The British Arts and Crafts Movement E. W. Godwin, A. H. Mackmurdo, M. H. Baillie Scott Edward William Godwin 1833-1886 • Architect and Designer • Ruskinian Gothic to the Aesthetic movement, influenced by design from Japan • Designed a home for James Whistler, the painter • Northampton Guild Hall, 1861-1864 Neo-Gothic Influence • Engraving Edward William Godwin Beauvale House, Nottinghamshire, England, 1874 http://archiseek.com/2009/1874-beauvale-house-nottinghamshire/ Edward William Godwin Beauvale House, Nottinghamshire, England, 1874 http://archiseek.com/2009/1874-beauvale-house-nottinghamshire/ EW Godwin, Sideboard, 1867 Furniture by Godwin http://www.pashutler.org.uk/page18.htm Arthur Heygate Mackmurdo 1851-1942 • • • • Architect and designer Influenced by Ruskin and Renaissance period Founded the Century Guild of Artists The beginning of Art Nouveau imagery • Mackmurdo • Chair, 1883 • Pre-dates Art Nouveau • Carved and painted mahogany, leather http://www.vam.ac.uk/users/node/7809 • Mackmurdo • Book jacket design for Wren’s City Churches, 1883 • • • Charterhouse Street Elevation, 1900 http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=119421 Mackay Hugh Baillie Scott 1865-1945 • Influenced by Tudor, Voysey, and Neo-Georgian Blackwell, Cumbria, 1901 • Rural retreat for brewery owner, Sir Edward Holt • Fireplace inglenooks Blackwell “The fire…as a substitute for the sun” Cheerfulness akin to the delight sunlight brings http://www.blackwell.org.uk/dining-room • The fireplace in the hall is mirrored by the one in the Dining Room with its original Delft tiles and unusual “keying” of the green slate and pink sandstone lintels. • Here, the dominating colour was blue. The tiles, stained glass and hessian wall hangings play on its various shades, with the oak panelling providing the base note. • The wall hangings, designed by Baillie Scott, would once have had a dark blue background but this has faded, changing the balance of colour somewhat from that originally intended. “A room decorated in tones of blue and mauve”, Baillie Scott wrote, “may be dainty and refined .... fitting for dinner parties”. http://www.blackwell.org.uk/upstairs http://wmmorrisfanclub.blogspot.com/2010/06/m-h-baillie-scott-art-and-soul.html • Manxman piano • 1896 • Ebonised mahogany, carved wood • Pewter, mother-or-pearl • Marquetry of stained wood • Oak high-back • armchair • 1900 • Mahogany barrel • Back armchair • 1900 2019/11/6 Synthesis Paper #3 Synthesis Paper #3 Due Monday by 4pm Points 25 Submitting on paper Synthesis Projects You will develop a 2-page paper demonstrating your understanding of the subject matter of that specific time period. You may choose any design topic of that time that is of interest to you. Think of these projects as an opportunity to gain expertise in an area that is of interest to you. Focus on materials, ornament, structural elements, textiles, furnishings, architectural organization, etc. There is not a limit to an area for inquiry for these projects. Consider the following (you do not need to include all these elements, select the most appropriate ideas for your topic): 1. How did social and political factors influence the design of the period? 2. Select two examples of design from the time period (architecture, interiors, or furniture). Sketch and describe how these two examples represent the time period. Discuss combinations of design periods, if appropriate. 3. Discuss one interior designer or architect from the specific time period. Why were their designs important during this time? 4. Describe significant materials and applications during this time period. Why were these materials important? Each project will be 2 pages in length. It will include 2 hand/manual-drawn sketches or 2 hybrid digital/ manual sketches of designs from the period. Each sketch must include notations with arrows describing the design. https://oregonstate.instructure.com/courses/1738719/assignments/7645865 1/2 2019/11/6 Synthesis Paper #3 Hard copies of the projects will be turned in on the specified due dates at the beginning of class. All late projects will be reduced by 10%. The format for the project may be typed or hand written for the final submission. . https://oregonstate.instructure.com/courses/1738719/assignments/7645865 2/2 Architecture and Interior Design th Through the 18 Century Harwood, May & Sherman 2002 Antiquity 3000 BCE – 476 CE Egypt – 4500-332 BCE • • • • • • • • • • Important Buildings and Interiors Abu Simbel Abydos Deir el-Bahri Edfu Giza – Pyramids Karnak Luxor Sakkara Thebes https://i.pinimg.com/originals/86/b6/b3/86b6b379d20d3ef1d702fcb5710e8211.jpg https://www.craftsmanspace.com/sites/default/files/free-patterns/collection_of_ancient_egyptian_band_pattens.gif Greece – 1000 – 146 BCE • • • • • • • • • Important Buildings and Interiors Choragic Monument of Lysicrates Erectheion – Acropolis Parthenon – Acropolis Stoa of Atalos II Temple of Athena Nike, Acropolis Theater of Dionysos, Acropolis Tower of Winds Temple of Apollo • • • • • • • • Athenian Treasury Sports Stadium Epidaurus Theater Temple of Hera Temple of Zeus Sports Stadium, Olympia Temple of Neptune Temple of Poseidon • Acanthus Leaf • Guilloche • Greek Fret • Spiral • Lotus • Antefix • Egg and Dart https://ka-perseusimages.s3.amazonaws.com/0683043c37 19d0ff5715ba85314432b460f10952.jpg Rome – 509-27 BCE • Important Buildings and Interiors • Forum, Basilica, and Market of Trajan • Apollodorus of Damascus • Forum of Caesar • Pantheon • Theater of Marcellus • Palace of Diocletian, Yugoslavia • Hadrian’s Villa, Tivoli, Italy • Temple of Vesta • • • • • • • • House of Vetti, Pompeii Villa of Mysteries, Pompeii Arch of Titus, Rome Baths of Caracalla Circus Maximus Colosseum Domus Aurea Forum of Augustus Rome • Barrel Vault Ceiling • Arches • Mosaic Floors • Trompe l’oeil Decoration • Perfected use of concrete • Arches, vaults and domes • Rounded arches, repeated • Arcades, series of arches carried on columns • Barrel vault/tunnel, groin or cross vault, dome https://buffaloah.com/a/DCTNRY /i/pallad6.jpg https://www.britishmuseum.org/collectionimages/AN00102/AN00102118_001_l.jpg, https://www.britishmuseum.org/collectionimages/AN00102/AN00102118_001_l.jpg Middle Ages 500-1500 CE Byzantine • Important Buildings and Interiors • Katholikon, Germany • Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey • Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus • Palatine Chapel, Italy • Cathedral at S. Front, France • San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy • Church of the Holy Apostles, Greece • St. Mark’s, Venice, Italy Islamic – th 7 – th 17 Centuries • Important Buildings and Interiors • Mausoleum of the Taj Mahal, Agra, India • Tomb of Ismael the Samanid, Bokhara, Iran • Grand Mosque, Cairo, Egypt • Great Mosque, Damascus, Syria • Selimiye Cami, Turkey • The Alhambra, Granada Spain • Mosque of Sultan Ahmed, Turkey • Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, Israel • Alcazar, Segovia, Spain, 5th Century • Alcazar, Seville, Spain, 1364 Romanesque – th 6 or th 8 Century – 1150 CE • Important Buildings and Interiors • Palatine Chapel, Germany • Autun Cathedral, France, Abbey, Cluny, France, • Durham Cathedral, Durham, England, • Cathedral, baptistery, and campanile, Pisa, Italy • Speyer Cathedral, Speyer, Germany • Worms Cathedral, Worms, Germany https://upload.wikimedia.org/wi kipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/ Cathedral_and_Campanary__Pisa_2014_%282%29.JPG/1920 px-Cathedral_and_Campanary__Pisa_2014_%282%29.JPG China • • • • • • • • • • • nd 2 century BCE – th 18 Centuries Important Buildings and Interiors Terracotta Warriors from the mausoleum of the first Qin emperor of China Forbidden City with the Hall of Supreme Harmony, Beijing Summer Palace Temple of Heaven Huating Temple, Kunming Pagoda of Long-hua, Shanghai Bao’en Temple Pagoda, Suzhou Wangshi Gardens, Suzhou Wild Goose Pagoda, Xi’an Huaqing Hot Springs Palace, Xi’an Japan • • • • • • • • • • • Himeji Castle Engakuji Temple Golden Pavilion, Kyoto Katsura Detached Palace, Kyoto Nijo Castle, Kyoto Shishin-den, Imperial Palace, Kyoto Yakushi-ji Pagoda, Nara Toshogu Shrine, Hikko Yoshimura House, Osaka Shinto Temple of Izumo, Shimane Shrine at Ise, Tokyo Gothic – 1150-1550 • Important Buildings and Interiors • Walled City of Carcassone, France • Chartres Cathedral, France • S. Croce, Florence, Italy • Palazzo Vecchio, Florence • Westminster Abbey, London • Milan Cathedral, Italy • Notre Dame, Paris • Doge’s Palace, Venice, Italy Architectural and Interior Characteristics • • • • • • • • • • • Pointed Arches Twin towers Rose Window Archivolt Flying Buttress Column Capitals Tympanum Central Portal Side Portal Ribbed vaults Apse, Altar, Pulpit • • • • • • • • Gargoyles Rinceau with meandering leaf motif Linenfold motif Metalwork Window details with tracery Quatrefoils, Trefoils Heraldic motifs Tapestry Hangings https://collectionapi.metmuseum.org/api/collection/v1/iiif/463833/979195/main-image Renaissance – 1400-1600 • Focus on order, symmetry, balance, direct observation of nature Italian Renaissance – 1400-1600 • Important Buildings and Interiors • S. Maria del Fiore, Florence • Palazzo Pitti, Florence • Loggia of Raphael, Rome • Laurentian Library, Florence • Sistine Chapel Ceiling, Vatican, Rome • S. Giorgio Maggiore, Venice • Low-pitched roof hidden • Cornice • String course • Rounded Roman arch • Bifora window • String course • Rusticated stone • Central main entry http://www.florencemuseumguide.com/wp-content/uploads/PalazzoStrozzi-624x412.jpg https://encryptedtbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSgCf8KxYodCfDc9I2hxW6C88_xZS hDlMOgFrg4LHRcgYfMnOVliQ https://collectionapi.metmuseum.org/api/collection/v1/iiif/196580/45994 6/main-image Spanish Renaissance – 1480-1650 • Important Buildings and Interiors • Granada Cathedral, Granada – Plateresque • Palace of Charles V, Granada • El Escorial, Madrid • Royal Hospital, Santiago de Compostela • Casa Lonja, Seville • Alcazar, Toledo, Plateresque https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Vista_aere a_del_Monasterio_de_El_Escorial.jpg http://mupart.uv.es/ajax/file/oid/529/fid/1257/Interior,%20galer% C3%ADa%20alta%20del%20Archivo%20General%20de%20.jpg French Renaissance – 1515-1643 • Important Buildings and Interiors • Maison Milsand, Dkjon • Palais de Fontainebleau, Fontainebleau • Chateau de Blois, Loire Valley • Chateau de Chambord, Loire Valley https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/France_Loir-et-Cher_Chambord_Chateau_03.jpg/1920px-France_Loir-et-Cher_Chambord_Chateau_03.jpg https://collectionapi.metmuseum.org/api/collection/v1/iiif/467998/955544/main-image English Renaissance – 1485-1660 Tudor, Elizabethan, and Jacobean • Important Buildings and Interiors • Tudor • • • • • Little Morton Hall, Cheshire Long Gallery, Hampshire Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Stratford-on-Avon Shakespeare’s Home Compton Wynyates, Warwickshire Tudor https://www.britainexpress.com/images/attractions/editor/Little-Moreton-Hall-8513.jpg Elizabethan • Important Buildings and Interiors • Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire • Wollaton Hall, Nottingham • Longleat House, Wiltshire • Great Chamber, Gilling Castle, Yorkshire Elizabethan https://www.visit-nottinghamshire.co.uk/imageresizer/?image=%2Fdmsimgs%2FIMG_1137_804477078.JPG&action=ProductDetailProFullWidth https://media.vam.ac.uk/media/thira/collection_images/2006AT/2006AT6514_jpg_l.jpg Jacobean • Important Buildings and Interiors • Hatfield House, Hertfordshire • Palace, Whitehall, London • Queen’s House, Greenwich, London • Aston Hall, Warwickshire Jacobean https://media.vam.ac.uk/media/thira/collection_images/2006AM/2006AM9033_jpg_ds.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/TulipStair_QueensHouse_Greenwich.jpg/1920px-TulipStair_QueensHouse_Greenwich.jpg American Colonial: England, France, Spain, Germany, Holland, 1600-1800 Colonial Styles in the Americas • Discovery of the Americas in 15-16 centuries led to design that replicated European design • Little regard for existing populations • In Latin America, Spanish Renaissance and Baroque churches • In California, Spanish missions designed in Plateresque style, highly ornamented, low relief Colonial Styles in North America • English settlers of the north east developed the style • 1610-1800 • House frames with mortise and tenon joints, pegged lap joints • Shingle and clapboard exteriors • English medieval house, wooden exterior • Small windows, leaded glass, gabled roofs, brick chimneys Pre-railroad Structures A Field Guide to American Houses, Savage McAlester, V. (2013). Knopf New England Houses Pre-railroad A Field Guide to American Houses, Savage McAlester, V. (2013). Knopf French Colonial Dutch Colonial Video • Old Dutch Architecture in The New American Wing: A Dwelling Room from Albany County, New York • http://www.metmuseum.org/metmedia/video/collections/aw/olddutch-architecture-in-new-american-wing • 32:17 Spanish Colonial Spanish Colonial English Colonial Saltbox Colonial, Hoxie House, Sandwich, MA, 1675 Saltbox Colonial, Hoxie House, Sandwich, MA, 1675 Video • American Furniture in a New Light • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lG0zHTBPUk4 • 27:05 Furniture: Colonial Period 1600-1780 https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WmdqDI-QfiM/VsozhILeUSI/AAAAAAAAGjk/_yXzJ1Wbuk4/s640/jacobean%2Bfurniture.png • Jacobean 1600-1690 • English style, Medieval influence • Straight lines, sturdy construction, ornate carvings, dark finish Furniture: Colonial Period 1600-1780 http://www.furniturestyles.net/american/antique/im/1684-interior.jpg • Early American, 1640-1700 • Local woods, Functional • European influence Furniture: Colonial Period 1600-1780 https://media1.britannica.com/eb-media/41/8741-004-6E7A77A2.jpg • William and Mary, 1690-1725 • Turned legs, ball foot, padded seats, gate-leg table, high boy Furniture: Colonial Period 1600-1780 http://theantiquesalmanac.com/queenannearmchair.jpg • Queen Anne, 1700-1755 • William and Mary influence, refined • Cabriole leg, pad foot, fiddle-back chair Furniture: Colonial Period 1600-1780 http://colonialfurniture.us/images/header-furniture-item.png • Colonial, 1700-1780 • William and Mary, Chippendale and Queen Anne influences • Less ornate than other styles Furniture: Colonial Period http://www.antiquesandthearts.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06//2007-02-26__15-00-03Image4.GIF • Pennsylvania Dutch, 1720-1830 • Simple, functional design • Germanic influence • Colorful painting Furniture: Colonial Period • Chippendale, 1750-1790, UK • French influence, Chinese influence, Gothic influence • In US, more elaborate Queen Anne style Furniture: Colonial Period • Robert Adam, 1760-1795, UK • Classical details • Cabinetry in US European Baroque, 1590-1750 • Important Buildings and Interiors • Town Hall, Amsterdam, Netherlands • Granada Cathedral, Granada, Spain • Royal Palace, Madrid, Spain • Church of S. Nicholas, Prague, Czechoslovakia • Piazza del Popolo, Rome, Italy • Grand Hall, Vienna, Austria Louis XIV – 1643-1715 - Baroque • Important Buildings and Interiors • East façade, Louvre, Paris • Church of the Sorbonne, Paris • Chateau de Vaux-le-Vicomte, Seine-et-Marne • Versailles, Grand Trianon, 1687, Palais de Versailles, 1661-1715 https://media.tacdn.com/media/attractions-splice-spp-674x446/06/72/f5/b2.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Chateau_Versailles_Galerie_des_Glaces.jpg https://designergirlee.wordpress.com/2011/03/04/louis-xiv-furniture/ English Restoration – 1660-1702 - Baroque • Chatsworth House, Derbyshire • Greenwich Hospital, Greenwich • Hampton Court Palace, London • St. Paul’s Cathedral, London • Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire • Blue Drawing Room, Surrey https://www.thewanderblogger.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/inside-st-pauls-cathedral.jpg https://www.silvertraveladvisor.com/system/2/user_files/files/000/062/942/62942/fa75feffa/medium/IMGP2292.jpg Rococo, 1715-1760 Lé Regence and Louis XV – Rococo – 17011760 • Important Buildings and Interiors • Palais de Fontainebleau, Fontainebleau • Chateau de Champs-dur-Marne, Paris • Hotel Crozat, Paris • Hotel de Toulouse, Paris • Palais de Versailles, Versailles, redesign https://2016kingscliffgreendesign.files.wordpress.com/2016/03/canape-louis-xv.jpg https://harrywsmith.com/images/french%20room%20side.jpg?crc=4184035819 English Neo-Palladian and Georgian, 17021770, Rococo • Important Buildings and Interiors • King’s College, Cambridge, Fellows’ Building • Chiswick House, Chiswick • Spenser House, London • Kirlington Garden, Oxfordshire • Marble Hill House, Twickenham • Lacock Abbey, Wiltshire • Harewood House, West Yorkshire https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Chiswick_House.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Floor_paln_of_Chiswick_House_with_additional_wings.jpg American Georgian https://www.nps.gov/long/learn/historyculture/images/house_4.jpg?maxwidth=1200&maxheight=1200&autorotate=false Georgian Style Georgian Georgian Style American Georgian Interior Room from the Powel House, Philadelphia Date:1765–66, remodeled 1769–71 http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/6889 Fireplace wall paneling from the John Hewlett House Long Island, NY Maker:Probably John Hewlett Date:1740–60 http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/6888 • It is a rural interpretation of highstyle design; the eighteenthcentury principles of symmetry and proportion derived from Renaissance architectural theory have not been strictly observed. The arrangement of the fireplace wall is asymmetrical, and the capitals and entablature above the pilasters do not rest on a horizontal support and thus appear to be suspended over the fireplace. The blue of the woodwork is based on traces of original paint. Furniture: Georgian Period http://www.museumfurniture.com/georgian/8sidetable1.jpg http://www.rachels-antique-emporium.com/early-georgian.html • Georgian, 1714-1760 • Ornate version of Queen Anne style • Heavy proportions, Cabriole legs, Pierced back splats, Gilding Early Neoclassical Louis XVI and French Provincial, 1774-1789, Early Neoclassical • Reject the Rococo style • Light scale • Mathematical proportions • Classical forms • Important Buildings and Interiors • Royal Apartments, Fontainebleau • Hotel de Montmorency, Paris • The Mint, Paris • S. Genevieve, Paris • Cabinet de la Meridienne, Versailles • Petit Trianon, Versailles https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co mmons/thumb/d/d9/Cabinet_dore_Marie -Antoinette_Versailles.jpg/800pxCabinet_dore_MarieAntoinette_Versailles.jpg Late English Georgian, 1760-1810, Early Neoclassical • Important Buildings and Interiors • Royal Crescent, Bath • Kedleston Hall, Derbyshire • Charlotte Square, Edinburgh, Scotland • Carleton House, London • Osterley Park, London • Somerset House, London • Saltram House, Psymouth • Harewood House, West Yorkshire https://secure.i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02748/Kenwood_2 748136b.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Inside_ Kedleston.jpg/1920px-Inside_Kedleston.jpg American Federal, 1776-1820, Early Neoclassical Federal Federal Details Details Woodwork and Wallpaper from the Great Hall of Van Rensselaer Manor House Date:1765–69 http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/9996 Furniture: Postcolonial Period 1780-1840 • Federal, 1780-1820 • Combined Hepplewhite and Sheraton characteristics • Straight lines, light construction, inlay • Girandole Mirror, Convex glass Furniture: Postcolonial Period 17801840 • Hepplewhite – 1765-1800, UK • Tapered legs, contrasting veneers, refined proportions Furniture: Postcolonial Period 1780-1840 http://www.antiques.com/vendor_item_images/ori__643875443_1044008_Superb_Early_19th_C_American_New_York_Duncan_Phyfe_Reeded_Leg_Sideboard_Circa_1800-1815.jpg • Duncan Phyfe, 1795-1848, US • Carved legs • Neoclassical motifs Video • The Elements of Style: The Art of Fine Furniture-Making in America – Duncan Phyfe • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3kqz76XMUts • The Met • 2:51:57 Furniture: Postcolonial Period 1780-1840 https://okl.scene7.com/is/image/OKL/Regency_cane_back_fancy_chair_c?$318%20x%20352%20bio%20vt$ • Sheraton, 1780-1820, UK • Straight lines, neoclassic motifs, ornamentation • Most reproduced style in the US during the Federal period Furniture: Postcolonial Period 1780-1840 • American Empire, 1800-1840 • French Empire influence, Classical ornamentation • Carving, dark finish Furniture - Postcolonial Period 1780-1840 http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/images/h5/h5_66.10.17.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Rocker_in_the_Shaker_Village_at_Pleasant_Hill.jpg • Shaker Style – 1820-1860 • Straight tapered legs, woven chair seats • Rectilinear lines Video • Sunday at The Met – Traces of the Gilded Age • http://www.metmuseum.org/metmedia/video/lectures/sam-tracesof-the-gilded-age • 1:23:59 
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