No directly quoted material may be used in this project paper. Resources should be summarized or paraphrased with appropriate in-text and Resource page citations. Final Project: Case StudyEthical dilemmas permeate the criminal justice. At every level, in each segment of the system, people are exercising discretion that will influence the fate of an individual and/or the security of the community. Incongruous laws, regulations, policies and practices create conflicts and distort the basis upon which judgments are made. Very often these conflicts result in an ethical dilemma. Which is the appropriate course of action? What is the moral/ethical rational for the decisions that were made? What purposes or principles are served? This project will ask you to consider a sequence of decisions (do, or not do) all of which contribute, directly or indirectly the final scene. For each of the three (3) scenarios, your assignment is to: Examine each situation and describe the ethical and/or moral question, Describe what you believe to be the motivation of the actor and the potential consequences of BOTH/EACH options, Identify the decision you believe the actor SHOULD make, and Provide the ethical basis for your decision. Connect the ethical basis for your decision to ethical theories introduced at the beginning of the course and explain the rational for this connection. Each decision must be considered separately and not be influenced by earlier decisions and/or actions. This project is an opportunity for the student to demonstrate their understanding of ethics and value-based decisions. Most of these situations do not have a single correct answer. Grading is NOT based on solving the problem that is presented to the actor but in identifying the ethical dilemmas and determining and explaining the most ethical course of action. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. The judgeJudge Jeffery Owens is very troubled by the felony case before him. The defendant, Woodrow Wilson, had been found guilty of armed robbery of a liquor store. The case alleged that Wilson had a handgun in plain sight when he entered the Sin-Yon liquor store, that he hit the owner in the head with the weapon and forced him to open the cash drawer. Fleeing the scene on foot, Woodrow only got a few blocks before responding police officers spotted him and made the arrest. The prosecutor, armed with the recovered cash, video surveillance and an eyewitness as evidence had an easy case. Now it is time for sentencing. Jeffery saw the demonstration of business owners in the hallway when he entered the courthouse that morning. They were chanting “Justice for our victims” and were demanding a lengthy prison sentence. The Pre-Sentence Investigation report said Wilson was suffering from acute addiction and associated mental problems that had caused these violent (but not criminal) outbreaks in the past. There is no information in the file that Wilson has ever received treatment for his disorders. Jeffery knows that, due to budget cuts, the state prison system has very little in the way of addictive or behavioral disorder treatment programs. The prisons had reverted to merely warehousing inmates. However, he had read that the county jail had received a federal grant to establish exactly the kind of services that it appeared Wilson needed. Obviously, he had no way of knowing if this or any treatment would be successful for Wilson. Sentencing guidelines were established to ensure that defendants convicted of similar offenses received similar punishments. According to the sentencing guidelines, Wilson should be sentenced to 5-7 years in the state correctional prison system. Jeffery knows that the business community was calling for the maximum sentence. The county jail only took inmates sentenced to eighteen months or less. What sentence should Judge Owens impose on Mr. Wilson? 2. The District AttorneyJessica ran a successful campaign for district attorney on a very conservative platform generally critical of the incumbent's inability or unwillingness to prosecute police misconduct with criminal charges. The city’s police chief did not support her campaign. He felt that administrative actions that could result is fines, suspensions, demotion or termination of employment were sufficient punishment. Additionally, victims could sue an officer in civil court if the officer acted outside the scope of their authority and immunity. The chief felt that these consequences should be sufficient for any police misconduct except, perhaps, a felony. Since her election Jessica has brought criminal charges of larceny against one officer for switching city tires off his patrol car on to his personal car. She also brought assault charges against an officer when she learned a suspect needed medical treatment for wrist abrasions due to her handcuffs being too tight. Recently several assistants have cautioned her that they are losing criminal cases, including serious felony cases, because police officers are either not appearing to testify at court or are having "difficulty remembering" critical details during their testimony. This started in traffic court but has also occurred in misdemeanor trials as well. The feeling is these officers are retaliating against the district attorney's officer for the criminal charges being brought against members of the police force. The pattern is quite clear and getting worse. Prosecutors are complaining that police detectives are “too busy” to return their calls. Jessica understands she cannot successfully prosecute criminal cases without the cooperation of the police department. At the same time, she feels as though she is being bullied by an overly protective autocratic police chief. She feels she can and should prosecute police officer for any criminal offense ...and feels that her election demonstrated that the community agrees with her. What should Jessica do?3. The OfficerScot is still on probation as a police department rookie. While on probation he can be dismissed at any time for any reason and would not be entitled to a trail board or hearing prior to dismissal. During the course of his patrol duties Scot has cause to stop a car for a legitimate but minor traffic violation. The motorist was highly agitated at being stopped “for no reason” and, using a variety of obscene references and racial slurs, adamantly expressed how upset he was. Agitated, Scot told the man to exit the vehicle and place his hands on the hood of his car. Scot looked through the car interior, and then took the keys out of the ignition to open the trunk. Seeing what Scot was doing the driver told Scot to stop and that he could absolutely not search the trunk of the car. Ignoring this, Scot opened the trunk and discovered in plain view a large, clear plastic bag containing thousands of pharmaceutical-type capsules. Scot could hear the driver screaming, “That ain’t mine. That ain’t mine.” Scot suddenly realized he has committed an illegal search. What should Scot do?Format Requirements A minimum of 10 full narrative text pages Double space 12 pt. font 1” margins Use American Psychological Association (APA) citation format for all narrative and Reference Page sources Reference Page is not included in the word count NOTE: For a formal paper, an introduction paragraph and a closing paragraph are always appropriate. Additionally - Create a cover page for your assignment (not included in word count) Include your name Course title and number Project title Date of submission

What is the advantages of using absentee ballots or allowing voters to vote early?

Assignment Week 5: Qualitative Article ReviewsInstructionsThe assignments for week 5 and 6 will help you develop your critical eye when it comes to reading the literature. The goal is for you to use this as an opportunity to identify the research design and methods that are being carried out by the authors. This skill will serve you moving forward as it will allow you to draw from the literature for your own research moving forward. Looking to the literature for clues can be helpful when it comes to designing your own research as you move forward in the program.Select two articles from the list below and in 1-2 pages single-spaced (per article) address the following:Include the full reference for the article using the writing style specific to your program on the title page.Criminal Justice = APAInternational Relations, National Security, Military Studies, and Intelligence Studies = Turabian.Since multiple writing styles are in use within this course, on your title page, please note which style you are using within your assignment. This will help me cater my comments to the style you are using. The style you use need to be the one that is used within your program of study.State the main goal(s) of the study. Tell me what the research question was.Summarize the research design, and discuss the research method(s) used to answer the research question or assess the hypothesis. (Tell me what the hypothesis/variables/method was.)Summarize the results of the study.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the study's research design.Provide a discussion on how the study can be moved forward. For example, how can the methods be used in your own research proposal? In what other research might these methods apply? Include two well phrased research questions that could be used in follow-on studies to the one reviewed.Format: You should have 1-inch margins on all 4 sides of your papers; your title page should include your name and date; you should use 12-point times new roman font throughout.Things to keep in mind:Avoid using the first person in formal writing and instead write with an academic voice throughout. Academic voice is usually written in the third person (he, she, it), not first person (I, we) or second person (you). Be consistent in voice and person. See Grammar Girl, "First, Second, and Third Person," Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing, January 20, 2011, http://grammar.quickanddirtytips.com/first-second-and-third-person.aspx/. Furthermore, the academic voice avoids abbreviations, contractions, jargon, and slang. Even informal academic discussions are more formal than causal chat among friends.The body of your work should be made up of no more than 20% direct quotes.As you proof read your assignment I encourage you to work with Belcher, Wendy Laura. 2009. "Editing Your Sentences" In Writing Your Journal Article in 12 Weeks: A Guide to Academic Publishing Success. Sage. This resource has a nice step by step process for enhancing your writing.Note: In the case of a broken link each of these articles can be found either within the APUS online library or on the open web.Criminal Justice ArticlesGalanek, Joseph D, Janelle Duda, Daniel J. Flannery, Jeff Kretschmar, and Frederick Butcher. 2016. "Fugitive Safe Surrender: A Qualitative Analysis of Participants' Reasons for Surrender and Anticipated Outcomes to Inform Program Evaluation." Journal of Qualitative Criminal Justice & Criminology 4, no. 2 (November): 161-187.Staton, Monte D. and Arthur J. Lurigio. 2016. "Explaining Similarities and Variations in Program Structures and Professional Roles in Midwestern Mental Health Courts." Journal of Qualitative Criminal Justice & Criminology 4, no. 2 (November): 188-216.Dittman, Layne, and Jurg Gerber. 2016. "Framing Legitimacy: A Qualitative Analysis Examining Local Print-Media Portrayals of an Immigrant Family Detention Center in Texas." Journal of Qualitative Criminal Justice & Criminology 4, no. 2 (November): 217-243.Martinez-Prather, Kathy, Joseph M. McKenna, and Scott W. Bowman. 2016. "The School-to-Prison Pipeline: How Roles of School-Based Law Enforcement Officers May Impact Disciplinary Actions." Journal of Qualitative Criminal Justice & Criminology 4, no. 2 (November): 244-272.Intelligence Studies ArticlesStime, Britta. 2017. "Counterinsurgency Agent Networks and Noncombatant-Targeted Violence." Intelligence and National Security 32, no. 1: 107-125.Thomson, James. 2016. "Governance Costs and Defense Intelligence Provision in the UK: A Case-Study in Microeconomic Theory." Intelligence and National Security 31, no. 6: 844-857.Nussio, Enzo and Kimberly Howe. 2016. "When Protection Collapses: Post-Demobilization Trajectories of Violence." Terrorism and Political Violence 28, no. 5: 848-867.Rabinowitz Or and Nicholas L. Miller. 2015. "Keeping the Bombs in the Basement: U.S. Nonproliferation Policy toward Israel, South Africa, and Pakistan." International Security 40, no. 1: 47-86.International Relations and Conflict Resolution ArticlesIde, Tobias. 2015. Why do conflicts over scarce renewable resources turn violent? A qualitative comparative analysis. Global Environmental Change 33 : 61-70. http://http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy2.apus.edu/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.04.008Abdulkadir, Rahma, and Caroline Ackley. 2014. "The Role of Shari'a-Based Restorative Justice in the Transition from Armed Conflict to Peacebuilding: Do Somalis Hold the View That the Restorative Justice Aspects within Qisas Offer a Solution?." Northeast African Studies 14, no. 2: 111-131. International Security & Counter Terrorism Reference Center, EBSCOhost (accessed January 3, 2017). http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=tsh&AN=98799055&site=ehost-live&scope=siteOyewole, Samuel. 2016. The fate of hostages: Nigeria's conflict theatres in comparative perspective. African Security Review 25 (2): 193-207. http://www.tandfonline.com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/doi/full/10.1080/10246029.2016.1155466National Security/Military Studies ArticlesJones, David and M.L.R. Smith. 2010. "Beyond Belief: Islamist Strategic Thinking and International Relations Theory." Terrorism and Political Violence 22, no. 2: 242-266.Kaldor, David. 2013. "In Defense of New Wars." Stability: International Journal of Security & Development 2, no. 1.Kilcullen, David J. 2012. "The City as a System: Future Conflict and Urban Resilience." The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 36, no. 2 (Summer): 19-39.Hafez, Mohammed and Creighton Mullins. 2015. "The Radicalization Puzzle: A Theoretical Synthesis of Empirical Approaches to Homegrown Terrorism." Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 38, no. 11: 958-975.