .30, or 30%, of the corporations have revenues of $100 billion or more. 2 - 14 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Displays f. 35 30 Frequency 25 20 15 10 5 0 0-49 50-99 100-149 150-199 200-249 250-299 300-349 350-399 400-449 Revenue (Billion $) The histogram shows the distribution is skewed to the right with four corporations in the $200 to $449 billion range. g. Exxon-Mobil is America’s largest corporation with an annual revenue of $443 billion. Wal-Mart is the second largest corporation with annual revenue of $406 billion. All other corporations have annual revenues less than $300 billion. Most (92%) have annual revenues less than $150 billion. 22. a. # U.S. Locations Frequency Percent Frequency 0-4999 10 50 5000-9999 3 15 10000-14999 2 10 15000-19999 1 5 20000-24999 0 0 25000-29999 1 5 30000-34999 2 10 35000-39999 1 5 Total: 20 100 2 - 15 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 2 b. 12 Frequency 10 8 6 4 2 0 Number of U.S. Locations c. The distribution is skewed to the right. The majority of the franchises in this list have fewer than 20,000 locations (50% + 15% + 15% = 80%). McDonald's, Subway and 7-Eleven have the highest number of locations. 23. a/b. Computer Usage (Hours) 0.0 – 2.9 3.0 – 5.9 6.0 – 8.9 9.0 – 11.9 12.0 – 14.9 Total Relative Frequency 0.10 0.56 0.16 0.12 0.06 1.00 Frequency 5 28 8 6 3 50 c. 30 Frequency 25 20 15 10 5 0 0-2.9 3-5.9 6-8.9 9-11.9 12-14.9 Computer Usage (Hours) d. The majority of the computer users are in the 3 to 6 hour range. Usage is somewhat skewed toward the right with 3 users in the 12 to 14.9 hour range. 2 - 16 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Displays 24. Median Pay 6 6 7 7 7 2 4 6 7 7 8 9 8 0 0 1 3 7 9 9 10 0 6 11 0 12 1 The median pay for these careers is generally in the $70 and $80 thousands. Only four careers have a median pay of $100 thousand or more. The highest median pay is $121 thousand for a finance director. Top Pay 10 0 6 9 11 1 6 9 12 2 5 6 13 0 5 8 8 14 0 6 15 2 5 7 16 17 18 19 20 21 4 22 1 The most frequent top pay is in the $130 thousand range. However, the top pay is rather evenly distributed between $100 and $160 thousand. Two unusually high top pay values occur at $214 thousand for a finance director and $221 thousand for an investment banker. Also, note that the top pay has more variability than the median pay. 2 - 17 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 2 25. 9 8 9 10 2 4 6 6 11 4 5 7 8 8 9 12 2 4 5 7 13 1 2 14 4 15 1 2 1 4 2 6 7 3 0 1 1 1 2 3 3 5 6 7 7 4 0 0 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 6 6 7 9 5 0 0 0 2 2 5 5 6 7 9 6 1 4 6 6 7 2 26. a. b. Most frequent age group: 40-44 with 9 runners c. 43 was the most frequent age with 5 runners 27. a. y x 1 2 Total A 5 0 5 B 11 2 13 C 2 10 12 Total 18 12 30 2 - 18 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Displays b. y x 1 2 Total A 100.0 0.0 100.0 B 84.6 15.4 100.0 C 16.7 83.3 100.0 c. y 1 2 A 27.8 0.0 B 61.1 16.7 C 11.1 83.3 Total 100.0 100.0 x d. Category A values for x are always associated with category 1 values for y. Category B values for x are usually associated with category 1 values for y. Category C values for x are usually associated with category 2 values for y. 28. a. 20-39 x 10-29 30-49 50-69 70-90 Grand Total 2 1 4 7 3 y 60-79 1 4 1 3 6 40-59 80-100 4 4 Grand Total 5 6 5 4 20 b. x 10-29 30-49 50-69 70-90 20-39 40-59 33.3 20.0 100.0 60.0 y 60-79 20.0 66.7 20.0 80-100 80.0 Grand Total 100 100 100 100 2 - 19 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 2 c. 20-39 0.0 28.6 14.3 57.1 100 10-29 30-49 50-69 70-90 Grand Total x d. y 60-79 16.7 66.7 16.7 0.0 100 40-59 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 100 80-100 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 Higher values of x are associated with lower values of y and vice versa 29. a. Average Miles per Hour Make 130-139.9 Buick 100.00 0.00 0.00 18.75 31.25 0.00 33.33 Chevrolet Dodge Ford b. 140-149.9 150-159.9 160-169.9 170-179.9 Total 0.00 0.00 100.00 25.00 18.75 6.25 100.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 16.67 33.33 16.67 0.00 100.00 25.00 + 18.75 + 6.25 = 50 percent c. Average Miles per Hour Make 130-139.9 140-149.9 150-159.9 160-169.9 170-179.9 Buick 16.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Chevrolet 50.00 62.50 66.67 75.00 100.00 0.00 25.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ford 33.33 12.50 33.33 25.00 0.00 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Dodge d. 75% 30. a. Year Average Speed 1988-1992 1993-1997 1998-2002 2003-2007 2008-2012 130-139.9 16.7 0.0 0.0 33.3 50.0 100 140-149.9 25.0 25.0 12.5 25.0 12.5 100 150-159.9 0.0 50.0 16.7 16.7 16.7 100 160-169.9 50.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 100 170-179.9 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100 b. Total It appears that most of the faster average winning times occur before 2003. This could be due to new regulations that take into account driver safety, fan safety, the environmental impact, and fuel consumption during races. 2 - 20 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Displays 31. a. The crosstabulation of condition of the greens by gender is below. Green Condition Too Fast Fine 35 65 40 60 75 125 Gender Male Female Total Total 100 100 200 The female golfers have the highest percentage saying the greens are too fast: 40/100 = 40%. Male golfers have 35/100 = 35% saying the greens are too fast. b. Among low handicap golfers, 1/10 = 10% of the women think the greens are too fast and 10/50 = 20% of the men think the greens are too fast. So, for the low handicappers, the men show a higher percentage who think the greens are too fast. c. Among the higher handicap golfers, 39/51 = 43% of the woman think the greens are too fast and 25/50 = 50% of the men think the greens are too fast. So, for the higher handicap golfers, the men show a higher percentage who think the greens are too fast. d. This is an example of Simpson's Paradox. At each handicap level a smaller percentage of the women think the greens are too fast. But, when the crosstabulations are aggregated, the result is reversed and we find a higher percentage of women who think the greens are too fast. The hidden variable explaining the reversal is handicap level. Fewer people with low handicaps think the greens are too fast, and there are more men with low handicaps than women. 32. a. 5 Year Average Return . Fund Type 0-9.99 DE 1 FI b. c. d. 9 10-19.99 20-29.99 30-39.99 25 1 1 0 50-59.99 Total 0 40-49.99 0 0 27 0 0 0 10 1 8 1 45 IE 0 2 3 2 0 Total 10 28 4 2 0 5 Year Average Return 0-9.99 10-19.99 20-29.99 30-39.99 40-49.99 50-59.99 Total Fund Type Frequency DE 27 FI 10 IE 8 Total 45 Frequency 10 28 4 2 0 1 45 The right margin shows the frequency distribution for the fund type variable and the bottom margin shows the frequency distribution for the 5 year average return variable. 2 - 21 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 2 e. Higher returns are associated with International Equity funds and lower returns are associated with Fixed Income funds. 33. a. Expense Ratio (%) Fund Type 0-0.24 0.25-0.49 0.50-0.74 0.75-0.99 1.00-1.24 1.25-1.49 Total DE 1 1 3 5 10 7 27 FI 2 4 3 0 0 1 10 IE 0 0 1 2 4 1 8 Total 3 5 7 7 14 9 45 b. Expense Ratio (%) 0-0.24 0.25-0.49 0.50-0.74 0.75-0.99 1.00-1.24 1.25-1.49 Total c. Frequency 3 5 7 7 14 9 45 Percent 6.7 11.1 15.6 15.6 31.0 20.0 100 Higher expense ratios are associated with Domestic Equity funds and lower expense ratios are associated with Fixed Income fund 2 - 22 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Displays 34. a. b. The top three states for bankruptcies over this time period are Georgia (86), Florida (69) and Illinois (58). c. The frequency distribution over time appears below. Bank failures surged in 2009 and 2010 and then began decreasing in 2011 and 2012. 2 - 23 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 2 Number of Year Bank Failures 2000 2 2001 4 2002 11 2003 3 2004 4 2005 0 2006 0 2007 3 2008 25 2009 140 2010 157 2011 92 2012 51 35. a. Size Compact Large Midsize Total b. c. Hwy MPG 25-29 30-34 17 22 7 3 30 20 54 45 20-24 4 10 4 18 35-39 5 2 9 16 40-44 5 3 8 Total 56 24 69 149 Midsize and Compact seem to be more fuel efficient than Large. Drive A F R Total d. 15-19 3 2 3 8 10-14 7 15-19 18 17 20 55 10 17 City MPG 20-24 3 49 52 25-29 30-34 40-44 19 1 20 2 3 2 3 Total 28 90 31 149 Higher fuel efficiencies are associated with front wheel drive cars. e. Fuel Type P R Total f. 15-19 8 8 20-24 16 2 18 City MPG 25-29 20 34 54 30-34 12 33 45 35-39 40-44 16 16 8 8 Total 56 93 149 Higher fuel efficiencies are associated with cars that use regular gas. 2 - 24 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Displays 36. a. 56 40 24 y 8 -8 -24 -40 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 x b. There is a negative relationship between x and y; y decreases as x increases. 37. a. 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 I II 100 0 A b. B C D As X goes from A to D the frequency for I increases and the frequency of II decreases. 38. a. y x Yes No Low 66.667 33.333 100 Medium 30.000 70.000 100 High 80.000 20.000 100 2 - 25 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 2 b. 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% No Yes Low Medium x High 39. a. 40 Fuel Efficiency (MPG) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 b. 10 20 30 40 Driving Speed (MPH) 50 60 For midsized cars, lower driving speeds seem to yield higher miles per gallon. 2 - 26 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 70 Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Displays 40. a. 120 Avg. Snowfall (inches) 100 80 60 40 20 0 30 40 50 60 Avg. Low Temp 70 80 b. Colder average low temperature seems to lead to higher amounts of snowfall. c. Two cities have an average snowfall of nearly 100 inches of snowfall: Buffalo, N.Y and Rochester, NY. Both are located near large lakes in New York. 41. a. 80.00% % with Hypertension 70.00% 60.00% 50.00% Male 40.00% Female 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% 20-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+ Age b. The percentage of people with hypertension increases with age. c. For ages earlier than 65, the percentage of males with hypertension is higher than that for females. After age 65, the percentage of females with hypertension is higher than that for males. 2 - 27 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 2 42. a. 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% No Cell Phone 40% Other Cell Phone 30% Smartphone 20% 10% 0% 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age b. After an increase in age 25-34, smartphone ownership decreases as age increases. The percentage of people with no cell phone increases with age. There is less variation across age groups in the percentage who own other cell phones. c. Unless a newer device replaces the smartphone, we would expect smartphone ownership would become less sensitive to age. This would be true because current users will become older and because the device will become to be seen more as a necessity than a luxury. 43. a. 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% Idle 50% Customers 40% Reports 30% Meetings 20% 10% 0% Bend Portland Seattle 2 - 28 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Displays b. 0.6 0.5 0.4 Meetings Reports 0.3 Customers 0.2 Idle 0.1 0 Bend c. Portland Seattle The stacked bar chart seems simpler than the side-by-side bar chart and more easily conveys the differences in store managers’ use of time. 44. a. Class 800-999 1000-1199 1200-1399 1400-1599 1600-1799 1800-1999 2000-2199 Total Frequency 1 3 6 10 7 2 1 30 12 Frequency 10 8 6 4 2 0 800-999 b. 1000-1199 1200-1399 1400-1599 SAT Score 1600-1799 1800-1999 The distribution if nearly symmetrical. It could be approximated by a bell-shaped curve. 2 - 29 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 2000-2199 Chapter 2 c. 45. a. 10 of 30 or 33% of the scores are between 1400 and 1599. The average SAT score looks to be a little over 1500. Scores below 800 or above 2200 are unusual. State Arizona California Florida Georgia Louisiana Michigan Minnesota Texas Total Frequency 2 11 15 2 8 2 1 2 43 16 14 Frequency 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 AZ CA FL GA LA MN MN TX State b. c. Florida has had the most Super Bowl with 15, or 15/43(100) = 35%. Florida and California have been the states with the most Super Bowls. A total of 15 + 11 = 26, or 26/43(100) = 60%. Only 3 Super Bowls, or 3/43(100) = 7%, have been played in the cold weather states of Michigan and Minnesota. 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 1333334444 57779 00012234 5677778999 123 577 2 56 5 2 - 30 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Displays d. The most frequent winning points have been 0 to 4 points and 15 to 19 points. Both occurred in 10 Super Bowls. There were 10 close games with a margin of victory less than 5 points, 10/43(100) = 23% of the Super Bowls. There have also been 10 games, 23%, with a margin of victory more than 20 points. e. The closest games was the 25th Super Bowl with a 1 point margin. It was played in Florida. The largest margin of victory occurred one year earlier in the 24 th Super Bowl. It had a 45 point margin and was played in Louisiana. More detailed information not available from the text information. 25th Super Bowl: 1991 New York Giants 20 Buffalo Bills 19, Tampa Stadium, Tampa, FL 24th Super Bowl: 1990 San Francisco 49ers 55 Denver Broncos 10, Superdome, New Orleans, LA Note: The data set SuperBowl contains a list of the teams and the final scores of the 43 Super Bowls. This data set can be used in Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 to provide interesting data summaries about the points scored by the winning team and the points scored by the losing team in the Super Bowl. For example, using the median scores, the median Super Bowl score was 28 to 13. 2 - 31 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 2 46. a. Population in Millions Frequency % Frequency 0.0 - 2.4 15 30.0% 2.5-4.9 13 26.0% 5.0-7.4 10 20.0% 7.5-9.9 5 10.0% 10.0-12.4 1 2.0% 12.5-14.9 2 4.0% 15.0-17.4 0 0.0% 17.5-19.9 2 4.0% 20.0-22.4 0 0.0% 22.5-24.9 0 0.0% 25.0-27.4 1 2.0% 27.5-29.9 0 0.0% 30.0-32.4 0 0.0% 32.5-34.9 0 0.0% 35.0-37.4 1 2.0% 37.5-39.9 0 0.0% More 0 0.0% 16 14 Frequency 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Population Millions b. The distribution is skewed to the right. c. 15 states (30%) have a population less than 2.5 million. Over half of the states have population less than 5 million (28 states – 56%). Only seven states have a population greater than 10 million (California, Florida, Illinois, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Texas). The largest state is California (37.3 million) and the smallest states are Vermont and Wyoming (600 thousand). 2 - 32 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Displays 47. a. b. The majority of the start-up companies in this set have less than $90 million in venture capital. Only 6 of the 50 (12%) have more than $150 million. 48. a. Industry Frequency % Frequency Bank 26 13% Cable 44 22% Car 42 21% Cell 60 30% Collection 28 14% Total 200 100% 2 - 33 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 2 b. Percent Frequency 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Bank Cable Car Industry Cell Collection c. The cellular phone providers had the highest number of complaints. d. The percentage frequency distribution shows that the two financial industries (banks and collection agencies) had about the same number of complaints. Also, new car dealers and cable and satellite television companies also had about the same number of complaints. 49. a. Yield% 0.0-0.9 1.0-1.9 2.0-2.9 3.0-3.9 4.0-4.9 5.0-5.9 6.0-6.9 7.0-7.9 8.0-8.9 9.0-9.9 Total Frequency 4 2 6 10 3 2 2 0 0 1 30 Percent Frequency 13.3 6.7 20.0 33.3 10.0 6.7 6.7 0.0 0.0 3.3 100.0 2 - 34 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Displays b. 12 Frequency 10 8 6 4 2 0 0.0-0.9 1.0-1.9 2.0-2.9 3.0-3.9 4.0-4.9 5.0-5.9 6.0-6.9 7.0-7.9 8.0-8.9 9.0-9.9 Dividend Yields c. The distribution is skewed to the right. d. Dividend yield ranges from 0% to over 9%. The most frequent range is 3.0% to 3.9%. Average dividend yields looks to be between 3% and 4%. Over 50% of the companies (16) pay from 2.0 % to 3.9%. Five companies (AT&T, DuPont, General Electric, Merck, and Verizon) pay 5.0% or more. Four companies (Bank of America, Cisco Systems, Hewlett-Packard, and J.P. Morgan Chase) pay less than 1%. e. General Electric had an unusually high dividend yield of 9.2%. 500 shares at $14 per share is an investment of 500($14) = $7,000. A 9.2% dividend yield provides .092(7,000) = $644 of dividend income per year. 50. a. Below High School High School Graduate Some College No Degree Associate's Degree Bachelor's Degree Advanced Degree 25-34 11.6 27.2 18.9 9.5 24.0 8.9 100 35-44 11.7 28.6 16.3 10.3 21.9 11.2 100 45-54 10.4 32.8 16.7 10.6 19.0 10.4 100 55-64 10.4 31.3 17.3 9.2 18.6 13.1 100 65-74 17.0 35.4 15.7 6.6 14.1 11.1 100 75 & older 24.6 37.6 14.0 4.6 11.9 7.3 100 Age 2 - 35 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Total Chapter 2 b. Below High School High School Graduate Some College No Degree Associate's Degree Bachelor's Degree Advanced Degree 25-34 18.5 17.9 23.1 21.4 25.4 17.4 35-44 18.4 18.5 19.6 22.9 22.8 21.5 45-54 18.0 23.3 22.0 25.8 21.7 21.9 55-64 14.3 17.7 18.2 17.9 17.0 22.0 65-74 13.9 11.9 9.8 7.6 7.6 11.0 75 & older 16.9 10.6 7.3 4.5 5.4 6.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Age Total Comparing the percent frequency distributions of the Bachelor’s Degree versus Advanced Degree, we see that the percentage of advanced degree holders who are older exceeds those holding a bachelor’s degree who are older. 51. a. The batting averages for the junior and senior years for each player are as follows: Junior year: Allison Fealey Emily Janson 15/40 = .375 70/200 = .350 Senior year: Allison Fealey Emily Janson 75/250 = .300 35/120 = .292 Because Allison Fealey had the higher batting average in both her junior year and senior year, Allison Fealey should receive the scholarship offer. b. The combined or aggregated two-year crosstabulation is as follows: Combined 2-Year Batting Outcome A. Fealey E. Jansen Hit 90 105 No Hit 200 215 Total At Bats 290 320 Based on this crosstabulation, the batting average for each player is as follows: Combined Junior/Senior Years Allison Fealey Emily Janson 90/290 = .310 105/320 = .328 Because Emily Janson has the higher batting average over the combined junior and senior years, Emily Janson should receive the scholarship offer. c. The recommendations in parts (a) and (b) are not consistent. This is an example of Simpson’s Paradox. It shows that in interpreting the results based upon separate or un-aggregated crosstabulations, the conclusion can be reversed when the crosstabulations are grouped or 2 - 36 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Displays aggregated. When Simpson’s Paradox is present, the decision maker will have to decide whether the un-aggregated or the aggregated form of the crosstabulation is the most helpful in identifying the desired conclusion. Note: The authors prefer the recommendation to offer the scholarship to Emily Janson because it is based upon the aggregated performance for both players over a larger number of at-bats. But this is a judgment or personal preference decision. Others may prefer the conclusion based on using the un-aggregated approach in part (a). 52. a. Size of Company Job Growth (%) b. Small Midsized Large Total -10- (-1) 4 6 2 12 0-9 18 13 29 60 10-19 7 2 4 13 20-29 3 3 2 8 30-39 0 3 1 4 40 or more 0 1 0 1 Total 32 28 38 98 Frequency distribution for growth rate. Job Growth (%) Total -10- (-1) 12 0-9 60 10-19 13 20-29 8 30-39 4 40 or more 1 Total 98 Frequency distribution for size of company. Size Total Small 32 Medium 28 Large 38 Total 98 2 - 37 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 2 c. Crosstabulation showing column percentages. Size of Company Job Growth (%) Small Midsized Large -10- (-1) 13 21 5 0-9 56 46 76 10-19 22 7 11 20-29 9 11 5 30-39 0 11 3 40 or more 0 4 0 100 100 100 Total d. Crosstabulation showing row percentages. Size of Company Job Growth (%) e. Small Midsized Large Total -10- (-1) 33 50 17 100 0-9 30 22 48 100 10-19 54 15 31 100 20-29 38 38 25 100 30-39 0 75 25 100 40 or more 0 4 0 100 12 companies had negative job growth: 33% of these were small companies; 50% were midsized companies; and 17% were large companies. So, in terms of avoiding negative job growth, large companies performed better than small and midsized companies. But, although 95% of the large companies had a positive job growth, the growth rate was between 0 and 9% for 76% of these companies. In terms of better job growth rates, midsized companies performed better than either small or large companies. For instance, 26% of the midsized companies had a job growth of at least 20% compared to 9% for small companies and 8% for large companies. 53. a. Year Founded 1600-1649 1700-1749 1750-1799 1800-1849 1850-1899 1900-1949 1950-2000 Total 15000 1000115000 1 1500120000 2 1 1 1 2 4 Tution & Fees ($) 2000125000 1 2 2 4 9 2500130000 3 13 3 19 3000135000 3 14 4 1 22 3500140000 1 2 6 13 8 30 4000145000 1 4 8 4 17 2 - 38 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Total 1 3 4 21 49 18 7 103 Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Displays b. Year Founded 1600-1649 1700-1749 1750-1799 1800-1849 1850-1899 1900-1949 1950-2000 c. 15000 1000115000 Tuition & Fees ($) 2000125000 1500120000 2.04 2500130000 4.76 4.08 11.11 57.14 4.08 5.56 28.57 3000135000 14.29 26.53 16.67 14.29 28.57 22.22 14.29 3500140000 100.00 66.67 28.57 26.53 44.44 4000145000 33.33 100.00 38.10 8.16 Grand Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Colleges in this sample founded before 1800 tend to be expensive in terms of tuition. 54. a. Year Founded 1600-1649 1700-1749 1750-1799 1800-1849 1850-1899 1900-1949 1950-2000 Grand Total 3540 4045 1 1 1 2 1 4550 5055 1 1 1 2 3 5 5560 4 1 % Graduate 60- 65- 7065 70 75 1 3 3 3 2 11 7580 8085 8590 9095 4 5 3 2 9 2 3 6 4 4 3 1 1 3 4 1 12 13 13 8 9 95100 1 3 3 2 1 Grand Total 1 3 4 21 49 18 7 10 103 2 5 7 15 b. c. Older colleges and universities tend to have higher graduation rates. 2 - 39 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 2 55. a. 50,000 45,000 Tuition & Fees ($) 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 1600 b. 1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 Year Founded 1900 1950 2000 Older colleges and universities tend to be more expensive. 56. a. 120.00 % Graduate 100.00 80.00 60.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 0 b. 10,000 20,000 30,000 Tuition & Fees ($) 40,000 50,000 There appears to be a strong positive relationship between Tuition & Fees and % Graduation. 2 - 40 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Displays 57. a. Advertising Spend $Millions 140.0 Internet Newspaper etc. Television 120.0 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 2008 2011 Year b. 2008 2011 Internet 86.7% 57.8% Newspaper etc. 13.3% 9.7% 0.0% 32.5% 100.0% 100.0% Television Total 100% Advertising Spend $Millions 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% Television 40% Newspaper etc. 30% Internet 20% 10% 0% 2008 2011 Year c. The graph is part a is more insightful because is shows the allocation of the budget across media, but also dramatic increase in the size of the budget. 2 - 41 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 2 58. a. 355000 Attendance 350000 345000 340000 335000 330000 325000 320000 2008 2009 2010 2011 Year Zoo attendance appears to be dropping over time. b. 180,000 160,000 Attendance 140,000 120,000 100,000 General 80,000 Member 60,000 School 40,000 20,000 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 Year c. General attendance is increasing, but not enough to offset the decrease in member attendance. School membership appears fairly stable. 2 - 42 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Purchase answer to see full attachment
User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool's honor code & terms of service.

Explanation & Answer

Attached a...


Anonymous
I was stuck on this subject and a friend recommended Studypool. I'm so glad I checked it out!

Studypool
4.7
Trustpilot
4.5
Sitejabber
4.4

Related Tags