UNIT VI STUDY GUIDE Race/Ethnicity and Gender/Sexuality Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VI Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to: 1. Recognize the ideas of sociological theorists in terms of its historical, economic, and social contexts. 1.1 Recognize how one or more of the three sociological perspectives (conflict, interactionist, and functionalist) can help explain issues such as race/ethnicity discrimination, gender discrimination, or LGBT discrimination in society. Course/Unit Learning Outcomes 1.1 Learning Activity Unit Lesson Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Video: Gender Roles Unit VI Assignment Reading Assignment Chapter 12: Gender and Sexuality Chapter 13: Race and Ethnicity In order to access the following resources, click the links below. Online Classroom Ltd. (Producer). (2007). Gender roles (Segment 6 of 12) [Video file]. Retrieved from https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?auth=CAS&url=http://fod.infobase.com/PortalPla ylists.aspx?wID=273866&xtid=40119&loid=72746 Click here for the video transcript. Unit Lesson In the last unit, we discussed social stratification within the United States as well as global inequality. This unit will continue to discuss stratification and how it is based on gender, sexuality, race, and ethnicity. Gender and Sexuality Why is knowing the gender of an unborn baby so important when buying a baby shower gift or new baby gift? We often have preconceived ideas on attitude, dress, and behavior based on gender. By asking the sex, we can be sure we will buy the correct gender gift for the baby. Seriously, if you visit most baby or children’s store websites, you will note that there are pull-down menus that direct you to boys’ toys and girls’ toys. What is interesting to note is that in the pink section, girls play with girl dolls they call dolls. In the blue section, boys play with boy dolls they call action figures. The other thing to note is that the boys’ toys are mostly actionoriented, and the girls’ toys tend to be more sedentary. Sex is a biological category of people. Gender is a socially constructed category of people. This means that gender does not exist on its own. There are no real men or real women. Instead, there are simply people who we, as a society, decide how they should act or dress in a particular way. Why do men wear pants and train their facial hair to grow? Because we, as a community, train them to do so. Why do many women stay home with their children? Because we teach women to be more nurturing and selfless. Institutions such as the SOC 1010, Introduction to Sociology 1 family, religion, and the media support an ideology that results in sexist genderUNIT relations. Women and x STUDY GUIDE women’s behaviors are valued less than men and men’s behaviors. Title Watch this short video clip called Gender Roles from the video series Core Concepts in Sociology. It talks about how gender roles are taught at a young age and are often different for girls and boys. The clip talks about gender as being socially constructed and a product of socialization. It discusses how gender messages are taught at home, at school, and in the media. Click here for the video transcript. Online Classroom Ltd. (Producer). (2007). Gender roles (Segment 6 of 12) [Video file]. Retrieved from https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?auth=CAS&url=http://fod.infobase.com/PortalPla ylists.aspx?wID=273866&xtid=40119&loid=72746 Can you relate to anything the students are saying in the clip about their experiences and perceptions of gender differences? Were there different rules and chores based on what gender you were in your household or your extended family’s household? Have you heard anyone claim that sexism is outdated? Recently, a student pointed to the fact that he saw a woman operating a steamroller when he was driving on the highway. The very fact that he noticed the one female and not the six males who were also operating them speaks volumes on sexism being alive and well. One of the reasons young people believe sexism is outdated is because they see women in positions of professional equity with men. These women are making strides. However, the older women are still completely disadvantaged and in low-paying, gender-segregated jobs. Moreover, young, uneducated women also find themselves in positions of inequity with men. This is especially true for women of color and poor women. Sexism manifests itself in both attitudes and behaviors at the individual level and at the institutional level. At the individual level, blatant sexism is easy to see. For example, a person may hold sexist attitudes, such as the attitude that males are better than females in business, or males are smarter than females. Individual sexist behavior is often noticeable too. For instance, in a classroom, a sexist teacher might suggest that boys should study math and girls should study the humanities. Subtle sexist behavior in the classroom happens unknowingly when a teacher only calls on boys, or praises the work of mostly boys. Both blatant and subtle sexism in individuals come from individual beliefs. However, individuals are very much aware of their beliefs in blatant sexism; whereas, in subtle sexism, individuals may simply hold traditional ideas of gender norms. Either way, the consequences of both blatant and subtle sexism are very real. However, sexism also exists at the institutional level. Institutional sexism is the subordination of women that is part of the everyday workings of an institution such as education, criminal justice, and the economy. Institutional sexism happens in communities that continue to treat domestic violence as a private matter between a husband and wife. Another example is the higher value given to masculine qualities in organizations (i.e., competition vs. cooperation). Race and Ethnicity What is the difference between race and ethnicity? Race is the grouping and identification by physical characteristics. Race is socially constructed in that people assess certain physical characteristics as being racial. People attribute certain traits and values to the characteristics used when determining race. Although society uses physical characteristics to determine race, there are no significant differences biologically between races. While there is no true difference between humans, throughout history there have been judgements and beliefs that there is a superior race. This is known as racism. While race is a grouping by physical characteristics, ethnicity is membership in a group determined by national origin or distinctive cultural patterns. People can identify themselves as belonging to one or many race and ethnicity groups (Witt, 2018). When discussing race and ethnicity, you often hear the term minority. The textbook discusses minority as a group consisting of members who have less control over their lives than majority group members have. It is important to note that being in a minority group does not have to mean your group numbers are smaller than other groups, you can have a bigger group with less assess to opportunities and control of resources (Witt, 2018). SOC 1010, Introduction to Sociology 2 There are seven consequences of minority status, or patterns of intergroup relations: UNIT x extermination, STUDY GUIDE expulsion, secession, segregation, amalgamation, assimilation, and pluralism.Title An example of extermination is the genocide of a group, such as the history of Native Americans in this country. Expulsion involves forcible removal of a group. Native Americans found themselves kicked out of their communities and land by a western moving white population. Secession is the breaking away of a group. The South tried to secede from the Union during the Civil War. In segregation, groups physically separate or are separated from the dominant group. Keep in mind, this separation is often between other minority groups too. Over time, groups may intermarry, and the result is amalgamation. Here, group A, group B, and group C become a new group – group D. Assimilation is different. In assimilation, groups B and C are expected to become group A. Assimilation requires people to forsake their own cultural heritage and tradition and become part of the dominant group. However, as you can imagine, this is impossible with respect to race. The final intergroup relation is pluralism, when each group keeps their own traditions and all groups are appreciated equally. In this situation, groups A, B, and C stay A, B, and C (Newman, 1973). Sociologists study prejudice and discrimination that occur in society between and among different race and ethnic groups. What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination? Prejudice is a belief or judgement about a group that may be stereotypical or contain preconceived ideas or judgements. Acting on prejudice beliefs and preventing a person assess to opportunities or resources because of their race or ethnicity is discrimination. The main difference is that prejudice is a belief and discrimination is an action. The textbook reading discussed both interpersonal discrimination such as hate crimes and racial profiling, and institutional racism that is where discrimination occurs in social structures like education, health care, and employment (Witt, 2018). It is important for us to understand what ethnicity, race, minority, and discrimination mean because we live in a globalized society full of great diversity. The United States is an example of a very diverse nation with many different ethnic groups and races. The textbook provides statistical data on the different groups in the United States. What did you think of the data provided? Did you already know most of that information or was some of the statistical information on race and ethnicity in the United States new to you? What trends do you think will occur in race and ethnicity in the United States? The end of Chapter 13 discusses immigration trends and immigration policy. Immigration is a hot topic in our nation and in many other areas around the world. The SocThink box on page 341 brings up that many industrialized countries do not have growing populations and will need immigrants to compensate for the declining population. Do you think this is true? What are some pros and cons to immigration? Immigration is very complex, and there are many factors at play. It is recommended to visit the Opposing Viewpoints in Context database in the CSU Online Library and search the topic of immigration. Here you can learn a little bit more about the different immigration views and policies. References Newman, W. M. (1973). American pluralism: A study of minority groups and social theory. New York, NY: Harper & Row. Witt, J. (2018). SOC 2018 (5th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. Learning Activities (Nongraded) Nongraded Learning Activities are provided to aid students in their course of study. You do not have to submit them. If you have questions, contact your instructor for further guidance and information. 1. SocThink Your textbook provides several opportunities for you to explore relevant topics, from personal selfexploration to challenging questions concerning topics being studied in this unit. Taking the time to read and respond to these opportunities will help you learn and apply the information being studied. These opportunities can be found on the following pages:  Chapter 12: o p. 285 o p. 290 SOC 1010, Introduction to Sociology 3 o o o o o  p. 295 p. 297 p. 298 p. 299 p. 300 UNIT x STUDY GUIDE Title Chapter 13: o p. 313 o p. 321 o p. 322 o p. 328 o p. 341 2. Check Your Learning Quizzes are a way to self-test and see if you understand what you are studying. The textbook provides a brief Pop Quiz for each chapter. Take advantage of this learning tool to enrich your learning experience! The answers are provided, so you can check and see how well you did. For this unit, the quizzes are available on the following pages:   Chapter 12: Pop Quiz, p. 309 Chapter 13: Pop Quiz, p. 344 SOC 1010, Introduction to Sociology 4
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