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I need to have a formal lab report about last weeks lab " Lab #8 Exp 12 The Alkaline Earths and Halogens "
i'll upload what results I got in class + and a formal lab report guide. you can use it and change on it.
+ I need the solution for the lab#8 advance questions.
you have all the info for my cengage.
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Explanation & Answer
Attached.
The Alkaline Earths and Halogens
Introduction
Scientific Concept
The elements in a periodic table are arranged in horizontal rows and vertical columns. Every
horizontal row is known as a period whereas the vertical column is referred to as group. Elements
that fall in the same horizontal row are said to be in the same periods, for example, elements of
period 4. As one moves across a period, there is an increase in the one electron in the outermost
energy level. Similarly, elements occupying the same vertical column are said to belong in the same
group, for example, Group I elements. As on moves down the group, there is an increase in the
number of energy levels by one while the number of electrons in the outermost energy level remain
the same.
Alkaline earths and halogens are groups of the periodic table. Alkaline earths refer to elements in
Group II whereas halogens are elements of Group VII. These two group of elements have different
physical and chemical properties. The common physical characteristics of alkaline earths is that all of
them are metals. The react by losing the electrons in the outermost energy level thus forming a
positive charge (cation). Halogens, on the other hand, are non-metal which exist either as gaseous or
solid form. They react by gaining an electron in their outermost energy level.
Alkaline metals comprise of barium, beryllium, calcium, magnesium, radium, and strontium. They
are moderately reactive elements. There is a trend in variation of reactivity of the elements as one
moves down the group. In compounds, they exist as divalent cations e.g. Mg2+ and Ba2+. Alkaline
earths ions react with certain anions e.g. CO32- and SO42- to form insoluble salt compounds.
Halogens comprise of astatine, bromine, chlorine, fluorine, and iodine. These elements are
relatively reactive. They react by gaining an extra electron thus forming a negative charge (anion).
This property makes them to be oxidizing agents. Fluorine is the most reactive these elements thus it
is the strongest oxidizing agent. Halogens are molecular substances, slightly soluble in water but
more soluble in HEP. Their ions are soluble in water but insoluble in HEP.
It is possible to utilize the solubility properties of alkaline earth cations and oxidizing power of
halogens in developing a systematic procedure to be used in determination of presence of Group II
ion or Group VII anion.
Objectives
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To determine the relative solubilities of some salts of Alkaline Earths
To establish the relative oxidizing powers of Halogens.
To determine presence and identity of Group II ion or Group VII ani...