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EENV 243

American Commercial College

EENV

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FIELD WATER SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS: “GREEN LAKE” OBJECT: The object of this experiment is to learn correct sample collection and preservation methods. These techniques will be used by the student later in the semester when doing independent sampling. When the experiment is complete the student should know: • How to differentiate between the various types of samples • How to use automatic sampling equipment • How to collect and preserve a sample • How to use a chain of custody form DISCUSSION: Sampling The importance of correctly collecting a sample cannot be over emphasized. If the sample is collected in an improper container, the wrong amount obtained, or the sample is improperly preserved, the analytical results will be very poor and will be considered invalid. Prior to sampling it is essential to research the type of container to be used, the volume necessary for a valid sample, the type of (if any) preservation method to be used, and the maximum storage time allowed. These parameters are listed in tables such as the Standard Method Table 1060:I "Summary of Special Sampling or Handling Requirements". In addition to the sampling parameters listed above, care must be taken to insure that the correct type of sample is taken. The following is a list of the three most commonly used sample types: • Grab - A sample that is collected in a body of water that is more or less homogenous. The single sample can represent the much larger volume of water. • Composite - A sample that mixes several grab samples that are obtained from the same sampling point but are collected at different times. These samples are used when the content of the water changes with time. • Integrated - A sample that mixes grab samples collected at the same time but at different points in the body of water. These samples are used when the content of the water varies with its location in the body. 1 When preparing to sample, a decision must be made whether to sample manually or automatically. Manual sampling only requires the use of basic field equipment but may be costly and time-consuming for large, long term projects because it is a labor intensive means of sampling. Automatic samplers can sample frequently and continuously. Initial cost of equipment may be costly but in the long run can reduce the cost of labor, especially on long term projects. Care must be taken to properly maintain and service any automatic samplers. During the sampling process it is essential that established protocol be followed to insure the accuracy and legitimacy of the sample. Established protocol also facilitates routine control of the sample. The following is a list of the major points of sampling protocol and chain of custody procedures that must be followed: • Sample Labels - Label sample to prevent sample misidentification. Printed gummed labels are ideal but something as simple as masking tape will be adequate. Include, at the minimum, sample number, place, time, and date of collection. Sampler identification should also be on the label. • Sample Seals - Seal samples to protect sample from being tampered with from the time of collection to the time of analysis. The seal should contain the same information as the label. Attach the seal in such a way that it is necessary to break it in order to open the sample container. • Field Log Book - Record all field data in a bound log book. At the minimum include: purpose, time, date, location (sketch a map of area if one is not available), type of sample, amount of sample, field observation ( weather, turbulence, etc.) sample number, names of people in field, signature of samplers, as well as any other pertinent information. Accuracy is essential when recording information in the log book. This information may need to be recalled several years later and accurate notes will be much more reliable than the human memory. • Chain-of-Custody Record - The chain-of-custody record keeps track of possession of the sample from the time of collection to time of analysis. It should include sample number, time date, and location of sample collection. It should also include signatures of people involved in the chain of possession and the dates they possessed the sample. • Sample Analysis Request Sheet - The sample analysis request sheet accompanies the sample to the laboratory and includes the types of samples to be performed, name of person receiving the sample, sample number and date. • Receipt and Logging of Sample - In the laboratory, the condition and seal of the sample are inspected. The label and seal are compared to the information listed on the chain-of-custody record. The laboratory assigns the sample a number and stores it in a secured place until analysis. 2 PRIOR TO ANY FIELD SAMPLING, SUFFICIENT TIME MUST BE TAKEN TO ORGANIZE THE EQUIPMENT THAT MUST BE TAKEN TO THE FIELD. THIS PROCESS OFTEN WILL TAKE MORE TIME THAN THE ACTUAL SAMPLING. CARE MUST BE TAKEN TO ENSURE THAT ALL EQUIPMENT IS IN WORKING CONDITION AND THAT ALL ACCESSORIES THAT MAY BE NEEDED FOR CALIBRATION, ETC. ARE BROUGHT ALONG TO THE FIELD. DUPLICATES OF EXPENDABLE ITEMS (BATTERIES, MEMBRANES, FILLING SOLUTIONS, ETC.) SHOULD BE PACKED. A THOROUGH "CHECK-OFF' LIST EXPEDITES THIS PROCESS. EQUIPMENT (check-off list)                    notebook and calculator pen/pencil bucket dry cloth misc. tools for repair manuals Conductivity Meter and probe pH meter and electrode DO meter and probe HACH colorimeter HACH digital titrator Sample containers Filtration device Preservation material - cooler, acid Labels and seals Thermometers Accessories - batteries, membranes, filling solutions, scissors Log book, chain of custody record, sample analysis sheet GPS 3 PROCEDURE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Review check-off list Proceed to Green Lake Locate best area for measurements Sketch a map of the area for future reference, record GPS coordinates Review sampling types and methods Perform sampling that can be done on site Properly fill out sample labels and “chain of custody form” Pack equipment for return trip Inspect site prior to leaving to ensure nothing is left behind TO BE TURNED IN: A business letter addressed to me stating the ‘who, what, where, when” of the sampling. Included in the letter should be a brief description of 3 of the results (your choice). As an attachment include the field worksheet notes, description of samples collected for future analysis, completed chain of custody form, and any other pertinent information. For THIS LAB ONLY , you do not have to list individual procedures followed. 4 Field Sampling EENV 243 Fall 2019 SOP Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater Samples Table 1060 Collection and Preservation of Samples Westside soils Superfund RI/FS Green lake Water parameters Temperature pH Conductivity Turbidity Metals Turbidity Expression of the optical property of a sample which causes light to be scattered and absorbed rather than transmitted. Units are the Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU) Turbidity Measures the reduction of transparency in water due to suspended matter such as clay, silt, or organic matter. Causes problems with Aesthetics Filterabilty Disinfection – primary for Env Eng Turbidity - Disinfection When turbidity is caused by organic matter, many pathogenic organisms can be encased in the organic particles These particles can be resistant to chemical disinfection Therefore, the EPA has placed a a limit of 1 NTU as the maximum allowable in public water supplies COLORIMETERY Works on the principle of light transmittance to determine the concentration of various water parameters. Each parameter being analyzed requires a specific light wavelength and specific chemicals used for transmittance comparison. COLORIMETERY Procedure – Compare the light transmittance of a ‘blank’ sample to the light transmittance to a ‘chemically treated’ sample HACH Units Most commonly mg/l or µg/l SAMPLE TYPES GRAB COMPOSITE INTEGRATED SAMPLE “VARIABLES” CONTAINER SAMPLE SIZE PRESERVATION STORAGE SAMPLING “PROTOCOL” Sample Labels Sample Seals Field Log Book Chain Of Custody Record Sample Analysis Request Sheet Receipt And Logging Of Sample Labs – Preferably Certified Will Supply: Labels Seals Chain – of – Custody Sample and Analysis Request Sheet Labs May or may not supply: Bottles Cooler Preservation material Green Lake https://www.google.com/maps/place /46%C2%B000'28.4%22N+112%C2%B0 34'26.0%22W/@46.007892,112.573877,184m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4 m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 Dress appropriately Boots Coat Gloves Hat
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Green Lake Business Letter
Meshalal Meshal
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Dear Prof X:
I am writing to report about an academic field trip for the Mining engineering final year
students that took place on November xx, xxxx, at the Green Lake area. The areas of interest
in the trip were the Green Lake and seep. The objective of the trip was to learn about field
water sample collection and pre...


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