BUSN311 WEEK 7 APU Ethical Dilemma in Boeing 737 Max Crash Essay

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Essay topic: Reflecting on the concepts in the course, select and research one (1) of the company situations listed below and discuss the legal and ethical issues surrounding it. A citation for each company is provided to get you started and you may use this citation as one of your sources. You must include APA in-text citations as well as full citations in an APA-formatted Reference list at the end of the paper.

Your essay should include the following, organized in your paper using headings with logical and smooth transitions.

1) A well-stated introduction that

  • identifies the company,
  • briefly explains the company's legal and ethical problem, and
  • provides a thesis statement for the paper that provides the reader a well-conceived approach or practical perspective on the problem presented by the company's situation. This will demonstrate more than one academic topic is covered.

2) Discuss how the philosophy of economist Milton Friedman's shareholder or free market ethics may have influenced the leadership of the company.

3) Identify and define another ethical framework that the company leadership could have utilized in this situation and explain how this ethical framework would have led to a different result. Explain specifically how the company effectively would have employed this framework.

4) Identify and apply three general legal topics that are discussed in the required readings this term. Fully define these principles and analyze their application to your chosen company's issues and circumstances. Include in-text citations to the course materials, as failing to cite your sources will result loss of credit in this section. NOTE: The required readings are listed in the Lessons section for each week under "Required Readings" plus any other sources that may have be assigned during the course.

The Rubric is attached to these Assignment instructions. Also provided for you is a Sample Paper Outline and APA Writing Tips PPT for formatting your paper.

COMPANIES - SELECT ONE (1) OF THESE COMPANIES/SITUATIONS FOR YOUR ESSAY

Length of paper: The exemplary level of the Rubric provides length at 1800-2300 words.

Sources: At least 7 credible sources should support your essay.

Submit this essay as a Microsoft Word document attachment in this Assignment section of the class, no later than 11:59 pm ET Sunday of week seven. A sample outline is attached to help you organize your paper.

Cite your sources in APA format. An abstract is not needed and will not count in your word count. I have attached an APA Paper-Writing Tips (also in Resources). This is an APA Guidelines PPT on setting up your paper and formatting APA citations. Use this for your Paper title page especially. Another great source for APA formatting is http://www.apastyle.org/learn/tutorials/basics-tutorial.aspx. Also there is the Purdue OWL online. All material must be appropriately cited with an APA in-text citation and a complete reference page listing.

UNORIGINAL CONTENT ALERT: Please use your Turn It In Report -- See Announcements.

GRADING: This paper will be graded according to the iRubric. Your paper must be submitted in MS WORD.

Supporting Materials

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American Public University System American Military University American Public University APA Style and Formatting THIS MODULE IS DESIGNED TO SHOW THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF APA STYLE WRITING AND PROVIDE EXAMPLES OF APPROPRIATE APA GUIDELINES SIXTH EDITION OF THE APA MANUAL Updated 12/09 APA STYLE AND FORMATTING This module is designed to show the basic elements of APA style writing and provide examples of appropriate APA guidelines; however, it is not intended as an exhaustive reference guide. (Sixth Edition - 2010) WHY USE APA? APA writing style is used to assist in the formatting and organization of written work for the presentation of ideas APA rules permit uniformity of many styles to one consistent style APA (Sixth Edition – effective 2010) has broadened its audience since it is consulted not only by psychologists but also by students & researchers in many fields such as business, education, social work, nursing and many other behavioral and social sciences BASIC APA PAPER CONSIST OF: The title page  Abstract (optional – ask instructor)  Text of the paper  Reference page  THE TITLE PAGE APA requires five basic elements to your title page: Running head is aligned on the left margin on the same line as page number (page number is flush right margin). Should read “Running head: Notice the Running head is flush left and the page number is flush right on the same line. They are permanent. (NOTE: “Running head:” should appear before the short title in the header on the title page only. Thereafter, the short title should appear in the header on its own appearing on each page of the paper with only page numbers changing). The title should be no more than 12 words in length and should not contain abbreviations. All letters of the title are capitalized. Headers must be PERMANENT. The Title page is always page 1. “Running head:” should appear before the short title in the header on the title page only. Thereafter, the short title should appear in the header on its own. Running head: TITLE OF PAPER Title of Paper 1 2. Title should typed in upper and lower letters, centered and positioned in the upper half of page Author's Name American Public University 3. Author’s Name 4. Institution affiliation Note: We require you also add course, professor name and date – See next slide. The Cover Page (or Title Page) is always page 1. #5: Sixth Edition requires an author’s note which is not needed for essay papers. ELEMENTS OF THE HEADER Elements of the running head:  Make sure the words Running head are written out.  The word Running is capitalized, but the word head is not.  Place a colon (:) following the word head.  The running head title (not to exceed 50 characters, including spaces and punctuation) is written in all capital letters.  The number of the page should be on the same line flush right. TITLE The title is typed in uppercase and lowercase letters and must be centered in the upper half of your cover page. Capitalize the significant words of the title. Do not capitalize words such as: the, in, of, or, and, unless the word is the first word in the title. If the title contains two lines of text, double spacing between the lines is required. BYLINE, AFFILIATION, COURSE INSTRUCTOR, AND DATE Byline refers to the name of the person who is submitting the paper. Type the byline in upper and lower case letters directly below the title and centered on the page. Following the student name, the student number should be listed in parenthesis. Example: Wesley G. Smith (001435) Affiliation refers to the institution for which the paper was created. The affiliation is the name of the university. Type the affiliation in upper and lower case letters directly below the byline and centered on the page. Example: American Military University Add the Name of the Course next. Example: BUSN310 Type the instructor’s name in upper and lower case letters below the affiliation information. Example: Professor Marie Bolyard Type the date directly below the instructor name. Example: 03/10/2019 ABSTRACT Some papers require an Abstract Running head is permanent, therefore, will appear at the top of the page. The word “Abstract” is centered on the page TITLE OF PAPER 2 Abstract No indention is needed. This is one of the few times an indent is not required The length of the abstract should Be one paragraph and consist of 150-250 words This is a summary, not an introduction of the paper. This is one of the few times an indent is not required. The length of the abstract is one paragraph (double spaced) and should consist of 150-250 words. The Abstract page is always number 2 The abstract (in block format) begins on the line following the Abstract heading. The abstract is a one-paragraph, self-contained summary of the most important elements of the paper. BASIC WRITING COMPONENTS  Title: Name your paper. The title can “hook” your readers.  Introduction Paragraph: Tell the readers what you are about to tell them. The thesis statement is often the last sentence of the first paragraph.  Thesis Statement: Essentially, a thesis statement answers the question, "What do I want my readers to know after they have read my essay?"  Body: Tell them what you want to tell them. The number of paragraphs will depend on the length and complexity of your paper.  Concluding Paragraph: Tell your readers what you have just told them. This is a short summary. You should not introduce any new information. WRITING TIPS  Brainstorming: Before beginning to write, take the time to put your ideas on paper. Mind-mapping and list-making are two useful brainstorming techniques.  Organizing: Plan your paper or assignment. This may be as simple as a chronological list of your points or as elaborate as a formal outline.  Multiple Drafts: Professional writers create multiple drafts of their writing. You should too.  Extra Time: Quality writing takes time – lots of time. Build in a cushion of extra time.  Allow Time Between Drafts: While a break of twenty-four hours or more is ideal, a thirty minute break will yield positive results.  Help From Others: Being mindful of plagiarism and academic honesty, request proofreading help. WRITING TIPS  Use Formal Voice: Academic writing is more formal than casual conversations, emails, and instant messages.  Complete Sentences: Write in complete sentences. Complete sentences contain both subjects and verbs.  Subject-Verb Agreement: Be sure your subject and verb agree. For example, “we are” rather than “we is,” “they did” rather than “they done.”  Verb Tense and Active Voice: Limit shifts in verb tense, and use active voice rather than passive voice.  Awkward Phrasing: Use standard English phrasing. For example, “try to do” rather than “try and do,” “we went” rather than “us went.”  Long Paragraphs Preferred: Be sure your ideas are fully developed in each of your paragraphs. This usually results in paragraphs of five or more sentences. WRITING TIPS  Full Wording Rather Than Contractions: Convert contractions to their complete word-partner. For example: ▪ it’s = it is ▪ won’t = will not ▪ haven’t = have not  Homonyms: Homonyms are words that sound alike but are spelled differently and have different definitions. For example, new and knew, your and you’re, and know and no.  Non-words: Ensure that all your words are standard English words. For example, “alot” is not a word.  Frequently Misspelled Words: Be alert for commonly confused words. For example, possess and posses, a lot and allot, definitely and defiantly, and their and there.  etc.: Avoid using etc. at the end of a list unless it is part of the quotation. WRITING TIPS  You, your, yourself: Except when an informal conversational tone is desired, avoid using 2nd person "you, your, and yourself, and the like.  Parenthesis: Parentheses are most often used in citations. Before using them in other applications, consult the APA handbook for guidance.  Commas and Introductory Phrases: Usually commas are placed between an introductory phrase and the main sentence; however, commas are rarely used to separate a concluding phrase.  Colon: Colons should only be used when the introductory phrase is a complete sentence.  Semicolon: Semicolons are used to either connect two complete sentences, or to connect a list that contains commas.  Slashes: Use dashes rather than slashes. WRITING TIPS  Punctuation when ending a Quote: If quotation is at the end of a sentence, close quote with quotation marks, cite the source in parentheses, and end with a period or other punctuation outside the final parenthesis. If quote is in midsentence, close quote with quotation marks, cite the source immediately after the quotation marks, and continue the sentence. (6.03)  Question Marks and Quotation Marks: Place question marks outside the quotation mark unless the question mark is part of the quotation.  Single Quotation Marks: The only time you use single quotation marks is inside of double quotation marks.  Exclamation Points: Exclamation points should not be used unless the exclamation point is part of a quotation.  Titles of Books and Magazines: Italicize the title of books and magazines.  Bold: Use italicizing to emphasize words rather than Bold Type Style. SPELL-CHECKER, GRAMMAR-CHECKER, AND YOU Use your word processor’s spell-checker and grammar-checker to catch common mistakes. Remember, these are tools and neither is perfect. Spell-checkers identify the words in its dictionary but can not identify correct contextual spelling. Grammar-checkers may fail to identify incorrect punctuation or usage. It may also highlight correct usage and punctuation. You must follow along behind them to ensure that the spelling and grammar are correct. BODY OF THE PAPER The body must conform to many guidelines: Running head: TITLE OF PAPER Margins are set at 1 inch at top, bottom, left and right All text is double spaced Clearly visible type, i.e. 12 point Times Roman 3 Title of paper centered Body of the paper requires many set rules and guidelines. The examples shown are not to scale, therefore, you must visit the online library for exact placement within your paper. Center the title at the top of page. The title is written in uppercase and lowercase letters. Helpful tips: *Tables (if applicable) are numbered sequentially and labeled Paragraphs are indented ½ inch Be sure to consult all APA guidelines in all aspects of your paper. *Illustrations are also individually numbered and treated like tables GENERAL FORMATTING INFORMATION Begin writing your paper on page two unless there is an Abstract or Table of Contents (the cover page is page one). The page header on the top right hand side must reflect page two, along with the running head. Center the title at the top of page two. The title is written in uppercase and lowercase letters. Margins are set at one inch (top, bottom, left, and right). Double space the entire paper. Use a typeface of 12-point Times New Roman Indent the first line of every paragraph five spaces or ½ inch. Type the entire paper left aligned. WRITING THE PAPER  APA writing should be straightforward with an active voice – i.e., “Jones developed the project..” instead of passive voice – i.e. “The project was developed by Jones…”  Use past tense when describing earlier research  Spell out on first use of an acronym (example: American Military University (AMU) – first use. Next time referenced in paper use AMU). QUOTES OF 40 WORDS OR MORE  Block quotations of 40 words or more: Indent (as if a new paragraph) and continue to make each line of the quote begin in the same place, creating a straight line on the left side of the quotation, while the right side is jagged. If more than one paragraph for the blocked quote, indent the first line of each paragraph an additional half inch. Double space entire quote.  Do NOT use quotation marks for the entire block quotation. For quotations within that quotation, use normal quotation marks, not single ones.  Remember, you must still give credit for the source. Place periods or commas within quotation marks when they are part of the quoted material. At end of quote, place period then page number. Example: …… placebo effect. (p. 276) CITATIONS – GIVING CREDIT WHERE CREDIT IS DUE    It is very important to give proper credit when words or thoughts are not ours originally. Citing the source means mentioning the author/s within the text so the reader can look up the source at the back of the paper. APA has very specific ways this must be done. The model must be followed exactly. With a little practice, citing sources gets easier! Approximately 14 million women in the United States are battling with the disease Anorexia Nervosa, AN, which is described as “one of the least understood and most intractable of all mental illnesses” (Schindehette, Sandler, Nelson & Seaman, 2003, p. 136). – this is an example of a direct quote. Many of the victims of this disease will battle it for the rest of their lives. However, if AN is diagnosed early, during the teen years, it is possible to cure it with appropriate treatment (Cooper, 2001). – this is an example of a paraphrase PARENTHETICAL CITATIONS APA relies on in-text citations within the narrative. Quotations call for the addition of pagination at the end of the quote (p. #) and can take two forms: - Author mentioned: According to Shakespeare (1598),"The quality of mercy is not strained" (pp. 63-64). - Author not mentioned: As indicated, "If they prick me, do I not bleed" (Shakespeare, 1598, p. 82). Paraphrasing does not require the addition of pagination indicators, but these are encouraged. GUIDELINES FOR CITING REFERENCES  Keep the format simple  No retrieval dates needed unless the source material may change over time.  For electronic references, give the DOI, if assigned. Database names are not needed.  If no DOI assigned, provide the URL of the journal or book publisher.  Discontinued journals, monographs, dissertations, or papers not formally published (archival documents), give the URL for the online archive. THE DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER (DOI)  The digital object identifier (DOI) is an alphanumeric string identifying content providing a link to location on the Internet. Give DOI for journal articles, books, or book chapters accessed online. No period at the end of the string. Do not use the phrase retrieved from. Do not give a retrieval date. The DOI is typically located on the first page of the electronic journal article, near the copyright notice. Lee, C. (2009, September 21). Re: A DOI Primer [Web log message]. VERIFYING A DOI    If you wish to verify a DOI you can: Consult a DOI resolver, such as the one supplied by CrossRef.org. Copy and paste the alphanumeric DOI string (e.g., 10.1037/a0015859) into the DOI resolver and click submit. Or, you can append the DOI string to http://dx.doi.org/ (as in http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0015859) and copy that straight into your browser’s address bar. Lee, C. (2009, September 21). Re: A DOI Primer [Web log message]. TO SEARCH FOR A DOI  To search for DOIs, use CrossRef. The free DOI lookup (http://www.crossref.org/guestquery/ ) searches for DOIs using information such as article title, authors, and publisher information.  Or cut and paste your entire reference list into the Simple Text Query form (http://www.crossref.org/SimpleTextQuery/) and CrossRef will return all available DOIs at once. Lee, C. (2009, September 21). Re: A DOI Primer [Web log message]. REFERENCE PAGE The word “References” should appear at the top center of the page. Entries are double spaced with the top line justified to the left margin. Additional lines of each reference are 0.5” indented (hanging indent). This should be set up in your WORD Paragraph settings, not manually manipulated on the keyboard. Sources are listed alphabetically. Example: References Stielow, F. J. (2003). Building digital archives. New York: Neal- Schuman. REFERENCES ARE ALPHABETIZED References are in alphabetical order by author(s) last name on the reference page; list last name, then first initial only. If no author is provided, use the first character of the title. Only list the last name of an author or authors followed by initials for the first and middle names. Do not write out first and middle names. For example: Marcia L. Conner would be listed as Conner, M. L. or Conner, M. Do not list the author as anonymous or unknown unless that is the way the author is listed on the source. Start the cite with the title as stated above. INSERT THE PUBLICATION DATE IN PARENTHESES FOLLOWING THE AUTHOR. Insert the publication date in parentheses following the author or the title if that is the first item of the citation. The date (in parentheses is always the second part of a reference). List the date as follows: (year). For example: (2009). (year, month). For example: (2007, January). Note: Do not use month abbreviations. (year, month day). For example: (1998, June 16). (n.d.). Use n.d. for works which do not contain a publication date. WHAT TO ITALICIZE Italicize the name of books, journals, and magazines, but do not italicize the name of an article. For example: Book: Learn more now: 10 simple ways to learning better, smarter & faster. Journal: Journal of Social Psychology Magazine: Newsweek EXAMPLE OF A BOOK REFERENCE Last name, Initial. (yyyy published). Book title. Place of Publication: Publisher. Example: Stielow, F. J. (2003). Building digital archives. New York: NealSchuman. EXAMPLE BOOK REFERENCE FROM WEBSITE Last name, Initial. (yyyy published). Book title. Retrieved from http://www.xxx Example: Stielow, F. J. (2003). Building digital archives. Retrieved from http://www.xxx Note: Database names are no longer needed such as ProQuest or EBSCO. Date of Retrieval is no longer included. ALSO – Although retrieved from online, if book place of publication and publisher is available, still include in citation after the book title. Then dd the “Retrieved from….” EXAMPLE BOOK REFERENCE W/DOI Last name, Initials. (yyyy published). Book title. doi:xxxxx Example: Stielow, F. J. (2003). Building digital archives. doi:xxxxx Note: For electronic references, give the DOI, if assigned. Database names are no longer needed such as ProQuest or EBSCO. Also, of book publish place and publisher available, include in cite after title as with standard book cite, followed by the doi EXAMPLE OF A REFERENCE FOR A JOURNAL ARTICLE Last name, Initial. (yyyy of journal volume). Article title. Journal, volume number, (issue number), first-last page Example: Roy, A.J. (1982). Suicide in chronic schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 96(1), 171-177 It should be noted using the words Volume or Vol., Issue or Iss., or Pages, p. or pp. are not acceptable in the citation. Also, the journal title and volume number are italicized. EXAMPLE REFERENCE JOURNAL ARTICLE W/DOI Last name, Initials. (yyyy of journal volume). Article title. Journal, volume number, (issue number), pages. doi: xx.xxxxx Roy, A.J. (1982). Suicide in chronic schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 96(1), 171-177. doi: xx.xxxx Note: For electronic references, give the DOI, if assigned. Database names are no longer needed such as ProQuest or EBSCO. It should be noted using the words Volume or Vol., Issue or Iss., or Pages, p. or pp. are not acceptable in the citation. Also, the journal title and volume number are italicized. EXAMPLE REFERENCE JOURNAL ARTICLE W/OUT DOI Last name, Initials. (yyyy of journal volume). Article title. Journal, volume number, (issue number), pages. Retrieved from http://xxxxxxx Roy, A.J. (1982). Suicide in chronic schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 96(1), 171-177. Retrieved from http://xxxxxxx Note: If no DOI assigned, provide the URL of the journal or book publisher. Database names are no longer needed such as ProQuest or EBSCO. It should be noted using the words Volume or Vol., Issue or Iss., or Pages, p. or pp. are not acceptable in the citation. ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES The Sixth Edition, 2nd printing of the APA Manual has many examples of the various types of references including: periodicals, books, technical & research reports, meetings & symposia, doctoral dissertations & master’s theses, reviews & peer commentary, audiovisual media, data sets, software, internet message boards, electronic mailing lists and other sources. A good short cut source for the full Manual is Purdue’s THE OWL website/APA section at https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting _and_style_guide/general_format.html BUSN 311 Week 7 Paper – Sample Outline for Organizing the Elements of your Paper The following outline is suggested to assist you in your preparation of the Week 8 Paper. APA format is required for your paper and citations. For directions on setting up your paper per APA please refer to APA Guidelines. There is an APA PowerPoint in Classroom Resources that shows you how to set up your title page, header and page numbering and references, as well as guidance for how to cite specific types of resources. For additional sources on writing, go to the Success Center on the left-hand navigation list of the classroom. • Title Page • Text of paper – Starts on a new page. Organize along the following. Use headings I. Introduction to the paper. This should be a paragraph opening that explains the subject of the paper and a thesis statement. The reader should understand from this paragraph the topic, scope and thesis. (Note: Do not use 1st person!) This introduction will briefly introduce the company that is the topic of the paper, the ethical dilemma, and related legal topics that will be covered. Note: you do not need to have a heading that says “Introduction” II. [Heading] Name of Company}’s Ethical Dilemma Explain and analyze the problem and clearly state the ethical dilemma Include the “key players” – e.g. government agencies if involved, decision makers, (See Rubric) III. [Heading] Ethical Framework Utilized by {Name of Company] [Company] ‘s decision demonstrates the ______________ ethical framework. Define the framework you have selected. Provide examples of how this framework works in application. Explain how the actions of the Company in this case illustrate application of this ethical framework. Discuss how Milton Friedman’s free market ethics may have influenced the Company’s actions. IV. [Heading] An Alternate Ethical Framework If [Company] had utilized the ____________ ethical theory in this situation the disaster could have been avoided. Define the framework you have selected. Provide examples of how this framework works in application. Explain how the Company should have acted in applying this ethical theory and how it would have changed the outcome. Describe takeaway lesson from this situation for business managers. V. [Heading] Other Relevant Legal Theories. (You are to select three other legal theories to discuss relevant to the Company.) Provide a subheading for each. Define each theory and explain its application to the Company Vi. [Heading] Conclusion Summarize the ethical dilemma and your recommendations for businesses to have ethical policy and educate its managers in its application. • [Heading] References This is its own page. Double spaced in the APA formatting required. You must have full APA citations, not a listing of URLs! Avoid dictionaries and encyclopedias. Use your required readings and scholarly research sources. APUS RCampus - iRubric: BUSN311 WEEK 7 ESSAY rubric: RCampus 1 of 2 https://irubric.apus.edu/rubricshowc.cfm?code=H4B89&sp=yes&mode=framed&nocache=1563... built by admin BUSN311 WEEK 7 ESSAY Rubric Code: H4B89 Ready to use Keywords: (None) Public Rubric Categories: Subjects: Business Types: Exam Grade Levels: Undergraduate Descriptions Week 7 Essay 100 % Exemplary 4 pts Accomplished 3.2 pts Developing 2.8 pts Beginning 1.5 pts Did not attempt 0 pts Institutional Outcome Specialized Knowledge 15 % Assesses the topic question with more than one academic discipline and evaluates the relevant evidence in relation to the problem’s context, and provides a conclusion that follows logically from analysis. Exemplary Accomplished Developing Student formulates an interesting and intriguing question or perspective on the problem that brings in more than one academic discipline or practical approach, evaluates the evidence in context and articulates creative and plausible concepts. Student defines and properly uses principal terms in the field, both historical and contemporaneous. Exemplary Accomplished Developing Mentions at least three general legal concepts and uses required readings but does not fully define their relevance or develop their applicability to the company. Mentions at least two general legal concepts and uses required readings with discussion for their applicability to the company. Student defines principal terms in the field but may not use them accurately in both historical and contemporaneous situations. Beginning Student does not accurately define or properly use principal terms in the field either in historical or contemporaneous situations. Did not attempt Student does not provide any relevant information on topic. Program Objective Legal concepts 15 % Apply concepts of contract, tort, Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), and property law to business situations. Clearly identifies three general legal concepts covered in the course, fully defines them and analyzes their applicability to the company's issues and circumstances. Beginning Mentions at least one general legal concept in discussion and explains its applicability to the company. Did not attempt Legal concepts are not mentioned or are not developed with required reqdings for applicability to the company. Course Objective Friedman 20 % Discuss Milton Friedman's ethical philosophy and apply to actions of executives of the company. Exemplary Accomplished Developing Thoroughly discussed and supported via research the philosophy of Milton Friedman, including his views on social responsibility of business; identified how Friedman's ethical framework may have influenced the company's executives. Discussed Friedman’s ethical philosophy and attempted to explain his position on social responsibility in this company's situation; however, did not integrate the necessary research to support the discussion. Discussed Friedman’s ethical philosophy but did not explain or define social responsibility in context of this company's situation. Beginning Simply mentioned Friedman without explanation of his philosophy, social responsibility or application to this company's situation. Did not attempt Friedman not addressed. 7/22/2019, 1:18 AM APUS RCampus - iRubric: BUSN311 WEEK 7 ESSAY rubric: RCampus 2 of 2 Ethical Framework 20 % Identify another ethical framework and apply it to the executives or management of selected company. Exemplary Identified and defined a specific ethical framework (e.g. deontology, utilitarianism, egoism, humanism, virtue ethics), and analyzed and explained its application to ethical issues of selected company. https://irubric.apus.edu/rubricshowc.cfm?code=H4B89&sp=yes&mode=framed&nocache=1563... Accomplished Identified and explained a specific ethical framework but did not fully explain its application to the selected company. Developing Identified an ethical framework but did not provide further explanation using research AND did not analyze framework with current issues with company. Beginning Did not correctly identify a separate ethical framework OR did not provide any type of analysis with regard to the company or its management. Did not attempt Did not mention ethical framework. Writing Evaluation Research Support 10 % Research includes at least seven credible sources with at least two from APUS Library; All citations in Reference list are cited in text of paper. APA Formatting 5% APA paper format and citations. Grammar/Mechanics 5% Evalutated for word usage, punctuation, spelling, language appropriate to assignment, and use of voice. Organization 5% Paper has introduction, clear statement of issue, flows in logical organization of text, with summary conclusion. Exemplary More than 7 sources in support of the paper and at least 2 sources are from APUS Library. Accomplished 6-7 sources in support of the paper and at least 2 sources are from APUS Library. Exemplary Accomplished No errors in APA Paper format (e.g., title page, margins, font, and running head and Reference page); in text citations and Reference list contain no formatting errors. Meets expectations for APA formatting of paper (e.g., title page, margins, running head and Reference page) and in text citations Reference list with no more than 3 errors combined. Exemplary Accomplished No errors in grammar, punctuation, spelling, use of language, written in 3rd person, proper use of quotes. Exemplary Clearly presented ideas, with logical flow, including introduction and conclusion; good use of subheadings and transitions. No more than three errors in grammar, spelling, word use. Accomplished Ideas are generally easy to follow but could be more clearly presented. Subheadings are missing or not appropriate. Includes introduction and conclusion. Developing 4-5 sources in support of the paper, or there are sources that are not of credible authority (e.g. wiki sites, generic dictionaries) or only one creditble source from APUS Library. Developing APA paper format and citations APA formatting display no more than 4 to 6 error combined. Developing Four to six errors in grammar, spelling, word use and/or use of contractions and other informal speech phrases. Developing General organization follows required content of the paper but concepts are not clearly presented. Missing introduction or conclusion. Poor use of subheaders or transitions. Beginning 3 or fewer credible sources or none from APUS library; there are citations in Reference list that are not cited in text. Beginning APA paper format and citations APA formatting display no more than 7 to 10 errors combined. Beginning Seven to eight errors in grammar, spelling, word use; and/or use of 1st or 2nd person in the paper. Beginning Student did not use subheaders or transitioning sentences to add structure to the paper; organization is difficult to follow. Missing introduction and conclusion. Did not attempt Missing reference list, or no citations in text. Did not attempt More than 10 errors combined on APA paper formatting and/or citations APA formatting. Did not attempt More than eight errors in grammar, spelling, word use, or repeated incomplete or run-on sentences, failure to break up writing in logical paragraphs. Did not attempt Paper is lacking substance in its content. Divider / Paper length Paper Length 5% Requirement: 1800 - 2300 words irubric.apus.edu Exemplary Paper meets the length requirement of 1800 - 2300 words. Accomplished Paper is 1700-1800 words OR is over 2300 words. Developing Paper is 1400-1700 words. Beginning Paper is less than 1400 words. Did not attempt No submission. Rubric Code: H4B89 7/22/2019, 1:18 AM
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Ethical Dilemma in Boeing 737 Max Crash
Student’s Name
Course Code
Professor
18th October 2019

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Ethical Dilemma in Boeing 737 Max Crash

Ethical Dilemma in Boeing 737 Max Crash
Boeing is an American Company that ventures into the manufacture, design, and sale of
airplanes, satellites, missiles, rockets, rotorcraft and telecommunications equipment. It is a
multinational corporation and offers its goods and services worldwide. Boeing Company also
provides leasing and support services for its products. The ethical dilemma for Boeing stems
from the crashing of two Boeing Max 738 airplanes shortly after takeoff. A close examination of
the black box data showed that there were design errors and poor engineering practices in the
airplanes. People lost their lives in the two plane crashes and the ethical dilemma here is whether

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Ethical Dilemma in Boeing 737 Max Crash
or not someone at Boeing acted unethically in approving the sale of the airplanes with the
mentioned faults still in existence. Boeing violated ethical principles in authorizing the sale of
the faulty aircrafts
Boeing’s Ethical Dilemma
The ethical principle of the fundamental canon. The first fundamental canon of the
National Society of Professional Engineers Code of Ethics requires all engineers to hold
paramount health, safety and welfare of the general public. The preliminary findings of the
investigations on the two airplane crashes show that the two disasters occurred due to one faulty
sensor. This faulty sensor triggered an anti-stall system, that was new, that repeatedly pushed the
plane’s nose down. Boeing, before the two disasters charged extra costs for pilots to receive
warning displays that alert them to divergent sensor readings in case of impeding crashes or
danger related to the airplane and flying conditions. Had these warning alerts and displays been
installed in the two planes, Boeing 737 max 8s that crashed, there is a likelihood that the pilots
would have managed to identify the malfunction in the anti-stall system. Therefore, Boeing, by
charging extra costs for vital devices that are paramount to the safety of the public to make
profits, does not hold paramount the health, safety and welfare of the public in its operations.
This is in violation of the ethical principle of fundamental canon. The ethical dilemma in this
case arises as to whether it really matters whether the decision to charge extra costs for the
warning displays was made by the marketing department’s managers rather than by the
engineers. However, whether or not the engineers are the ones who made this decision, they are
still held liable due to the opinion they expressed on the matter. According to the NSPE Code, if
the judgment by the engineer is overruled in life or property endangering circumstances, the

4
Ethical Dilemma in Boeing 737 Max Crash
engineer shall inform the employer, client or any other relevant authority about this. While there
is a limit to the cost aircraft manufacturers can be required to meet for the safety of their
airplanes, this does not hold water in this case. Manufacturers are not permitted by the set
regulations to offer safety systems as optional upgrades to their products as this would be
compromising on the safety and welfare of the public in a bid to make more profits. As a result,
the plausible liability that engineers should hold the safety and welfare of the public paramount
in their operations explains the ethical violation of the fundamental canon by Boeing.
The issue of informed consent also raises an ethical dilemma in this case. The new
version of the Boeing 737 Max 8 model was equipped with a new automatic anti-stall system and
the pilots were not informed about it. Boeing also failed to inform the pilots that a faulty reading
of a single sensor could activate the new anti-stall system. The pilots in the two planes that
crashed soon after takeoff could not understand why the nose of the jet was repeatedly pushed
down by the onboard computers since they were not aware of the existence of the automatic antistall system. As a result, Boeing was in violation of the ethical principle of informed consent.
Aircraft manufacturers have the ethical obligation to inform the pilots about the critical systems.
This is because the pilots are responsible for the operation of the aircrafts and they need to
operate them safely. The pilots also need to consent to using these safety systems that take away
control from them since the pilots are responsible for the safety of the people onboard.
Engineering ethicists need to pay more attention to informed consent ethical principle. The
Boeing Company may argue that the engineers seldom interact with the users, which in this case
are the pilots. However, here is the obligation to inform the pilots of the anti-stall system which
takes away the power from them in order to now of the safety precautions to take in case the

5
Ethical Dilemma in Boeing 737 Max Crash
automatic anti-stall system is activated. This would have helped the pilots to prevent the two
airplane crashes from occurring. While the technical modifications to the new Boeing 737 Max 8
came with no need for pilot training, Boeing may have sacrificed integrity and safety in order to
attract new customers and also keep the existing ones. This is because, given the technical
modifi...


Anonymous
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