NUR3165 University of Phoenix Research Nursing Disease Process Paper

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WILL NEED THESE DIAGNOSIS ON POWERPOINT SLIDES.

ATTACHED ARE EXAMPLES OF WHAT IT NEEDS TO LOOK LIKE.

ONE SLIDE PER DIAGNOSIS

  • Peritonsillar abscess J36
  • Epiglottitis J05.10
  • Retropharyngeal abscess J39.0
  • CNS infection A89
  • Retained foreign body Z18.9
  • Psuedomembrane of oropharynx
  • Esophageal perforation K22.3
  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome L51.1
  • Stomatitis K12.1
  • Streptococcal Pharyngitis J02.0
  • Caustic ingestion T54
  • Trismus, opisthotonos, myotonia
  • Diptheria Z22.2
  • Erythema Multiforme or desquamation L51.9
  • Tetanus A35
  • Diarrhea, proximal muscle weakness
  • Enlarged thyroid E04.9
  • Acute suppurative thyroiditis E06.0
  • Poliomyelitis Z86.12

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DIAGNOSIS                    Epiglottitis J05.10 Peritonsillar abscess J36 Retropharyngeal abscess J39.0 CNS infection A89 Retained foreign body Z18.9 Psuedomembrane of oropharynx Esophageal perforation K22.3 Stevens-Johnson syndrome L51.1 Stomatitis K12.1 Streptococcal Pharyngitis J02.0 Caustic ingestion T54 Trismus, opisthotonos, myotonia Diptheria Z22.2 Erythema Multiforme or desquamation L51.9 Tetanus A35 Diarrhea, proximal muscle weakness Enlarged thyroid E04.9 Acute suppurative thyroiditis E06.0 Poliomyelitis Z86.12 Life-threatening hypoxema
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Explanation & Answer

Attached.

Disease Presentation

Name
Institution
Course
Date

Disease Process:
Peritonsila Abscess J36 is also
known as quinsy. It produces
pus resulting from infection of
the tonsil.
Pathophysiology:
The disease is caused by
bacterial infection that follows
streptococcal pharyngitis.
Patients who previous history
of tonsillectomy do not
experience the disease.

Disease Presentation:

Subjective:

Fever

Plan for Care:
Non Pharmacological:

Taking sufficient
fluids

Pertinent Positive:

Fever


Throat pain



Troubled opening the mouth



Throat pain





Troubled opening the mouth

Objectives:

Change of voice

Pharmacological:

Removal of the
pus



Blockage of airway



Use of antibiotics



Aspiration pneumonitis



Pain medication



Use of steroids



Surgery (Incision
and drainage,
tonsillectomy,
and needle
aspiration

Incidence:
The disease is more prevalent
in the United Sates, Denmark,
and Northern Ireland. Younger
children are at a higher risk of
the complication

Diagnostic :

Medical imaging to rule out
complications

Risk Factors:
Partially treated, or untreated
episodes of acute tonsillitis
Streptococcal pharyngitis

Lifespan Consideration:
Adults:
Pregnancy:
Pediatrics:



CT Scan



Ultrasound



MRI

Bed rest

Pertinent Negative:


Blockage of airway



Aspiration pneumonitis

Disease Process:
RPA occurs on the tissues
located on the back of the
throat just behind the posterior
pharyngeal wall.
Pathophysiology:
RPA is caused by nasopharynx
infection which attacks the
sinuses, tonsils, adenoids,
middle ear, and the molar
teach. The disease is spread
through the interaction
between the retropharyngeal
space and the Parapharyngeal
space. The infection on the
retropharyngeal space can be
passed down to the posterior of
the esophagus, finding its way
to the mediastinum
Incidence:
Retropharyngeal abscess is less
common presently than in the
past. It is common among
children than adults. However,
the disease has a high frequency
among adults.
Risk Factors:
Upper respiratory infection

Disease Presentation:
Subjective:

Sore throat

Stiff neck/limited neck
mobility

drooling

Stridor
Objectives:

Enlarge cervical lymph nodes

Croup-like cough

Fever

Difficulty in swallowing

malaise
Diagnostic :

Physically examine the
temperature, blood
pressure, pulse, and
respiration

CT scan

X-Ray of the neck

Lifespan Consideration:
Adults:
Pregnancy:
Pediatrics:
Close contacts (including
children and adults)
exposed to a child
diagnosed with
epiglottitis should be
treated with prophylactic
antibiotics, such as
rifampin

Plan for Care:
Non Pharmacological:

Sufficient fluids

Bed rest
Pharmacological:

Surgical
intervention

A tonsillectomy
approach to
access and drain
the abscess

High dosage of
intravenous
antibiotics

Pertinent Positive:

Stiff neck/limited neck mobility

drooling

Stridor
Pertinent Negative:





Croup-like cough
Fever
Difficulty in swallowing
malaise

Retained foreign body Z18.9
Disease Process:
This is the technique for
removing a nasal foreign
body (NFB) that is anterior
to the pharynx and can be
visualized with a nasal
speculum.
Pathophysiology:
Central nervous system
infections is spread through
bacterial and fungal
infection such as brain
abscesses which is a
collection of pus and
infected tissue within. It
may also be spread through
bacterial meningitis when
bacterial infections enter
the bloodstream travelling
to the spinal cord and the
brain.
Incidence:
Patients with retained NFB
often present with
unilateral, foul rhinorrhea,
nosebleeds, or the request
for foreign-body removal.
This is most commonly seen
toddlers.
Risk Factors:
Plying filed
Day care centers
Handling solid objects

Disease Presentation:
Subjective:

Bleeding

Blockage of the ear,
nose, throat.

Saliva, mucous, and
tears
Objectives:

Confusion

Weakness

Paralysis
Diagnostic :

Try to identify the type
of object: organic or
inorganic

If you cannot identify
the object, do not
irrigate the nares
before removal

When the object is too
far into the nasal
turbinate/cavity or
when in doubt, do not
attempt the procedure
and refer to an
otolaryngologist.

Evaluation of the
mucosa

Lifespan
Consideration:
Adults:
Pregnancy:
Pediatrics:

Close contacts
(including
children and
adults)
exposed to a
child diagnosed
with
epiglottitis
should be
treated with
prophylactic
antibiotics,
such as
rifampin

Plan for Care:
Non Pharmacological:

The patient
should be supine.

Stabilize the
patient’s head.

Sufficient fluids

Bed rest

Supportive care

Dislodge the
foreign body with
forceful nose
blowing

Occluding the
unaffected
nostril.

Keeping the
mouth closed.

Patient lie down
or sit erect with
the head slightly
tilted.
Pharmacological:

Pain relievers

Pertinent Positive:

Coughing

Blockage of airwaves,

Blockage of the throat.

Blockage of the ear
Pertinent Negative:





Croup-like cough
Fever
Difficulty in swallowing
malaise

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome L51.1
Disease Process:
Is a rare, serious
disease that affects the
skin and mucous
membranes, It may be
an infection or a
reaction to a
medication. It begins
with flu-like symptoms
that graduate to painful
red or purplish rash
and blisters. These are
followed by the
shedding of the affected
skin.

Subjective:

Body aches

Incidence: A few days
before the occurrence
of painful blisters or
after flu-like symptoms.



Skin biopsy



Culture



Imaging

Risk Factors:

Weakened
immune system



Blood tests



HIV infection



Family history of
the disease



HLA-B*1502
gene



Cough



General ill feeling

Objective:

Raw painful skin


Rash



Blistering and
peeling of skin

Diagnostic:

Physical
examination

Pregnancy: The
condition affects
both mother and
child during
pregnancy. No
risks occur when
newborn is given
same drug that
triggered mother’s
reaction.

Pediatric: General
ill feeling, coughs,
and blisters
common among
children/
Adult/Geriatric:
Idiopathic in close
to half of the cases.
Malignancies
among adults and
elderly persons.

Pharmacological:
Pain medication to
reduce discomfort,
medication targeting
mucus membrane
and eye
inflammations,
antibiotics to address
infections. Oral
steroids, immune
globulin.
NonPharmacological:
Supportive care

Pertinent Positive:

Swollen palms and membranes


Itching



Rash: reddish or purplish skin
inflammations.

Pertinent Negative:

Headache


Cough



Assymptomatic

Psuedomembrane of oropharynx
Disease Process:
Pathophysiology:

Ingesting drugs and foods
that promote LES
relaxation.
Incidence:

Increased abdominal
pressure from tight clothes,
straining to lift or defecate,
or swallowing air
Risk Factors:

Obesity.

Consuming large meals

Pregnancy

Immature, weak sphincter
in newborns.

Emotional stress.

Smoking.

Ingestion of caustic agents
such as lye

Infection by agents, such as
Candida, herpes simplex, or
cytomegalovirus

Disease Presentation:
Subjective:

Heartburn

Regurgitation of fluid or food.

Chest pain.
Objectives:

Dysphagia (difficulty
swallowing)

Unintentional weight loss

Melena (black feces/blood
stool).

Odynophagia (painful
swallowing)

Severe symptoms
Diagnostic :

Check pulse, respirations, blood
pressure, and weight.

General observation of
respiratory distress, including
stridor.

Inspect, Auscultate, Palpate

Perform rectal examination.

Clinical examination and
history.

Endoscopy with biopsy.

Ambulatory 24-hour pH
monitoring.

Upper GI series or barium
contrast radiography is not
used to diagnose GERD.

Esophageal manometry is not
used for the diagnosis of GERD.

Guaiac test for occult blood:

Lifespan Consideration:
Adults:
Reduction/relief of
symptoms and healing of
erosive esophagitis (EE).
Pregnancy:
No signs in pregnancy
Pediatrics:

Predominant upper
abdominal pain.

Hematemesis.

Plan for Care:
Non Pharmacological:

Sufficient fluid intake
and bed rest
Pharmacological:

Reduction/relief of
symptoms and healing
of erosive esophagitis
(EE).

Histamine-2 receptor
antagonists (H2
blockers).

PPIs are used for both
GERD and EE and are
considered the “gold
standard” of treatment

Pertinent Positive:

Nocturnal aspiration, water or “a...


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