what is immunology?

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Immunology PRE-LAB QUESTIONS 1. In the Disease Transmission experiment, you will simulate exposure to a “pathogen.” Predict whether the rate of exposure (the amount of contacts) will affect an individual’s chance of becoming infected. Explain your reasoning. 2. Why does an individual with antibodies for a species of Streptococcus bacteria not automatically have immunity to all bacterial infections? 3. In Experiment 2, you will model and test the effect of the number of antibodies on the number of pathogens detected. Construct a hypothesis addressing the outcome of the experiment. ©eScience Labs, 2018 Immunology EXPERIMENT 1: DISEASE TRANSMISSION Data Sheet Table 1: Contact Data Cup # Contact 1 Contact 2 Contact 3 Table 2: Test Results per Cup # Positive (Purple) Negative (Yellow) Post-Lab Questions 1. What cup was the original carrier of the disease based on your method? What procedure did you use to determine this? 2. Look under the cups for the one with the “X”. Does the cup number with the “X” match the cup you determined from your method? If so, explain why your method worked. If not, explain what could have been incorrect in your reasoning and how you can modify your method. 3. What do the cups represent? ©eScience Labs, 2018 Immunology 4. What does the milky solution inside of the cups represent? 5. What does the corn starch represent? 6. Was there a positive and/or negative control in this experiment? If yes, describe them. If not, describe how a negative and/or positive control could be included. 7. Hypothesize whether the flu would spread faster, slower or at the same rate as food poisoning. Use the concept of disease transmission to support your hypothesis. 8. What mode of transmission does this experiment best replicate? Explain your answer. 9. In Pre-Lab Question 1, you made a prediction about exposure rate versus chance of infection. Based on your data, what Cup # had the most contacts throughout the simulation? Did the cup with the highest number of contacts test positive or negative for the “disease?” What about the cup with the least number of contacts? ©eScience Labs, 2018 Immunology EXPERIMENT 2: ANTIBODIES AND THE IMMUNE RESPONSE Data Sheet Table 3: Immune Response Model Data Number of Antibodies Mass Trial 1 Mass Trial 2 Mass Trial 3 Average Mass Post-Lab Questions 1. Create a graph of number of antibodies versus the mass of particles picked up. Construct your graph on a computer program such as Microsoft Excel®. 2. What do the magnets represent? 3. What do the iron filings represent? 4. What do the sprinkles represent? 5. Draw a conclusion about the number of antibodies versus the number of pathogens detected. 6. Did the results of the experiment support or refute the hypothesis you constructed in Pre-Lab Question 3? Use your results to support your answer. ©eScience Labs, 2018
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Immunology

Immunology Lab Report
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©eScience Labs, 2018

Immunology
PRE-LAB QUESTIONS
1. In the Disease Transmission experiment, you will simulate exposure to a “pathogen.”
Predict whether the rate of exposure (the amount of contacts) will affect an
individual’s chance of becoming infected. Explain your reasoning.
The rate of exposure or amount of contacts is likely to affect an individual’s chance of
becoming infected. This statement is more accurate in the case of infectious diseases
where an infected person is expected to pass on the infection through contact with
another person. For instance, a person suffering from an airborne disease is more likely to
transmit that disease to others if he or she comes into proximity with an uninfected
person. The more people the infected persons come into contact with, the more likely
they are to expose the disease to healthy persons. Thus, where the exposure rate is high,
then the chances of an infected person acquiring the disease also becomes high. This
explains the reason why governments and health agencies initiate quarantine measures in
the event of a disease outbreak, as is the case with measles, the Ebola virus disease
(EVD), and other communicable diseases.
2. Why does an individual with antibodies for a species of Streptococcus bacteria not
automatically have immunity to all bacterial infections?
According to Pandey et al. (2016), bacterial immunity in individuals that have antibodies
for a species of streptococcus is limited due to a lack of immunological memory.
Immunological memory can be defined as the ability by the immune system to swiftly
and expressly identify an antigen that the infected person’s body has previously
encountered, and come up with the necessary immune response. As such, in the case of
streptococcus bacteria, it is difficult for an individual to be immune to all bacterial

©eScience Labs, 2018

Immunology
infections mainly because his or her immune system cannot respond to new bacterial
infections in a ...


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