biology lab report

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Look to the 5 upload papers and the questions its the only things needs to be answered DON'T draw the 4 boxes. and question 1 and 2 need to look and answer it from figures that i have upload it too.

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4 Cells Data Sheet Name Section Professor Date Pre-Lab List the pages in your textbook that relate to this experiment: 1. What are the functions of the Paramecium parts in Figure 4-6? List here: 2. What are the functions of the cell parts in Figure 4-7? List here: 3. What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? 4. State the function of: a. mitochondria b. chloroplasts C. nuclei d. lysosomes DATA SHEET 53 LABORATORY 4 1 CELLS 5. What is the evidence for endosymbiosis? 6. Do plant cells have mitochondria? 7. Compare and contrast a typical plant cell and an animal cells? 8. Are higher plants prokaryotic or eukaryotic organisms? Post-Lab Draw and label the cells observed: A. PLANT CELLS Cell Polo chloroplast cytoplasma Nich Elodea leaf Onion epidermis B. PROTISTS nuck as large Paramecium Euglena Nucledus 154 DATA SHEET Nosleus C. BACTERIA Anabaena Mixed bacteria D. ANIMAL CELLS Normal Sickle Cell Motor neuron Blood smear E. FUNGAL CELLS Peziza ORATORY 4 I CELLS Power Questions 1. Why did you not observe chloroplasts in the onion epidermis? 2. What is the function of cell walls? Name the cells that did not have cell walls. Why did the Paramecium not have a cell wall? 3. The Anabaena, Euglena, and Elodea all are green. Do they all have chloroplasts? Chlorophyll? Why or why not? 4. Red blood cells do not have a nucleus. Are they eukaryotic or prokaryotic? Why? B. Protists, the Most Simple Eukoryotes Materials Required Live cultures of Paramecium and Euglena • Slides . Coverslips Dropper Methylcellulose (“Protoslo") 1. Use a dropper to draw up Paramecium from the culture container and place the drop on a clean slide. Cover with a coverslip and view under the microscope. Look for a tiny object moving around on the slide. Move to the next higher objective and observe the cilia all around the Paramecium. Add a drop of methylcellulose under the cov- erslip to retard the movement of the para- mecia. It may be easier to observe them as they cannot move around fast anymore. Draw and label the protist (Paramecium, cilia) in Data Sheet 4. • Procedure PARAMECIUM Paramecia are unicellular protists. They live in fresh water and move with the help of cilia. These are tiny, hairlike structures all over the surface of the cell (seen in Figure 4-6). anterior end Pellicle Ectoplasm Endoplasm Trichocysts Micronucleus 100 pm Macronucleus Oral groove Cytostome ?חוק) Cytopharynx 10 Cilia Forming food vacuole Anal pore Food vacuole Contractile vacuole with radiating canals posterior end Figure 4-6. Paramecium EUGLENA Euglena (seen in Figure 4-5 and Figure 4-7) is a fascinating unicellular protist. It can move using flagellum. It can also photosynthesize like plants as it has chloroplasts. . C. Bacteria: Prokaryotes Materials Required Anabaena culture Demonstration slide of Gram-stained mixed bacteria . Slides Coverslips 1. Place a few drops of the Euglena culture on a clean slide and cover with a coverslip. Observe the green protists. Look for the flagellum located at the narrow end of the pear-shaped cell. Draw and label the protist (Euglena, chloroplast, flagellum) in Data Sheet 4. Procedure ANABAENA Anabaena (seen in Figure 4-8) is a green bac- terium. Each bacterium looks like a green bead. Many of these "beads” are arranged in a chain. The green color is due to the presence of chlorophyll. 1. Place a drop of the Anabena culture on a clean slide and cover with a coverslip. Observe the cells arranged like a string or necklace of green beads. Note that the cells are approximately the size of the chloroplasts you observed in the Elodea. Draw and label the cells (green bacterial cells) in Data Sheet 4. Pellicle Eyespot Flagellum Endosome Chloroplast Reservoir Pyrenoid Mitochondrion Contractile vacuole Nucleus O Paramylon Phospholipid vesicles Hayden-McNeil, LLC Figure 4-7. The Euglena protist
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