1- A project team is faced with the problem of how to improve on-time performance for an
airline. To solve the problem, they decide to get employees from different parts of the
company together in a conference room. What type of approach in thinking should be
done and why?
Answer: this type of thinking is Divergent Thinking because it delivers more multiple solutions
to the problem and alternative plans. The main point of the Divergent Thinking is to take the
problem to the next level where it transfers the problem into multiple solutions. This type of
thinking takes the one to think in things that is not unacceptable or necessary to just breaking-up
the problem to small pieces by thinking in assumption way and relating everything with each
other. So that’s why they decide to get employees from different parts of the company together
in the conference room. POINT 10/10
2- Suppose you work for a large retailer and are tasked with a project to design a new
electronic system to place orders with the retailer’s vendors. How would you define
where the boundaries are for the project?
Answer: the new system of the project should work from the beginning when is placing the
order because boundaries usually set as the first key for any system action at the beginning when
it hit the button. Also, the project system will end the boundaries action when the order is placed
or submitted which means retails will send the request to vendors then boundaries end after the
clicked button and have no process over the vendor process after retails click the button to send
the request to vendor. POINT 10/10
3- What makes an IT system ready for use in an Enterprise? What things would you test to
ensure this?
Answer: To make an IT system ready for use in an Enterprise, it must go first through processes
first when starting the project such as, planning in how the project will go from the beginning to
the end and analyses the new system in validation, verification, security, scalability, reliability,
and responsibility. Then designing the new system and implementation it. Lastly, the system will
give benefits and results improvement for the organization and make good our profit. To make
sure the things that would use to ensure this test is ready to use is to check all the benchmarks for
the stages that went through and when they connect with each other that mean the system is
ready for use in an Enterprise. POINT 20/20
4- Elaborate on the relationship between business strategies/goals and IT initiatives. Also
cover whether business drives IT or IT drives business.
Answer: The relationship between business strategies goals and IT initiatives is very important
in this century where IT initiatives plays huge role in processing businesses and our lives. Every
day we use technology in entertainment, education, healthcare, government, and business to
improve our needs in lives. As we can see, today business and organizations use IT initiatives as
what the consumers (users) needs. Also whether business drives IT or IT drives business,
business is the leader who drives IT in both profits of business such as goods and services
because IT insure the consumers need and develop faster and better processes by using unique
applications where it leads to a better production and low costs. POINT 20/20
5- Why is modeling critical to EA? Why are UML diagrams used to display: business
activity, business entity, & business use-case?
Answer: The reason why Modeling is critical for Enterprise Architecture is because it allows
visualization of the goals that need to be following where Modeling is the viewpoint, purpose,
and abstraction level that show in Enterprise Architecture because Modeling built with purpose
of high level of abstraction by using modeling method technique tools to include what it should
be knowing in the abstraction and to hide what is not important by the one who create the
Modeling. In another world, Modeling is like an art abstract to show the high level point of
purpose.
The reason why are UML diagrams used to display business activity, business entity, and
business use- case because UML diagram make it easy to understand more details and consumers
about the enterprise by breaking down each component of the business when using UML
diagrams. In another hand, the more information you have such as what consumers needs and
what they like, the more understandable to the enterprise the more production process. POINT
20/20
6- What affect do many different stakeholders have on the enterprise design?
Answer: Complexity, because when having different stakeholders, it can drive the enterprise
design to difficult processes and procedures.
To overcome the complexity issues, there has to be a methodology for the different stakeholders
to have butter understanding of the enterprise design strategy and practices. Once they have the
knowledge and be able to recognize such problems confronting the enterprise design it would be
easy to help overcome these problems and achieve the required goals and perform higher quality
at the business process. POINT 14/20
professor feedback: Complexity
7- Are most enterprise systems open or closed systems? Explain why your answer is correct
and give an example to support your answer.
Answer: Most of the enterprise system are open systems because of the interaction with the
environment they are living with around them such as economic, politics, and social environment
which it affects the enterprise system. This interaction occurs in different ways that share
information with others in enterprise such as budgets, investments, bills, competitions with other
companies, and procurements. POINT 20/20
8- Define and give examples of each type of systems that are State-maintaining, Goalseeking, and Purposeful systems.
Answer: State-maintaining: is the system that can react in only one way to any one external or
internal event such as a system only react to changes. For example, the system that use in the
USA government such as Social Security Administration, Department of Motor Vehicles such
MVA or DMV.
Goal-seeking: is the process of calculating an output to find the result of formula to help finding
input value results. In another word, Goal seeking is a system to seek a purpose of need to
develop help needs to other people. For example, Atreca Foundation, Annie E Casey Foundation,
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and Aspire Public schools.
Purposeful System: is a system that has a useful purpose of use and determination or resolve. For
example, Trayvon Martin Memorial Fund, Haiti Hurricane Relief Fund, and Humanitarain
Medical Aid. POINT 20/20
9- What are the benefits of using a reference architecture when creating an enterprise
architecture?
Answer: the benefit of using reference architecture is very helpful when is creating an
enterprise architecture, it can give a huge view for enterprise with seeing every single details.
also reference architecture can help the organization to save a lot of money and time. One more
of the benefit, it uses to give solutions for architecture structure problems and help to give
knowledge to understand and discuss implementation. POINT 14/20
Professor feedback:
Reference Architecture as a starting point
•
It describes a structured set of models that collectively represent the building blocks of
the system in a specific domain
•
Knowledge Reuse – Reference Architectures embody the knowledge gathered, on a large
scale, from a multitude of enterprise engineering projects
How are Frameworks Anchored to Business Architecture
•
Frameworks should cover Enterprise needs
•
“Align business architecture efforts with the framework content”
•
Solve “alignment issues in your environment”
•
Business needs should be “spelled out in your business architecture model
•
Business architecture should relate to and shape that IT architecture
•
Provide a unified unambiguous definition or terminology,
•
Establish a common means to organize interpret and analyze architecture description
•
Identify architecture concerns generic steak holders, view points and structure levels
•
Facilitate communication of enterprise design
•
Help steak holders make decisions about enterprise design and operations
•
Is applicable to a wide range of enterprise system and scenario
•
Is developed in such as way it is encouraging reuse
•
Provide users with some confidence that use of reference architecture will be successful
in the current project.
10- Why does an enterprise need an enterprise frame work and how would they determine to
use TOGAF, Zachman, Reynolds’ Enterprise Framework, SMART or another reference
framework?
Answer: Enterprises need framework to help the enterprise in solving problems in the business
process especially architecture where framework helps to provide : a model design to make the
organization such as stakeholders understand the business, to make the organization in the
legalization of compliance, understanding every steps of the subsystems by creating an advance
design for the business process and to make sure each part is putting together in the right place,
helps to solve design problems by giving more details and make it easy to understand the
complex in the design, to give a big view of the architecture design for the long term at a lower
cost for the organization where it help also to provide a better making-decisions for the project
for the long term. They are many ways to build the framework because of the different
businesses and different projects but the best way for the chosen framework is to bring the
stakeholders together to discuss how they want to see the process of the system. This step will
help enterprise to have the vision of the future and to improve the business goals.
According to Zachman, which it helps clients to understand information system projects by
following these steps and study the enterprise:
--What are the goals, within scope, business model, and functioning enterprise?
-Who and how are in the Facades within scope and business model?
-How and Who comes from the process within scope, business model, and operational
enterprise?
-Any question can be communication within scope and business model.
-Who and What are the business entities within scope, business model, system model, and
operational enterprise? POINT 20/20
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