Title of Experiment Experiment Number Date Experiment Performed Your Name Your Laboratory Section Number Partner(s) Name (if applicable) Other Information as Necessary (such as date and laboratory section number of make-up lab) I. Introduction Here you should explain the scientific concepts, objectives and purpose of the lab. This should be in your own words, not copied out of the lab manual or textbook. You should EXPAND on what is provided in the lab manual. Use proper English, write complete sentences, and address only the facts and particulars of the lab work, and don’t talk about how you “feel” about the experiment. (i.e., In this experiment, the relationship between the concentrations of reactants and products was investigated to determine the formation constant for the iron(III) mono-thiocyanate complex ion.) This should not be copied word for word out of the lab manual. II. Procedure You should list the steps you actually followed during the laboratory exercise. This should include what equipment and supplies were used and what methods were used. There should be enough detail in this procedure that you could work out of the report instead of the lab manual. This should not be copied word for word out of the lab manual. Paraphrase the procedure and be concise (not wordy). The procedure must be written in third person, past tense. (i.e., A standard solution of potassium dichromate was prepared. K2Cr2O7 (0.57 grams) was weighed out on an analytical balance and transferred to a 500.00 mL volumetric flask. The flask was filled with deionized water to the half-way mark and the salt allowed to dissolve.) This can be bulleted or numbered. III. Safety Some equipment and chemicals in a laboratory can cause serious harm. The best resources for chemical safety information are Safety Data Sheets (SDS), which can be found in many locations on the internet. A couple of good places to find a wide variety of Safety Data Sheets are at http://www.flinnsci.com/msds-search.aspx/ or http://www.sciencelab.com/msdsList.php . You MUST look up SDS information for the safety section in order to: know how to use the chemicals safely and what to do if there is an accident. Hazards identification, first aid measures, exposure controls, personal protection, and stability and reactivity should be addressed. An in-text citation needs to be included to give credit for safety information. Acceptable in-text citations include (a) using superscript numbers1, (b) using italic numbers in parentheses (1), or (c) author name and year of publication in parentheses (Finnegan, et al., 2004). With the in-text citations, a Works Cited/Bibliography needs to be included at the end of the report. IV. Data and Observations This should be a detailed description of what you observed and possible errors that could affect the results TIED to what was done in lab. (i.e., The solution was heated to a gentle boil. During this process, the solution changed from white to black in color and a solid (precipitate) was observed to form.) This should NOT be a restatement of your procedure! Data should ALWAYS be summarized in a data table. All data tables should be labeled immediately above the table (no double spacing) with a number and description. Example: Table 2. Average of lab group data for distance D and length of distance S. Graphs and figures belong in Section V. Calculations and Results. V. Calculations and Results For all required calculations you must show one sample of each (multiple versions of the same calculation need not be shown). Show all of your calculations; do not leave out steps or drop units! Very large or small numbers can be formatted as 2.93E-04 or 4.06E12 to simplify scientific notation without using superscripts. Highlight, underline or box all final numbers resulting from calculations. Pay attention to significant figures in all calculations! Refer to the significant figures section of the appendix in this manual or in your general chemistry textbook. You must also include a mention of the method you used for computing the percent error. If this experiment does not call for a percent error analysis, you must say that here. If your data can be analyzed in a graph, then you are required to graph the data and include as a figure in this section. Figures should have a title, properly labeled axes (with units), and should be labeled as a figure underneath. Any drawings or graphs should be labeled below as a Figure with title with a number. Example: Figure 1. Times for iodine clock reaction to take place vs. concentration of iodine solution. If you include a graph as an appendix, you must refer to it (in parentheses) in the text of your main lab report. Do not discuss your results here, just report them. VI. Discussion of Results Summarize your results as determined in the previous section. (For example: Based on the calculations of this experiment, the material investigated was found to contain 300 mg of triazole.) This tells the reader what your lab accomplished. You should always include balanced chemical equations. If you include a graph as an appendix you must refer to it (in parentheses) in the text of your main lab report. Did your results coincide with what was expected? (If expected results were available compare to the given value. If no expected results were stated than use your best estimate. Do not just say “results were as expected” without giving a reasonable estimate of what was expected.) If this lab calls for a percent error calculation, the result and explanation for the error must be included in this section. What problems developed that may have affected your results? State how these problems could have changed the outcome. What experimental errors could have influenced the results? Such errors could include reading scales on burets, thermometers, balances, graduated cylinders etc. State how these errors could have changed the outcome. Use proper English, write complete sentences, address only the facts and particulars of the lab work, and don’t talk about how you “feel” about the experiment. VII. References Use parenthetical (in-text) citations following the ACS citation style (http://library.williams.edu/citing/styles/acs.php#intext) within the paper to give credit anywhere that your information is taken from another source. Reference outside sources cited in the text of the report using the ACS citation style (link to ACS citation style guide posted on Moodle). SDS Reference Example: Tin; SDS No. 822.00 [Online]; Flinn Scientific, Inc.: Batavia, IL, April 14, 2011. http://www.flinnsci.com/Documents/SDS/T/Tin.pdf (accessed Aug 25, 2016). VIII. Additional Questions Restate the problem. Provide thorough answers to all the additional questions found at the end of each experiment. Show ALL your work for numerical problems to receive full credit. State the reasons for all descriptive problems. Print Preview Pedure for identifying the Group 2 cation: -drops ofolk Iou to Unknown 2 M and compare to part Aresult Procedure for identifying the Group 17 anion: ald MEP and see the color forms Observations on unknown alkaline earth halide solution: Ca Naz), Cation present Anion present1 Unknown #V Chapter 12: The Alkaline Earths and the Halogens--Two Families in the Periodic Table Post-Lab Material Book Title: Chemical Principles in the Laboratory Printed By: Meshal Almutairi (malmutairi7@mtech.edu) © 2016 Cengage Learning. Cengage Learning © 2019 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, or in any other manner - without the written permission of the copyright holder. Book Title Chemical Principles in the Laboratory Printed By Meshal Almutairi (malmutair7@mtech.edu) 2016 Cengage Learning Cengage Learning Post-Lab Material Name Meshel Almelais Experiment 12 Observations and Conclusions: The Alkaline Earths and the Halogens Name Section 1 A/D. Determining Relative Solubilities of Some Salts of the Alkaline Earths IM Na So. IM Naco, 0 25 M (NHẠCO, 0.1 MKIO, Ba(NOJ, P P P Ca(NO), s P P S S Mg(NO), pacar visible u S S(NO) P Р P р P Key: P = precipitate forms: S = no precipitate forms. Note any distinguishing characteristics of a precipitate, such as amount and degree of cloudiness Consider the relative solubilities of the Group 2 cations in the various precipitating reagents. On the basis of the trends you observed. list the four alkaline earths in the order in which they should appear in the Periodic Table. Start with the one which forms the most soluble oxalate. most soluble Br Wesh si Noje Sa Wosk Mg (Norli least soluble Why did you arrange the elements as you did? is the order consistent with the properties of the cations in all of the participating reagents? B. Relative Oxidizing Powers of the Halogens 1. Color of the halogens in solution: Print Preview Light Brown Pear Br, Clear 1, HEP Red dear Pink Yellowlight clear Yellow Water four 2. Reactions between halogens and halides: Br" CI Bra NR CI NR R NR R Р NR INR R R State your observations with each mixture, noting the initial and final colors of the HEP layer and whic halogen ends up in the HEP layer. Key: R in the HEP layer. Key: R = reaction occurs: NR = no reaction occurs. Rank the halogens in order of their increasing oxidizing power. weakest Bry Ch strongest Iz Is this their order in the Periodic Table? No C. Identification of an Alkaline Earth Halide
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