Grantham University Post Traumatic Stress Presentation

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Humanities

Grantham University

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I HAVE ATTACHED MY PREVIOUS ASSIGNMENTS TO REFERENCE TO...YOU MUST STICK TO MY PTSD TOPIC

For this activity, you will put together a PowerPoint presentation to teach your classmates the main points of your chosen topic and the related theories of psychology. You may compare and contrast as many theories as you would like to include in your presentation. The minimum is two.

*** Use the topic of your project as the title of your paper (not your name or the name of the assignment or anything else).

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Include at least the following sections, each on a separate slide, and each with a separate heading:

- Title

- Introduction

- Description of topic

- Lessons learned from the survey and peer feedback (This is NOT a summary of the results, do not discuss or explain what people answered or not.) (This must be an analysis and reflection of what YOU learned from the experience of writing a survey and how this experience contributed to your understanding of the topic and the knowledge it contributed to your project.)

- Explanation of theory one

- Explanation of theory two

- (Explanation of any other theories if you include more than two)

- Compare and contrast the theories

- Explain the relevance of the theories to your topic and the field of psychology

- Conclusion

- References: The sources you used in APA format related to the topic of your project. Use at least five/six PRIMARY sources to support your work. Do not include the textbook.

Your presentation must include a minimum of 10 slides (using each of the headings listed above) and up to a maximum of 20 slides.

You must use professional, peer reviewed journal articles to support your work. The rigors of a research project demand that you include only primary sources in your project, these are current journal articles from acceptable journal sources. The library can help you with this, ask for their help. Do not include the textbook.

Your presentation must be written and documented according to the standards of the 6th edition of the APA manual. Start with a title slide and end with a reference slide. Use numerous headings and subheadings to organize, label, and separate each different part of the presentation.

IMPORTANT: You must upload your presentation to the classroom two times:

Unformatted Attachment Preview

Survey Information The topic is about Post-traumatic Stress (PTSD) and the psychological processes that take place in the brain of a victim who has PTSD. Post-Traumatic Stress is often associated with invasive thoughts, including repeated involuntary memories and flashbacks of a traumatic event. While many people who have PTSD strive to direct their thoughts away from the events, the after-effects of the traumatic event become persistent in their dreams and everyday activities, often leading to isolation. Patients who have PTSD undergo changes in the anatomy and neurophysiology of their brain. The part of the brain involved in regulating fear and emotions tends to overreact in people suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress. Notably, PTSD alters the normal functioning of various brain regions, including the amygdala, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the hippocampus. The survey will address various discoveries on the functioning of the brain among healthy individuals as well as the brain response of patients suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress. The survey will also major on functional magnetic resonance imaging scans that are used to monitor the brain to discover alteration its functioning. Survey 1) FMRIS can help diagnose Post-Traumatic Stress patients. (1) Strongly Disagree (2) Disagree (3) Neutral (4) Agree (5) Strongly Agree 2) PTSD patients re-experience traumatic events (1) Strongly Disagree (2) Disagree (3) Neutral (4) Agree (5) Strongly Agree 3) PTSD patients experience unregulated emotions and fear (1) Strongly Disagree (2) Disagree (3) Neutral (4) Agree (5) Strongly Agree 4) Involuntary flashbacks and memories are symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress (1) Strongly Disagree (2) Disagree (3) Neutral (4) Agree (5) Strongly Agree 5) Post-Traumatic Stress is often triggered by reminders of the traumatic event such as people and places (1) Strongly Disagree (2) Disagree (3) Neutral (4) Agree (5) Strongly Agree 6) The environment can have an impact on PTSD patients (1) Strongly Disagree (2) Disagree (3) Neutral (4) Agree (5) Strongly Agree 7) Abnormal processing of emotions and fear is the main symptom in PTSD patients (1) Strongly Disagree (2) Disagree (3) Neutral (4) Agree (5) Strongly Agree 8) Genetics can play a major role in determining the origin of Post-Traumatic Stress in an individual (1) Strongly Disagree (2) Disagree (3) Neutral (4) Agree (5) Strongly Agree 9) Some people suffer PTSD for a short period (1) Strongly Disagree (2) Disagree (3) Neutral (4) Agree (5) Strongly Agree 10) Post-traumatic Disorder only occurs after exposure to terrifying ordeal or threatening event. (1) Strongly Disagree (2) Disagree (3) Neutral (4) Agree (5) Strongly Agree Justification 1) As opposed to many individuals’ beliefs, it is possible to diagnose PTSD patients by monitoring their brain functioning. This survey question is designed to determine if people recognize the scientific rationale of PTSD. 2) The reason for including this question was to prove that the traumatic events occur in repeated patterns among PTSD patients. In broader terms, the past traumatic experiences become recorded in the minds of the patients, only to be triggered by similar events in the future. 3) The difference between healthy individuals and PTSD patients is the degree at which these individuals experience emotions and fear. This question, therefore, provides a clear explanation of how normal people differ from PTSD patients. 4) This question provides clarification that PTSD patients experience emotions and fear without their consent. Since these events become triggered without the control of the individuals, it becomes difficult for them to control their response. 5) Without certain triggers, PTSD patients can lead a normal life and have normal reactions. However, in the exposure of specific events related to the initial traumatic events, individuals re-experience the events persistently without their control. 6) If a person’s environment is regulated, the triggers that lead to the repetition of the traumatic events in the brains of individuals can be regulated. This survey can be key to understanding the ways through which PTSD patients can be assisted to prevent their conditions from escalating. 7) With patients suffering from PTSD, fear and emotions tend to be intense as compared to those of normal individuals. For instance, a traumatic event can trigger intense fear on an individual, causing them to panic in normal situations. This aspect is different in normal individuals who have a short term experience of fear that often disappears after the traumatic event or ordeal. 8) While PTSD can occur at any age, individuals whose parents or relatives experienced PTSD may also develop the condition in their later years. As a result, the survey was structured to explain how some individuals may experience the condition at some stage in their life. 9) This survey was designed to determine if people understand that some PTSD conditions are only temporary. While many individuals have to deal with PTSD for the rest of their lives, some people experience it for a short period. The distinction between short-term and long-term experiences of PTSD may be key to determining the cure for the condition. 10) This survey will help provide information on ways through which PTSD patients can avoid triggering the traumatic experiences. This is to say that avoiding specific places and people can temporarily help regulate the condition. References Kennis, PhD, M., van Rooij, PhD, S. J., Reijnen, MSc, A., & Geuze, PhD, E. (2017). The predictive value of dorsal cingulate activity and fractional anisotropy on long‐term PTSD symptom severity. Depression and anxiety, 34(5), 410-418. Lokshina, Y., & Liberzon, I. (2017). Enhancing efficacy of PTSD treatment: role of circuits, genetics, and optimal timing. van Rooij, S. J., Stevens, J. S., Ely, T. D., Hinrichs, R., Michopoulos, V., Winters, S. J., ... & Rothbaum, B. O. (2018). The role of the hippocampus in predicting future posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in recently traumatized civilians. Biological psychiatry, 84(2), 106-115. Psychological Theories Ruby Davis September 4, 2019 Introduction There are a ton of speculations about emotional processesand this theory are significant since they Provide a Basis for Understanding the Mind and human conduct, thought, and development. By having a wide base of comprehension about the how's and why's of human conduct, we can more readily get ourselves as well as other people. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion This a physiological clarification of emotion developed by Walter Cannon and Philip Bard. Cannon-Bard theory expresses that we feel emotions and experience physiological responses, for example, trembling, and muscle pressure at the same time. For instance, when you see a venomous snake in your compound, you feel fear at the very same time that your body starts its physiological battle or-flight reaction. Although they happen simultaneously, your emotional response and your physiological response would be discrete and autonomous. This theory is significant in light of the fact that it represents neurobiological approach which relates to brain science and conduct, is a fundamental physiological (in view of how the human body functions) investigation of the mind that plans to correspond crafted by the substance and electrical driving forces in our cerebrum and sensory system to the manners in which that people act.(Dror, O. E. (2014). Schachter–Singer Theory of Emotion (Two-Factor Theory) The Schachter–Singer hypothesis sees emotions as the aftereffect of the communication between two components: physiological arousal and cognizance. The Schachter–Singer theory of emotion (otherwise called the two-factor theory) endeavors to clarify emotions as it identifies with physiological arousal. As indicated by the Schacter–Singer theory, emotion results from the collaboration between two elements: physiological arousal and cognition. All the more explicitly, this theory asserts that physiological excitement is subjectively deciphered inside the setting of every circumstance, which at last creates an enthusiastic experience. These subjective understandings — how an individual mark and comprehends what they are encountering—are framed dependent on the individual's past encounters. For instance, if you somehow managed to see a venomous snake in your lawn, the Schachter–Singer theory contends that the snake would inspire thoughtful sensory s system activation that would be subjectively marked as fear (cognizance) given the specific situation. What you would understand, at that point, would be the inclination of fear. (Cotton, J. L. 1981). This theory is important to note because emotions being a primary or secondary response would change many previous thoughts scientists had about feelings being a subconscious response. His proposal would then mean that those who have damaged, or weak autonomic response systems should feel less emotion. This would be a huge finding in the psychology field, Conclusion Overall, there is no one theory that all psychologists agree on for now. Emotions are very complicated, and not completely understood at all. There are many more questions than there are answers for why emotions occur and where they came from. References Reisenzein, R. (1983). The Schachter theory of emotion: Two decades later. Psychological bulletin, 94(2), 239. Cotton, J. L. (1981). A review of research on Schachter's theory of emotion and the misattribution of arousal. European Journal of Social Psychology, 11(4), 365-397. Dror, O. E. (2014). The Cannon–Bard thalamic theory of emotions: A brief genealogy and reappraisal. Emotion Review, 6(1), 13-20. Post-Traumatic Stress (PTSD) and the Psychological Processes that Take Place in the Brain of A Victim Who Has PTSD Ruby Davis Expected Findings Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a widespread, devastating, and can occasionally be a deadly result of experience from a profound psychosomatic trauma. Research on brain functionality has established that the brain of people experiencing PTSD is different from that of people without PTSD in two primary ways. First, people with PTSD are hyper-creative to treat compared to normal persons (Greenberg, 2019). Secondly, they have difficulties in regulating or damping down anxiety and anger (Greenberg, 2019). Compared to the brain functionality between a healthy person and those affected with PTSD, those experiencing PTSDhave responses that lead to amplified fright and irritation and reduced positive emotionality. Patients suffering from PTSD often show excess negative emotions compared to positive emotions. Studies show that this could be an outcome of a hyperactive amygdala communicating with the insula, which is a part of the brain linked with introspection and emotional consciousness (Greenberg, 2019). When left unattended and unsupported, PTSD patients experience memory relapses, and the past traumatic events come on flashing back and thus triggering negative and disturbing emotions. Effective treatment interventions and treatments exist for some individuals suffering from the disease, although these treatments and interventions are limited. Some psychotherapy suggests that repeated exposure to traumatic events helps reduce the ability of the prefrontal cortex to send more positive meaning to traumatic events (Greenberg, 2019). Other studies show that antidepressants have the same effects as psychotherapies (Greenberg, 2019). Among the recommended treatment interventions for PTSD is the Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods (fMRI)(Chen & Glover, 2015). Since its introduction, (fMRI) has grown to be a very important tool for examining cognition in both the normal and dysfunctional brain (Fenster et al., 2018). With its ability to “monitor changes in the oxygenation of brain tissue resulting from altered metabolism consequent to a task-based evoked neural response or from spontaneous fluctuations in neural activity in the absence of conscious mentation”, fMRI is an appropriate tool for diagnosing and treating patients suffering from PTSD (Chen & Glover, 2015). However, different treatment interventions may have different outcomes in treating PSTD. Outline Introduction The main contents of this part will include the significant points that will be discussed about the main topic. This part will help the audience have a grasp of the major discussion, and will also act as the attention grabber. Background information This section will include information that the audience will require to increase their awareness of the presentation's topic contents. It will also include the scope of the project. Literature review Data on the previous studies regarding the project topic will be included in this section. This will give the audience supporting data and the importance of the presentation. Methodology and analysis This section will provide an overview and the main approaches used in the project. This information will be significant in determining the reliability of the project findings. Results and discussion The major project findings will be discussed in this section. The purpose of the project will come out clearly from this section. Conclusion This section will contain the major points discussed in the project. Recommendations This part will consist of a possible suggestion for future projects on the same topic or other related ones. References Chen, J., & Glover, G. (2015). Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods. Neuropsychology Review, 25(3), 289-313. doi: 10.1007/s11065-015-9294-9 Fenster, R., Lebois, L., Ressler, K., & Suh, J. (2018). Brain circuit dysfunction in posttraumatic stress disorder: from mouse to man. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 19(9), 535-551. doi: 10.1038/s41583-018-0039-7 Greenberg, M. (2019). How PTSD and Trauma Affect Your Brain Functioning. Retrieved 21 September 2019, fromwww.psychologytoday.org/intl /the-mindful-selfexpress/201809/how-ptsd-and-trauma-affect-your-brain-functioning
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Post Traumatic Stress (PTSD)
Name of Student
Institution Affiliation
Date

Introduction


There are various processes which take place in the mind of an
individual in relation to emotional processes. This has led to the
emergence of new and many speculation while trying to explain the
emotional and psychological processes which go on.



The topic of PSTD is an issues which is affecting the processes of the
brain in a psychological order.



This condition when not considered or addressed can cause a lot of
harm to the individuals who are affected by it.



The condition of PSTD has been there fore sometime and this makes
it known by many individuals.

Topic Description


This condition is normally associated by one having invasive
thoughts which one gets including involuntary memories and
major flashbacks which make it hard for the individuals to get over
a traumatic event which took place in their lives.



The condition cause changes in the anatomy of the Individual
including the neurophysiology.



For the better understanding of the condition there has been
researches and studies which had been conducted to facilitates this.
The research has being able to be divided and shed more
knowledge on what is already known. The mind an...


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