Outline form for 5-paragraph essay; submit here

User Generated

fnzvg_01

Writing

Lynn University

Description

Unformatted Attachment Preview

THESIS: . I. Topic sentence A. Main detail [ 1 sub details 2 B 1 2 C [if needed] II. Topic sentence A Main detail 1 2 B Main detail 1 2 C [if needed] III. Topic sentence A Main detail 1 sub details 2 B. Main detail C [if needed] Concluding Statement How to choose a topic and create an outline for the five-paragraph essay on Aristotle and Match Point In my lecture on Aristotle’s theory and in the study questions for the film Match Point, I indicate the essential elements of what Aristotle felt had to be in a drama to make it a tragedy. In this outline I want you to use THREE AND NO MORE of Aristotle’s elements of tragedy to support one of three possible topics: Choose three from hero, flaw, downfall, recognition and catharsis. Look at the three you have chosen. Do they all show that that Aristotle’s theory works well with the film Match Point that Aristotle’s theory does not fit the film Match Point that Aristotle’s theory applies in some areas but not in others in the film Match Point. 2. A summary of Aristotle’s theory of tragedy: tragedy is an imitation of real life with universal meaning to all and involves five elements: 1. A hero 2. who has a flaw 3. that leads to his or her downfall 4. that ends in the hero’s recognition. 5. The result of witnessing the tragedy for the audience is catharsis a release of pity and fear for the hero by the audience. 3. This outline is for five paragraphs. You will have a oneparagraph introduction; main body of three paragraphs, and a one-paragraph conclusion. See the form for this outline in Canvas and follow the directions. Why Tragedy What is tragic? What is a tragedy? Do we all experience tragedy? • • • • • Tragic? And old person dies in Boca? An infant dies in Boca? I get hit by a bus crossing the street? A massive hurricane kills thousands? • Tragedy is an art form to communicate the suffering and sadness of experiences in life. • Titanic • Marley and Me • Moonlight • La La Land • Me Before You • The Edge of Seventeen • Manchester By the Sea Why Tragedy • Tragedy: two purposes • 1. To teach what is like to experience the worst things of life • 2. To delight - to move the audience emotionally • 3. Consider Titanic – teach and delight? • Tragedy: two hours to tell story • An earthquake….how do you tell the story • Tragedy is a form to express human suffering caused by humans. In our course, how these theories of tragedy apply to... • Classical Greek tragedies • Readings from ancient times to modern • Figures from modern popular culture Five Paragraph Form for Aristotle and Match Point Outline  Instructions: The thesis, topic sentences and concluding sentence MUST be in sentence form. The rest can be in words or phrases.  Thesis: what are you trying to prove? See the topic – what is your position on Aristotle’s theory of tragedy and Match Point. 1. Do the three of Aristotle’s elements prove his theory applies to Match Point? 2. Do some but not all of Aristotle’s elements fit Match Point? 3. Or do the three elements of Aristotle’s theory you chose reveal that the theory does not match the film? CHOOSE ONE. THIS WILL BE COME THE THESIS STATEMENT OF YOUR ESSAY.  THESIS: [state it here}  I. First Reason – topic sentence [which element of Aristotle’s theory you are exploring and how are you supporting your thesis?]   A. Main detail [ex. One flaw  1 sub details [where do you see it in the movie? How do the actions or words of characters prove this point?]  2   B  1 [where do you see it in the movie? How do the actions or words of characters prove this point?]  2   C [if needed]               II. Second Reason- – topic sentence [what second element of Aristotle’s theory you are exploring and how are you supporting your thesis?] A Main detail 1 sub details [where do you see it in the movie? How do the actions or words of characters prove this point?] 2 B Main detail 1 2 C [if needed]  III. Third Reason – topic sentence [what third element of Aristotle’s theory you are exploring and how are you supporting your thesis?]   A Main detail  1 sub details  2    B. Main detail   C [if needed]    Concluding Statement Aristotle’s Theory of Tragedy Who was Aristotle? Born: c. 384 BCE in Stagira, Macedonia. Died: c. 322 BCE He was an ancient Greek philosopher whose work has been extremely important to the development of both western philosophy and western theology [belief and reason]. Very little of what we have appears to have been published by Aristotle himself. Instead, we have notes from his school much of which were created by his students during the time Aristotle taught. Aristotle himself wrote a few works intended for publication, but we only have fragments of these. His work that we will study is his Poetics, in which Aristotle explains the structure and feeling of tragedy. Aristotle’s ideas on tragedy: The Poetics 335 BC While it is believed that Aristotle's Poetics comprised two books – one on comedy and one on tragedy – only the portion that focuses on tragedy has survived. The characters in a tragedy are merely a means of driving the story; the plot, not the characters, is the chief focus of tragedy. In a sense Aristotle was not into psychology. What you did made you who you are. Comedy, for Aristotle, is a dramatic imitation of men worse than average; whereas tragedy imitates men slightly better than average. The Ancient Greek View of the Universe Tom Driver “The achievement of the Greek thinkers was that they discovered new ways to see the constants that lie within life’s apparently random change. What is given immediately to our experience is variety and mutation, and this produces unbearable anxiety unless some pattern of consistency can be found within it. “The peoples of the eastern Mediterranean, who cradled our civilization, sought to transcend the flux through the elaboration of various myths and rituals. ” The Greeks did also, and it became their privilege eventually to transmute the myths and rituals into philosophy and literature of such universal appeal that time has not rendered them obsolete. “The Greeks fought against time and won. They did it, strangely, by shutting out the future. The future is the enemy of timelessness, as the past, which is fixed, and the present, which is ineffable, is not.” Driver, Tom. (1990). Aristotle’s Definition of Tragedy from the Poetics [two translations] “A tragedy, then, is the imitation of an action [a drama, play or film] that is serious [no comedy] and also, as having magnitude [universal], complete in itself; in language with pleasurable accessories, each kind brought in separately in the parts of the work; in a dramatic, not in a narrative form; with incidents arousing pity and fear [in the audience], wherewith to accomplish its catharsis of such emotions.” “Tragedy, then, is an imitation of an action of high importance, complete and of some amplitude; in language enhanced by distinct and varying beauties; acted not narrated; by means of pity and fear effectuating its purgation of these emotions.” Source: (Paredes, 2014, page 24) Breaking Down Aristotle’s Concept of Tragedy Source of quotes: Tragedy: The Basics. (2004) Tragedy is a serious action [drama, no comedy]; it must be an"imitation" of real life: mimesis. Why? Because if it is an imitation of real life, the audience will connect to the drama. They will be able to relate their own lives to the lives of the fictional characters. This will “Aristotle asserts that the artist does not just copy the shifting appearances of the world, but rather imitates or represents Reality itself, and gives form and meaning to that Reality.” (As cited in Tragedy: The Basics, 2004). The drama must reveal universal themes of ontological importance [the nature of being, of being alive and existence]. This is why the Greek tragedies are still done today. We still can relate to the issues in tragedy 2,000 years after Aristotle In so doing, the artist gives shape to the universal, not the accidental. Poetry, Aristotle says, is "a more philosophical and serious business than history; for poetry speaks more of universals, history of particulars. [As cited in Tragedy: The Basics. 2004) Aristotle said that tragedy should focus on the life of one person: the hero Aristotle contests that the tragic hero has to be a man "who is eminently good and just, whose misfortune is brought about not by vice or depravity, but by some error or frailty. He is not making the hero entirely good in which he can do no wrong but misfortune.” Note the hero is not too good or too evil. Why? If too evil, the audience will reject the hero as simply a villain. If the hero is too perfect, the sadness the audience will feel for the hero at the end of the tragedy could be almost unbearable. The Hero cont. Aristotle suggests that a hero of a tragedy must evoke in the audience a sense of pity or fear, saying, “the change of fortune presented must be the spectacle of a virtuous man brought from prosperity to adversity." Aristotle stresses that the emotion of pity stems NOT from a person becoming better but when a person receives undeserved misfortune. We as the audience feel sorry or pity for the hero. Fear is felt because when the misfortune befalls a man or a woman like us, it means that it could happen to us, too. This is why Aristotle points out the simple fact that the change of fortune should be not from bad to good, but, reversely, from good to bad.” Reeves, Charles, 1952. Pg. 172-188. The Hero’s Flaw Aristotle also establishes that the hero has to be “virtuous” that is to say he has to be "a morally blameless man. The Hero’s flaw is what will bring him not success, but death by the end of the work.” Butcher, S.H. (2008). pp. 45-47. The hero’s flaw- in Greek…hamartia [ha-mar-tee-a]. In Greek tragedy, what leads to the hero’s downfall and tragedy is an aspect of his or her own personality that causes the hero to suffer. In that sense the hero creates his or her downfall rather than being the victim of something terrible. The hero might attempt to achieve a certain goal, but by making an error in judgment the hero instead achieves the opposite result with disastrous consequences. Aristotle would say that these self-destructive actions reveal the hero’s flaw – what went wrong in his or her own thinking or psychology. In Aristotle’s world the lives of people fit into the order of the universe that was governed by the gods and fate. Fate determined our paths through life; sometimes fate is good, but sometimes not. How we deal with fate in the Greek view is what determines our lives. Fate is not kind to the hero; but what causes his suffering is how he or she deals with her fate. Accept it, or fight it! The Downfall of the Hero - Tragedy As a result of his or her flaw, the tragic hero undergoes terrible circumstances during the course of the drama. Once great and noble and happy and loved, the hero experiences a decline or reversal of fortune in life. Things go badly. We would say the hero’s life has gone downhill. Aristotle called this “peripeteia” [pe-ree-pe-tay-a]. In ancient Greek tragedy, somehow the tragic hero has violated the order of things or the way the world should be. In the case of the classic Greek tragedy, Oedipus the King, the hero, learns that through a twist of fate, he wound up murdering his father and marrying his mother. This is the hero’s downfall, the reversal of the good fortune of his or her life. His flaw is excessive pride, or hubris, as Aristotle called it. Oedipus cannot accept his fate. As a result the once great and wise king becomes paranoid and accuses everyone of treachery by trying to steal his kingdom. This begins his downfall, which only becomes worse and eventually he blinds himself out of guilt. The final element of tragedy according Aristotle is called “anagnorisis” [anna-nor-ee-sis]. Anagnorisis is a moment in a play or other work when the tragic hero makes a critical discovery. The realization is that the tragic hero is responsible for his or own downfall. Anagnorisis originally meant recognition in its Greek context. It was the hero's sudden awareness of a real situation, the tragedy that he or she has caused.” To make things even worse for the tragic hero this moment of critical discovery often happens in public and results in a confession. Catharsis: a word used now on modern psychotherapy has to do with the audience and not the characters in the tragedy! This word originates from the Greek katharsis meaning "purification" or “cleansing", and it refers to the purification and purging of emotions, especially pity and fear, that the audience feels at the end of the drama. We all know this feeling. At the end of a sad, tragic movie, we are sometimes left in tears. After the movie is over, we feel relief. After all it is only a movie - a made up story. It is why we enjoy sad movies or plays. We purge the emotions, digest them and then go on to our normal lives having learned from and enjoyed the experience of tragedy. [Remember catharsis is felt by the audience, not the hero] Summary of Aristotle’s theory of tragedy Tragedy is an imitation of real life with universal meaning to all and involves a hero who has a flaw that leads to his or her downfall that ends in the hero’s recognition. The result of witnessing the tragedy is catharsis, a release of pity and fear for the hero by the audience. How to choose a topic and create an outline for the five-paragraph essay on Aristotle and Match Point In my lecture on Aristotle’s theory and in the study questions for the film Match Point, I indicate the essential elements of what Aristotle felt had to be in a drama to make it a tragedy. In this outline I want you to use THREE AND NO MORE of Aristotle’s elements of tragedy to support one of three possible topics: Choose three from hero, flaw, downfall, recognition and catharsis. Look at the three you have chosen. Do they all show that that Aristotle’s theory works well with the film Match Point that Aristotle’s theory does not fit the film Match Point that Aristotle’s theory applies in some areas but not in others in the film Match Point. 2. A summary of Aristotle’s theory of tragedy: tragedy is an imitation of real life with universal meaning to all and involves five elements: 1. A hero 2. who has a flaw 3. that leads to his or her downfall 4. that ends in the hero’s recognition. 5. The result of witnessing the tragedy for the audience is catharsis a release of pity and fear for the hero by the audience. 3. This outline is for five paragraphs. You will have a oneparagraph introduction; main body of three paragraphs, and a one-paragraph conclusion. See the form for this outline in Canvas and follow the directions. Why Tragedy What is tragic? What is a tragedy? Do we all experience tragedy? • • • • • Tragic? And old person dies in Boca? An infant dies in Boca? I get hit by a bus crossing the street? A massive hurricane kills thousands? • Tragedy is an art form to communicate the suffering and sadness of experiences in life. • Titanic • Marley and Me • Moonlight • La La Land • Me Before You • The Edge of Seventeen • Manchester By the Sea Why Tragedy • Tragedy: two purposes • 1. To teach what is like to experience the worst things of life • 2. To delight - to move the audience emotionally • 3. Consider Titanic – teach and delight? • Tragedy: two hours to tell story • An earthquake….how do you tell the story • Tragedy is a form to express human suffering caused by humans. In our course, how these theories of tragedy apply to... • Classical Greek tragedies • Readings from ancient times to modern • Figures from modern popular culture Five Paragraph Form for Aristotle and Match Point Outline  Instructions: The thesis, topic sentences and concluding sentence MUST be in sentence form. The rest can be in words or phrases.  Thesis: what are you trying to prove? See the topic – what is your position on Aristotle’s theory of tragedy and Match Point. 1. Do the three of Aristotle’s elements prove his theory applies to Match Point? 2. Do some but not all of Aristotle’s elements fit Match Point? 3. Or do the three elements of Aristotle’s theory you chose reveal that the theory does not match the film? CHOOSE ONE. THIS WILL BE COME THE THESIS STATEMENT OF YOUR ESSAY.  THESIS: [state it here}  I. First Reason – topic sentence [which element of Aristotle’s theory you are exploring and how are you supporting your thesis?]   A. Main detail [ex. One flaw  1 sub details [where do you see it in the movie? How do the actions or words of characters prove this point?]  2   B  1 [where do you see it in the movie? How do the actions or words of characters prove this point?]  2   C [if needed]               II. Second Reason- – topic sentence [what second element of Aristotle’s theory you are exploring and how are you supporting your thesis?] A Main detail 1 sub details [where do you see it in the movie? How do the actions or words of characters prove this point?] 2 B Main detail 1 2 C [if needed]  III. Third Reason – topic sentence [what third element of Aristotle’s theory you are exploring and how are you supporting your thesis?]   A Main detail  1 sub details  2    B. Main detail   C [if needed]    Concluding Statement Aristotle’s Theory of Tragedy Who was Aristotle? Born: c. 384 BCE in Stagira, Macedonia. Died: c. 322 BCE He was an ancient Greek philosopher whose work has been extremely important to the development of both western philosophy and western theology [belief and reason]. Very little of what we have appears to have been published by Aristotle himself. Instead, we have notes from his school much of which were created by his students during the time Aristotle taught. Aristotle himself wrote a few works intended for publication, but we only have fragments of these. His work that we will study is his Poetics, in which Aristotle explains the structure and feeling of tragedy. Aristotle’s ideas on tragedy: The Poetics 335 BC While it is believed that Aristotle's Poetics comprised two books – one on comedy and one on tragedy – only the portion that focuses on tragedy has survived. The characters in a tragedy are merely a means of driving the story; the plot, not the characters, is the chief focus of tragedy. In a sense Aristotle was not into psychology. What you did made you who you are. Comedy, for Aristotle, is a dramatic imitation of men worse than average; whereas tragedy imitates men slightly better than average. The Ancient Greek View of the Universe Tom Driver “The achievement of the Greek thinkers was that they discovered new ways to see the constants that lie within life’s apparently random change. What is given immediately to our experience is variety and mutation, and this produces unbearable anxiety unless some pattern of consistency can be found within it. “The peoples of the eastern Mediterranean, who cradled our civilization, sought to transcend the flux through the elaboration of various myths and rituals. ” The Greeks did also, and it became their privilege eventually to transmute the myths and rituals into philosophy and literature of such universal appeal that time has not rendered them obsolete. “The Greeks fought against time and won. They did it, strangely, by shutting out the future. The future is the enemy of timelessness, as the past, which is fixed, and the present, which is ineffable, is not.” Driver, Tom. (1990). Aristotle’s Definition of Tragedy from the Poetics [two translations] “A tragedy, then, is the imitation of an action [a drama, play or film] that is serious [no comedy] and also, as having magnitude [universal], complete in itself; in language with pleasurable accessories, each kind brought in separately in the parts of the work; in a dramatic, not in a narrative form; with incidents arousing pity and fear [in the audience], wherewith to accomplish its catharsis of such emotions.” “Tragedy, then, is an imitation of an action of high importance, complete and of some amplitude; in language enhanced by distinct and varying beauties; acted not narrated; by means of pity and fear effectuating its purgation of these emotions.” Source: (Paredes, 2014, page 24) Breaking Down Aristotle’s Concept of Tragedy Source of quotes: Tragedy: The Basics. (2004) Tragedy is a serious action [drama, no comedy]; it must be an"imitation" of real life: mimesis. Why? Because if it is an imitation of real life, the audience will connect to the drama. They will be able to relate their own lives to the lives of the fictional characters. This will “Aristotle asserts that the artist does not just copy the shifting appearances of the world, but rather imitates or represents Reality itself, and gives form and meaning to that Reality.” (As cited in Tragedy: The Basics, 2004). The drama must reveal universal themes of ontological importance [the nature of being, of being alive and existence]. This is why the Greek tragedies are still done today. We still can relate to the issues in tragedy 2,000 years after Aristotle In so doing, the artist gives shape to the universal, not the accidental. Poetry, Aristotle says, is "a more philosophical and serious business than history; for poetry speaks more of universals, history of particulars. [As cited in Tragedy: The Basics. 2004) Aristotle said that tragedy should focus on the life of one person: the hero Aristotle contests that the tragic hero has to be a man "who is eminently good and just, whose misfortune is brought about not by vice or depravity, but by some error or frailty. He is not making the hero entirely good in which he can do no wrong but misfortune.” Note the hero is not too good or too evil. Why? If too evil, the audience will reject the hero as simply a villain. If the hero is too perfect, the sadness the audience will feel for the hero at the end of the tragedy could be almost unbearable. The Hero cont. Aristotle suggests that a hero of a tragedy must evoke in the audience a sense of pity or fear, saying, “the change of fortune presented must be the spectacle of a virtuous man brought from prosperity to adversity." Aristotle stresses that the emotion of pity stems NOT from a person becoming better but when a person receives undeserved misfortune. We as the audience feel sorry or pity for the hero. Fear is felt because when the misfortune befalls a man or a woman like us, it means that it could happen to us, too. This is why Aristotle points out the simple fact that the change of fortune should be not from bad to good, but, reversely, from good to bad.” Reeves, Charles, 1952. Pg. 172-188. The Hero’s Flaw Aristotle also establishes that the hero has to be “virtuous” that is to say he has to be "a morally blameless man. The Hero’s flaw is what will bring him not success, but death by the end of the work.” Butcher, S.H. (2008). pp. 45-47. The hero’s flaw- in Greek…hamartia [ha-mar-tee-a]. In Greek tragedy, what leads to the hero’s downfall and tragedy is an aspect of his or her own personality that causes the hero to suffer. In that sense the hero creates his or her downfall rather than being the victim of something terrible. The hero might attempt to achieve a certain goal, but by making an error in judgment the hero instead achieves the opposite result with disastrous consequences. Aristotle would say that these self-destructive actions reveal the hero’s flaw – what went wrong in his or her own thinking or psychology. In Aristotle’s world the lives of people fit into the order of the universe that was governed by the gods and fate. Fate determined our paths through life; sometimes fate is good, but sometimes not. How we deal with fate in the Greek view is what determines our lives. Fate is not kind to the hero; but what causes his suffering is how he or she deals with her fate. Accept it, or fight it! The Downfall of the Hero - Tragedy As a result of his or her flaw, the tragic hero undergoes terrible circumstances during the course of the drama. Once great and noble and happy and loved, the hero experiences a decline or reversal of fortune in life. Things go badly. We would say the hero’s life has gone downhill. Aristotle called this “peripeteia” [pe-ree-pe-tay-a]. In ancient Greek tragedy, somehow the tragic hero has violated the order of things or the way the world should be. In the case of the classic Greek tragedy, Oedipus the King, the hero, learns that through a twist of fate, he wound up murdering his father and marrying his mother. This is the hero’s downfall, the reversal of the good fortune of his or her life. His flaw is excessive pride, or hubris, as Aristotle called it. Oedipus cannot accept his fate. As a result the once great and wise king becomes paranoid and accuses everyone of treachery by trying to steal his kingdom. This begins his downfall, which only becomes worse and eventually he blinds himself out of guilt. The final element of tragedy according Aristotle is called “anagnorisis” [anna-nor-ee-sis]. Anagnorisis is a moment in a play or other work when the tragic hero makes a critical discovery. The realization is that the tragic hero is responsible for his or own downfall. Anagnorisis originally meant recognition in its Greek context. It was the hero's sudden awareness of a real situation, the tragedy that he or she has caused.” To make things even worse for the tragic hero this moment of critical discovery often happens in public and results in a confession. Catharsis: a word used now on modern psychotherapy has to do with the audience and not the characters in the tragedy! This word originates from the Greek katharsis meaning "purification" or “cleansing", and it refers to the purification and purging of emotions, especially pity and fear, that the audience feels at the end of the drama. We all know this feeling. At the end of a sad, tragic movie, we are sometimes left in tears. After the movie is over, we feel relief. After all it is only a movie - a made up story. It is why we enjoy sad movies or plays. We purge the emotions, digest them and then go on to our normal lives having learned from and enjoyed the experience of tragedy. [Remember catharsis is felt by the audience, not the hero] Summary of Aristotle’s theory of tragedy Tragedy is an imitation of real life with universal meaning to all and involves a hero who has a flaw that leads to his or her downfall that ends in the hero’s recognition. The result of witnessing the tragedy is catharsis, a release of pity and fear for the hero by the audience.
Purchase answer to see full attachment
Explanation & Answer:
3 pages
User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool's honor code & terms of service.

Explanation & Answer

Attached.

Running Head: ELEMENTS OF TRAGEDY

Elements of Tragedy
Institutional Affiliation
Date

1

Running Head: ELEMENTS OF TRAGEDY

2

THESIS: Match Point uses Aristotle’s elements of tragedy by focusing on the life of the
hero, his ability to arouse negative emotions to the audience, his journey through flaws,
and eventually the downfall.
I. Topic sentence: Aristotle’s states that an all-inclusive tragedy covers the life of the hero
A. Main detail: The tragic hero just as described in Aristotle’s explanation, must
be a man who displays healthy or relatable moral behaviors.
i.

The film Match Point covers the life of Chris Wilton, who is the
tragic hero of the story.

ii.

There are other characters like Tom, Nola Chloe, and others ...


Anonymous
Just what I needed…Fantastic!

Studypool
4.7
Trustpilot
4.5
Sitejabber
4.4

Related Tags