Colorado College Learning Theory Discussion

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Ohex

Business Finance

Colorado College

Description

Please complete all assignments and label them as they're completed so I won't get confused.

Part 1

  • Which epistemological orientation (pragmatism, objectivism or interpretivism) is most closely aligned with your own experience? Explain how this bias may affect your understanding of learning theory.
  • Of the three orientations, is one better than the others? No matter how you answer, explain your rationale.

Part 2

  • Describe a learning situation in which you or another person had difficulty in achieving a desired performance. Develop a plan to improve performance using the techniques discussed in this chapter.
  • What are some possible objections you could raise to the radical behaviorist model of learning?
  • Applying these objections to the plan you just developed, which part is the most likely to fail? What might you do to “fix” it?

Part 3

  • Based on what we have seen so far, which epistemological orientation does cognitive information processing most closely align with?
  • How does this orientation differ from that of radical behaviorists? Explain your rationale.

Part 4

  • Within this learning environment (this course), how could you apply the principles of CIP to make the learning experience better?
  • Of the recommendations you made, which would be the hardest to implement and why

Part 5

  • In light of Ausubel’s assimilation theory, discuss what should be considered when designing instruction for a simple task like painting a wall. Explain your rationale.
  • Select a skill or knowledge element involved in the task and describe what instruction would look like for that element.
  • Explain how your proposed piece of instruction leverages Ausubel’s insights.

Part 6

  • Describe an instructional goal that requires the learner to activate prior knowledge.
  • Explain how the activation of prior knowledge helps the learner understand the new material in your specific example.
  • Describe what an advanced organizer would look like for your specific example.

Part 7

  • Discuss the impact of situated cognition on a K-12 course when taught face-to-face as opposed to online.
  • Make two recommendations for improving the course in question (either face-to-face or online) by applying what you know about situated cognition.
  • Describe which recommendation is more likely to result in measurable improvements. Explain your rationale.

Part 8

  • Based on your experience, what are some of the most common barriers to learning with communities of practice?
  • Envision the ideal community of practice for your current (or expected) profession and describe its characteristics.

Part 9

  • Evaluate the merits of Piaget’s stage theory for explaining cognitive development.
  • Discuss evidence that supports his theory as well as evidence that calls it into question.
  • Discuss your personal opinions about stage theories in general. Who are some of the major detractors and how would you address them?

Part 10

  • Using information from Piaget’s learning theory, design a piece of instruction for five-year olds that teaches some aspect of any emerging technology and incorporates at least one of the components of the NETS for Students and / or the NETS for Teachers.
  • Describe how the same piece of instruction would differ if designed for adults.
  • Justify the differences in design strategy for the two groups.

Part 11

  • Describe a simple instructional activity using all three of Bruner’s modes of cognitive representation.
  • Discuss why you included the elements you did. Explain your rationale.
  • If you created the same bit of training for someone from a vastly different culture than your original audience, explain what you would need to modify, and why?

Part 12

  • Describe an instructional program (hypothetical or actual) that makes use of Vygotsky’s “zone of proximal development.”
  • What is being taught and by whom?
  • What instructional strategies are being utilized?
  • How could the program be tweaked (leveraging Vygotsky’s theories) to make learning more impactful?

Part 13

Write a four to six (4-6) page paper based on the Radical Behaviorist Approach. For purposes of writing your scenario, your character is named Rad and you are the Instructor. The scenario should be based on the following steps outlined in your book:

  • Step One – Set Behavioral Goals. Describe the desired behavior you would like Rad to achieve. Note: Consider what have you observed about Rad related to the desired behavior.
  • Step Two – Determine Appropriate Reinforcers. Define reinforcers, and explain the reinforcers that you have selected for the desired behavioral outcome for Rad. Include the primary reasons why the selected reinforcers are appropriate for Rad, you (the Instructor), and the environment.
  • Step Three – Select Procedures for Changing Behavior. Describe the procedures that you implemented to achieve the desired behavior in Rad, and specify the main reasons why you chose these procedures.
  • Step Four – Implement Procedures and Record Results. Discuss the implementation of the procedures that you chose in Step 3, and create fictional results. Explain the method(s) that you used to observe the results.
  • Step Five – Evaluate and Revise. Discuss the method(s) that you used to evaluate the effectiveness of your desired behavioral change in Rad, and determine the major revisions you may consider to your program in the future.
    • Typed, double spaced, Times New Roman font (size 12), one inch margins on all sides, APA format.
    • Use headers for each of the subjects being covered, followed by your response.
    • In addition to the four to six (4-6) pages required, a title page is to be included. The title page is to contain the title of the assignment, your name, the instructor’s name, the course title, and the date.

The format of the report is to be as follows:

Note: You will be graded on the quality of your answers, the logic/organization of the report, your language skills, and your writing skills.

Part 14

Relying on at least two (2) outside references, write a three to five (3-5) page report that answers the following:

  • Describe the behavioral goal you set for Rad in Assignment #1.
  • Choose either Bruner’s or Vygotsky’s Theory of cognitive development, and explain the fundamental tenets of the chosen theory.
  • Describe the key ways that the approach to the desired goal would change with the chosen theory. Explain the assumptions to the chosen theory and the manner in which they may impact Rad or you as the Instructor.

The format of the report is to be as follows:

  • Typed, double spaced, Times New Roman font (size 12), one inch margins on all sides, APA format.
  • Use headers for each of the subjects being covered, followed by your response.
  • Typed, double spaced, Times New Roman font (size 12), one inch margins on all sides, APA format.
  • Use headers for each of the subjects being covered, followed by your response.
  • In addition to the three to five (3-5) pages required, a title page is to be included. The title page is to contain the title of the assignment, your name, the instructor’s name, the course title, and the date.
  • Format the PowerPoint presentation with headings on each slide and relevant graphics (photographs, graphs, clip art, etc.), ensuring that the presentation is visually appealing and readable from eighteen (18) feet away. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
  • In addition to the six to eight (6-8) slides required, include a title slide containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The title slide is not included in the required slide length.

Part 15

Relying on at least two (2) outside references, write a three to five (3-5) page report that reflects on how to incorporate self-regulated learning as a motivational approach and answers the following:

  • Describe one (1) topic that you are currently attempting to learn. Explore your motivation for learning about the chosen topic.
  • Describe each phase of the self-regulated learning (SRL) approach to learning.
  • Describe two (2) benefits and two (2) challenges that may be associated with self-regulated learning.
  • Apply self-regulated learning to the topic you want to learn. Outline a strategy to apply self-regulated learning to improve this learning situation.Include the main activities that you would use in each phase (i.e., forethought, performance, and self-reflection).

The format of the report is to be as follows:

Part 16

Throughout the term, you have reviewed many different perspectives on learning.Scholars and researchers have been debating learning approaches for almost as long as we have been learning.For this final assignment, Achievement First is interviewing you to work as a consultant to improve student learning.Part of your interview involves making a presentation about your personal learning theory.Relying on at least two (2) outside references, create a six to eight (6-8) slide presentation describing your personal learning theory.You may choose presentation software you prefer. As you develop your presentation, include:

  • Describe the target audience with which you expect to work (e.g., 8 years old, special education, all-male). Discuss the theories or element of theories you have learned in this course that apply to the target audience you have described.
  • Prioritize the concepts that you must consider when formulating your personal learning theory. Next, explain your personal learning theory. Based upon your personal learning theory, describe the process by which you think people learn. Note: This is your personal theory that encompasses ideas or improves upon other theories studied throughout this course.
  • Outline a strategy for using your personal learning theory to help your target population learn.
  • Create a new and / or improved learning theory based on the theories or elements of theories that you identified in criterion #3. Create a new name for your learning theory. Describe the manner in which you would apply this new and / or improved theory to the target audience to help them learn.

The format of the report is to be as follows:

Note: You will be graded on the quality of your answers, the logic/organization of the report, your language skills, and your writing skills.

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Explanation & Answer

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Running head: MANAGEMENT

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Discussion
[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]
[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

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DISCUSSION

I believe there is no one way to approach a situation. We are creatures of diversity, which
stems from our different geographical locations. Our diversity includes different values, beliefs
and culture. Because of this aspects of our lives, we view the world differently from each other,
this is why philosophy is important to help us in understanding the world. It’s like different
pieces in a pie, but when you join all the pieces they make a whole pie. Our different views to the
world has made us innovative beings and we are able to create things that help individuals by
making their life easier. Because it doesn’t matter how you think or your approach to life because
a different perspective will turn out to be useful in helping millions of strangers across the world.
This is why the epistemological orientation I identify most Pragmatism. “Pragmatism research
philosophy accepts concepts to be relevant only if they support action. Pragmatics “recognize
that there are many different ways of interpreting the world and undertaking research, that no
single point of view can ever give the entire picture and that there may be multiple
realities”( Saunders, Lewis, Thornhill, 2012). This theory aligns perfectly with my
ideologies as I believe that there is more than one way to identify and relate to a situation. This
theory comes with its own challenges to because having one point of view might limit my
understanding of other learning theories. Identifying with one theory might mean that I don’t
think that other learning theories are of importance equally. This is how this theory will bias my
understanding of learning theories. There are three types of epistemological orientation namely;
pragmatism, objectivism and interpretivism. As we have already looked at pragmatism I will
explain the other two. First we have objectivism. “Objectivism is the philosophy of rational
individualism (Thomas, 2010)”. Objectivism is from the word objective which means that
judgement of a situation is not highly influenced by personal feelings to properly understand

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facts. This theory is a bit flawed because every decision is based on personal feelings and
experience. Interpretivism theory “is based on naturalistic approach of data collection such as
interviews and observations (methodology, n.d.).” It is more like an Evidence Based Practice,
one makes conclusions based on observations. The flaw in this theory is that people often
pretend so an action that one might see, might not present the actual reality. Based on that I
conclude that pragmatism is better than the other two rationales as it considers different realities.

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References

methodology, r. (n.d.). Retrieved from Research Methodology: https://researchmethodology.net/research-philosophy/interpretivism/
Thomas, W. (2010, june 14). Retrieved from Atlas Society:
https://atlassociety.org/objectivism/atlas-university/what-is-objectivism/objectivism-101blog/3366-what-is-objectivism
Saunders, M., Lewis, P. & Thornhill, A. (2012) “Research Methods for Business
Students” 6th edition, Pearson Education Limited

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Running head: MANAGEMENT

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Discussion
[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]
[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

MANAGEMENT

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DISCUSSION

It is common nature to find most students uninterested in what they are learning. There
are few of them who actually love learning but there are those few who don’t even have an idea
why they are learning a certain concept. I love learning but some of the things I was taught in
class I had no idea how they could apply in a natural world situation. I used to take a statistics
class and as my instructor taught I wondered why I need to learn all this mathematics, all this
formulas, how will they prove beneficial later in my life. As it turned out I do need some
statistics in my life. Especially with the vast amount of data that is just floating around the
internet. If I want to be able to analyze it and discover endless opportunities I will need to apply
the math that I learned in my statistics course. However that is not the case. My instructor just
taught math so that we can sit for exams and move on to the next level. There was no solid plan
to make sure that we as the students understand the importance of what we are learning and how
it might be beneficial in acquiring necessary skills. The lack of a solid plan or a better learning
theory from the instructor made me lose interest all together in statistics. Now that I’m a bit
evolved I can understand the concepts we learned but I mostly have to do a research on the
internet to remember how the concept worked and how I might apply it in my situation. All this
would have been avoided if there was a solid plan. Assuming the instructor used technology to
explain what statistics is all about and its importance. By technology I mean, PowerPoints to
create a visual compelling presentation that clearly explains the use of statistics and also the use
of the internet to try and discover and analyze a natural world data and see the results. This
would have been possible by use of a cognitive learning approach which if clearly planned and
developed would improve the situation.

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As we all know there are different learning theories. But the theory I’m interested in
discussing in this discussion is radical behaviorism. “The central idea of Radical Behavior is
that all behavior can be explained as the result of learned associations between a stimulus and a
response, reinforced or extinguished through reward and/or punishment (Cohen, 2014)”. As
radical behaviorism is based on stimulus and response, the theory faces a lot of challenges. This
is because behavior is based on different reasons. E.g. a very angry person might be very calm
and a calm person who is just calm will portray the same reaction. This is flawed because the two
people are displaying the same behavior but under different reasons. Beyond surface behavior
underneath there lies different reasoning. This is why radical behaviorism learning theory is
flawed.

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References

Cohen, S. B. (2014). Retrieved from https://www.edge.org/response-detail/25473

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Running head: MANAGEMENT

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Discussion
[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]
[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

MANAGEMENT

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DISCUSSION

As we discussed earlier there are different types of epistemological orientation and they
are all based on difference learning theories and approaches. First of all let’s define what
epistemological orientation is; “Epistemological orientations and evidence evaluation abilities
influence processes related to critical thinking and conclusion justification across various
reasoning domains (McGinnis, 2016).” in simple terms this means that, it affects how we make
decisions and judgements on a daily basis based on the orientation that an individual is most
comfortable with. We also discussed the three types of orientation Pragmatism, Interpretivism
and objectivism. Our main focus on this discussion is which of the above orientation is closely
associated with the cognitive learning theory. “Cognitivism is a learning theory developed by
Jean Piaget in which a child develops cognitive pathways in understanding and physical response
to experiences. In this theory, students learn most effectively through reading text and lecture
instruction (Degree, n.d.)”. As discussed earlier “Pragmatism research philosophy accepts
concepts to be relevant only if they support action. Pragmatics “recognize that there are many
different ways of interpreting the world and undertaking research, that no single point of view
can ever give the entire picture and that there may be multiple realities ( Saunders, Lewis,
Thornhill, 2012)”. Similarly in cognitive approach the human brain is linked to a computer, the
ability to receive inputs, process them and produce meaningful information that can be applied in
learning. Hence this is why pragmatism is the epistemological orientation that closely aligns with
cognitive approach. They both depend on different inputs, processing and producing meaningful
output. This approach differs to that of radical behaviorists as it takes different approach. That is
radical behaviorists only depend on surface behavior that is based on reaction to a particular
stimulus. The theory doesn’t pay attention as to the cognitive reasons that led to that behavior

MANAGEMENT
being surfaced. As we saw earlier two people might have the same behavior but based on totally
different reasons. However pragmatism and cognitive theory realize that there is more than one
way to interpret, judge or understand a particular situation and hence it pays attention to the
underlying mechanics of how information is received, processed in order to achieve a certain
result. This different approach makes it easier to understand a situation and will help different
learners understand different concepts effectively.

3

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References

Degree, E. (n.d.). Retrieved from Education Degree:
https://www.educationdegree.com/articles/educational-learning-theories/
McGinnis, D. (2016). Epistemological orientations and evidence evaluation in undergraduates.
Thinking Skills and Creativity, 19, 279-289. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2016.01.002.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P. & Thornhill, A. (2012) “Research Methods for Business
Students” 6th edition, Pearson Education Limited

Attached.

Running head: MANAGEMENT

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Discussion
[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]
[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

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DISCUSSION

Cognitive theory is one of the most effective in learning considering that it associates a
human with a computer. “One major group of cognitive theories may be classified as cognitiveinformation processing learning theories. According to the cognitive information processing
(CIP) view, the human learner is conceived to be a processor of information, in much the same
way a computer is. When learning occurs, information is input from the environment, processed
and stored in memory, and output in the form of a learned capability (cs, n.d.).” By using this
theory of CIP learning could be effectively improved. First student need to first understand what
is being taught by relating with the instructor. Second of all a student needs to relate what they
have learnt by processing or rather trying to understand the meaning of what has been taught.
Third and final stage is producing a desired output based on their interpretation. To implement
this learning approach a number of steps can be used namely (cs, n.d.); sensory memory
“Sensory memory represents the f...


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