BIO100 Boston College CH4 The Skeletal System Medical Terminology Essay

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Medical Terminology class:

Chose a disease or injury that is covered in this chapter. Consider how this condition affects the body. What challenges might face an individual who is living with this diagnosis? Imagine yourself in your future career as a sonographer and this individual is your patient. What special considerations might you take when interacting with them? See ppt attached. Power point chapter 4.

Math class:

hMathematics is all about relations and observations. It truly depends on your perspective. The difference could be small or it can be a GOOGOL (if you don't know research it), even infinite. Will we be considering ratios and proportions in this discussion focusing more on Ratios. Ratios are a form rate comparison, detailing the frequency of 2 or more quantities. Using your phone(Computer or TV). Depict the ratios that you use the apps on your phone and analyze how they help you succeed and which ones you could limit yourself on. You must have 3 ratios for credit, for example:

Email : Instagram 1: 5

Youtube : FB 8:1

Bible App : Robinhood 1:1

Then in 1 paragraph detail why this helps you succeed or what you need to change .

Just answer question 1, and 2. Short answer, no work cited. Each answer half page. Total one page, this is weekly discussion post answer.


BIO 100 question, just one page. Answer 1,2,3, and replay one student see word doc.

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  • Bottom of Form

1. Have you ever broken a bone? Which bone was it? What type of fracture was it?

2. If you haven't broken a bone, what are some ways we can strengthen bones?

3. Bones are constantly remodeled as we age. What happens to bones during the aging process? How can we best prevent this?

You are also reply to posts made by your classmates:

1. Do you agree/ disagree with what they said? Why?

2. Can you contribute more information to their initial post?

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1. Medical Terminology class: Chose a disease or injury that is covered in this chapter. Consider how this condition affects the body. What challenges might face an individual who is living with this diagnosis? Imagine yourself in your future career as a sonographer and this individual is your patient. What special considerations might you take when interacting with them? See ppt attached. Power point chapter 4. 2. math class: Mathematics is all about relations and observations. It truly depends on your perspective. The difference could be small or it can be a GOOGOL (if you don't know research it), even infinite. Will we be considering ratios and proportions in this discussion focusing more on Ratios. Ratios are a form rate comparison, detailing the frequency of 2 or more quantities. Using your phone(Computer or TV). Depict the ratios that you use the apps on your phone and analyze how they help you succeed and which ones you could limit yourself on. You must have 3 ratios for credit, for example: Email : Instagram Youtube : FB 1: 5 8:1 Bible App : Robinhood 1:1 Then in 1 paragraph detail why this helps you succeed or what you need to change . Just answer question 1, and 2. Short answer, no work cited. Each answer half page. Total one page, this is weekly discussion post answer. BIO 100 question, just one page. Answer 1,2,3,4 1. Have you ever broken a bone? Which bone was it? What type of fracture was it? 2. If you haven't broken a bone, what are some ways we can strengthen bones? 3. Bones are constantly remodeled as we age. What happens to bones during the aging process? How can we best prevent this? You are also reply to posts made by your classmates: 1. Do you agree/ disagree with what they said? Why? 2. Can you contribute more information to their initial post? This is one student replay. CHAPTER 4 The Skeletal System Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-2 Learning Outcomes After studying this chapter, you will be able to: LO 4.1 Use roots, combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes to construct and analyze (deconstruct) medical terms related to the skeletal system. LO 4.2 Spell and pronounce correctly medical terms related to the skeletal system to communicate them with accuracy and precision in any health care setting. LO 4.3 Define accepted abbreviations related to the skeletal system. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-3 Learning Outcomes LO 4.4 Relate the different types of bones and their structure to their functions. LO 4.5 Describe the causes, appearances, methods of diagnosis, and treatment of bone and joint disorders and bone fractures, and their methods of healing. LO 4.6 Identify the structures of the axial skeleton and their disorders and treatments. LO 4.7 Describe the bones and joints of the shoulder girdle and upper limb and their disorders and treatments. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-4 Learning Outcomes LO 4.8 Relate the structure of the pelvic girdle, hip joint, and thigh bone to their functions and disorders and treatments. LO 4.9 Relate the structures of the knee joint, ankle, and foot to their functions and disorders and treatments. LO 4.10 Apply your knowledge of the medical terms of the skeletal system to documentation, medical records, and medical reports. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-5 Learning Outcomes LO 4.11 Translate the medical terms of the skeletal system into everyday language in order to communicate clearly with patients and their families. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-6 The Skeletal System: The Essentials of the Language of Orthopedics Lesson 4.1: Bones of the Skeletal System Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-7 Skeletal System • Health professionals treating musculoskeletal problems – orthopedic surgeons – osteopathic physicians – chiropractors – physical therapists and assistants – orthopedic technologists and technicians – podiatrists Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-8 Skeletal System • Components of the skeletal system – bones – cartilage – tendons – ligaments • Functions – support storage – protection – blood formation – mineral – detoxification – endocrine Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-9 Word Analysis and Definition • Identify and define the suffixes of the following terms: – chiropractic – chiropractor – detoxification – musculoskeletal – orthopedist – osteopathy Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-10 Word Analysis and Definition • Define the following words from Latin: – cartilage – ligament – muscle – tendon • Define these abbreviations: – MD – DC – DO – PT Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-11 Skeletal System • Structure of bones – Classification of bones • long • short • flat • irregular Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-12 Word Analysis and Definition • Give adjective forms of the following terms: – cortex cortical – medulla medullary – periosteum periosteal Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-13 Word Analysis and Definition • What is the difference in the following terms? – diaphysis Greek = growing between – epiphysis epi- = upon -physis = growth Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-14 Skeletal System • Diseases of the bone © Dr. Michael Klein/Peter Arnold, Inc. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-15 Word Analysis and Definition • Define these terms having a common root: – osteogenesis – osteomalacia – osteomyelitis – osteopenia – osteoporosis Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-16 Word Analysis and Definition • Identify and define the suffixes from the following terms: – achondroplasia – sarcoma Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-17 Word Analysis and Definition • Define the following abbreviations: – BMD – DEXA – FDA – IU Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-18 Skeletal System • Bone fractures – Types of fractures • See Figure 4.6 and Table 4.1 – Healing of fractures • See Figure 4.7 Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-19 Word Analysis and Definition • Describe the differences in the following fractures: – closed vs. open fracture – complete vs. incomplete – pathologic vs. compression Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-20 Word Analysis and Definition • Describe the similarities and differences in the following terms: – osteocyte – osteoblast – osteoclast – osteogenesis Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-21 The Skeletal System: The Essentials of the Language of Orthopedics Lesson 4.2: Axial Skeleton Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-22 Axial Skeleton • Structure of axial skeleton – vertebral column Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-23 Axial Skeleton • Structure of axial skeleton – vertebral column 1. vertebrae 2. intervertebral discs 3. spinal cord Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-24 Word Analysis and Definition • Define the term and write the adjective form: – sacrum sacral – spine spinal – vertebrae vertebral Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-25 Word Analysis and Definition • How are the following terms related? – kyphosis – lordosis – scoliosis Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-26 Axial Skeleton • The skull and face – cranial cavity Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-27 Word Analysis and Definition • Define the following words from Latin, Greek, or French origin: – cranium – mandible – maxilla – zygoma Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-28 Word Analysis and Definition • Identify and define the root in the following terms: – palatine – parietal – sphenoid – temporal – ethmoid Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-29 Word Analysis and Definition • Define the following abbreviations: – C5 – C5-C6 – T12 – MRI – TMJ Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-30 The Skeletal System: The Essentials of the Language of Orthopedics Lesson 4.3: Bones and Joints of the Shoulder Girdle and Upper Limb Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-31 Bones and Joints of the Shoulder Girdle and Upper Limb • Shoulder girdle and upper arm Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-32 Bones and Joints of the Shoulder Girdle and Upper Limb • Shoulder girdle – Common disorders of the shoulder 1. shoulder separation 2. shoulder dislocation 3. shoulder subluxation Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-33 Word Analysis and Definition • Identify and define the root in the following terms: – articulate – dislocation – pectoral – subluxation Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-34 Bones and Joints of the Shoulder Girdle and Upper Limb • Upper arm and elbow joint – Common disorders of the elbow 1. tennis elbow 2. bursitis 3. bone fractures Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-35 Word Analysis and Definition • Deconstruct the following terms into their elements: – pronation – supination – capitulum – aspiration – trochlear Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-36 Bones and Joints of the Shoulder Girdle and Upper Limb • Forearm, wrist, and hand – bones Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-37 Bones and Joints of the Shoulder Girdle and Upper Limb • Forearm, wrist, and hand – Common disorders of the wrist 1. ganglion cyst 2. stenosing tenosynovitis 3. carpal tunnel syndrome 4. Colles fracture Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-38 Bones and Joints of the Shoulder Girdle and Upper Limb • Forearm, wrist, and hand – Common disorders of the wrist 1. carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) – Common disorders of the hand 1. osteoarthritis (OA) - Heberden nodes 2. rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-39 Word Analysis and Definition • Define the following root elements: – arthr – carp – oste/o – ten/o – phalang/e Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-40 Word Analysis and Definition • Define the following abbreviations: – CTS – OA – RA – po – prn Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-41 The Skeletal System: The Essentials of the Language of Orthopedics Lesson 4.4: Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-42 Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb • Pelvic girdle – Structure (see Figure 4.17) – Functions 1. Supports the axial skeleton 2. Transmits the upper body’s weight to the lower limbs 3. Provides attachments for the lower limbs 4. Protects internal reproductive organs, urinary bladder, and distal segment of the large intestine Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-43 Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb • Pelvic girdle – Disorders of the pelvic girdle 1. sacroiliac joint strain 2. diastasis symphysis pubis Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-44 Word Analysis and Definition • Define each term and write it in the adjective form: – femur femoral – pelvis pelvic – pubis pubic Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-45 Word Analysis and Definition • Define each term and write it in the adjective form: – ischium ischial – sacrum sacral Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-46 Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb • Bones and joints of the hip and thigh – Disorders and injuries of the hip joint 1. hip pointer 2. osteoarthritis 3. rheumatoid arthritis 4. avascular necrosis 5. fractures Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-47 Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb • The knee joint – Bones 1. femur 2. tibia 3. patella 4. fibula Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-48 Word Analysis and Definition • Put the terms in correct anatomical order from head to toe: – tibia – femur – pubis – fibula – patella Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-49 Word Analysis and Definition • Define each term and write it in the plural form: – meniscus menisci – patella patellae Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-50 Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb • The knee joint – Surgical procedures of the knee • arthrocentesis • arthroscopy • total knee replacement © Charles McRae, M.D./Visuals Unlimited Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-51 Word Analysis and Definition • Identify and define the root and suffix of the following terms: – arthrocentesis – arthrodesis – arthrography – arthroplasty – arthroscopy Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-52 Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb • Bones and joints of the lower leg, ankle, and foot – Disorders of the ankle and foot 1. bunions 2. strains and sprains 3. Pott fracture Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-53 Word Analysis and Definition • Give the common name of the following medical terms: – calcaneus – talus – tarsus – metatarsus – phalanges Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-54 The Skeletal System: The Essentials of the Language of Orthopedics Lesson 4.5: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures for Bone Disorders Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-55 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures for Bone Disorders • Diagnostic procedures for metabolic bone disorders – bone mineral density (BMD) – nuclear bone scan – blood tests – bone biopsy Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-56 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures for Bone Disorders • Diagnostic procedures for bone cancer – X-ray – CT scan – MRI – PET Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-57 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures for Bone Disorders • Therapeutic procedures for bone disorders – surgery – chemotherapy – radiotherapy – cryosurgery – drug therapy Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4-58 Word Analysis and Definition • Deconstruct the following terms into their elements: – amputation – biopsy – chemotherapy – radiotherapy Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 1-59 Final Word • The skeleton supports and protects your organ systems. • Understanding the surface anatomy of bones and their markings will enable you to describe and document the sites of symptoms, signs, and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. • The axial skeleton includes the vertebral column, skull, and rib cage. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 1-60 Final Word • The appendicular skeleton forms the bones and joints of the shoulder girdle and upper limb as well as bones and joints of the pelvic girdle and lower limb. • The procedures and methods, other than clinical examination, that are used to assess, diagnose, and treat bone disorders, including bone cancer, can be complicated and expensive. • Treatment can also cause unpleasant side effects. Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
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Attached.

Running Head: MEDICAL TERINALOGY

1

Bio 100 Short Answer, Medical Terminology, and Math Discussion
Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

2
Medical Terminology

One of the most common bone conditions is osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is the condition
where the density and the strength of bones decrease significantly predisposing one to fragile
bones. Osteoporosis causes bones to be easily compressible like spongy. An individual suffering
from osteoporosis must be very keen on what he eat, the activities he gets involved and anything
he does because the bones easily crack, and the probability of fractures is higher, especially hip
fracture. It also leads to considerable pain, and low quality of life, reduced activity, and possible
disability.
As a sonographer, I understand the risks that someone suffering from osteoporosis is
exposed, including fractures, cracking, and falls. While attending to an individual with
osteoporosis, I will not use the x-ray to mea...


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