HIST101 Grossmont College demographic effects of the Columbian Exchange HW

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znelnz95

Humanities

HIST101

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Select any four questions of your choice and ensure that you answer all parts of the question. Each answer should be at a minimum two- three page and doubled spaced. The average papers for all four-question range between 10-12 pages. You do not have to cite your sources. I encourage you to use the internet to expand your answers with the primary textbook. And please don't mix the questions so each part answer separately with a number to know which one you chose. Tha


1.

  • What were the demographic effects of the Columbian exchange?
  • Compare and explain the reasons for differences or similarities between the European colonies of North and South America.
  • State and justify your position on the role of the Catholic Church in regard to relations with the Amerindian people in either the Spanish or the French American colonies.

2.

  • Describe capitalism and mercantilism and explain their roles in the development of the Atlantic system.
  • What factors led to the development of the African slave trade?
  • What effects did slavery have on economic life in Africa?

3.

  • How was the Ottoman Empire administered under Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)?
  • What were the roles of the Portuguese, Oman, and the Dutch in the development of trade in the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia?
  • What factors led to the decline of the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires?

4.

  • What did the Russian and Qing Empires have in common, and how did these common features affect the relationship between the two?
  • Both the Qing and the Tokugawa governments were in decline by 1800. What reasons lay behind the decline of each government?

5.

  • Discuss the causes, conduct and consequences of the French, and the Haitian revolutions.
  • What roles did Enlightenment thought and folk cultures play in the making of the eighteenth century revolutions?
  • How did revolution in one country help incite revolutions elsewhere?

6.

  • Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Britain rather than in continental Europe or the United States?
  • What exactly is meant by the Industrial Revolution? What were the economic changes that revolutionized manufacturing in the eighteenth century and led to the factory system?
  • How did the Industrial Revolution change people’s lives and the environment in which they lived and worked?
  • 7.
  • What were the benefits and drawbacks to the Ottoman Empire as they attempted to modernize and reform during the Tanzimat period?
  • Discuss the causes, conduct and consequences of the Crimean War.
  • What internal and external challenges did the Qing Empire face in the early 1830-1870s?

8.

  • What were the causes of the revolutions for independence in Latin America (Venezuela, Mexico and Brazil between 1800 and 1850s?
  • Who were some of the key individuals associated with the fight for independence in Latin America?
  • What economic and social factors led to the abolitionist and women’s rights movement? Who was William Wilberforce and how did he contribute the abolition of slavery in England?

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Running head: HISTORY 101 MODERN WORLD HISTORY

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HISTORY 101 MODERN WORLD HISTORY

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Question 2
Describe capitalism and mercantilism and explain their roles in the development of the
Atlantic system.
Capitalism is defined as the economic system that focuses on the creation of wealth leading
to the economic growth of a country. Large financial organizations are associated with capitalism.
This involves banks, stoke exchanges, and investment companies. Mercantilism refers to the
accumulation of wealth through the extraction of wealth.
To control the overseas trade, Portugal and Spain used monopolies in the fourteenth &
fifteenth century. The control was expensive and inefficient for the two governments. Capitalism
was therefore introduced by the two governments to make the Atlantic trading system more
profitable and efficient.
Capitalism was afterward reinforced by mercantilism to revive the European economy that
was slowing down. In mercantilism, the European governments developed policies to promote
trade overseas between them and their colonies. The policies were being reinforced by the armed
forces to make sure that their colonies would end up trading with their own countries. The policies
also made it lucrative for private investors in investing in the government-chartered companies.
The policies led to the imposition of high tariffs that could discourage the importation of
goods. This led to fierce competition between each nation’s people with foreigners being restricted
from trading. This led to the development of the Atlantic system due to the movement of goods to
areas that were scares and expensive from areas where the goods were in abundance and cheap.
Some of the common goods that were as a result of the Atlantic circuit included slaves from
African countries, liquor, and tobacco from South America.

HISTORY 101 MODERN WORLD HISTORY

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What factors led to the development of the African slave trade?
The African slave trade involved the transportation of slaves from Africa to the Americas
by the slave traders. The activity began in the 15th century due to the expansion of the European
countries and reached in Africa. Portugal was the first European country to reach in Africa. They
kidnapped the West African people and took them to Europe.
There are several reasons for the development of the African slave trade. One of the reasons
is that the Europeans found new fertile lands. They, therefore, conquered the Africans that were in
these lands and established plantations. They, therefore, needed workers to take care of their
plantations. This increased the demand for more slaves to work as laborers in the plantation fields.
Secondly, the European countries needed cheap labor to generate more profits from the
plantations leading to the increasing demand for the African slave trade. The slaves could work
for long hours at a little pay and the Europeans could highly benefit. Labor was needed for the
cultivation of plantations such as the sugarcane farms as well as in factories for processing. The
African labor was always available
The other reason for the development of the African slave trade is the labor shortages in
the American colonies. The Europeans had tried to use the native populations as labor but the
indigenous people were not enough to meet the demand and a large number of them died due to
infections of diseases such as smallpox. They were also being exposed to harsh conditions that
made some of them fail to adapt to the climatic conditions of the regions.
The fourth reason for the development of slavery in Africa was the fear that the Europeans
had that the native laborers were bound to leave their plantations and start their own since there
were plenty of fertile lands. This could lead to high competition lowering their profits. They
considered having Africans as their laborers since they were informed of the landscape in America

HISTORY 101 MODERN WORLD HISTORY

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and this cou...


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