I will deliver.
Attached.

Cross-cultural Psychology- Outline
Thesis Statement: Current literature indicates differences and similarities between Mexican and
Puerto Ricans including their gender roles, leadership behaviors, work and family values and
many others.
I.

My demographic characteristics
A. Characteristics
B. Puerto Rican culture

II.

My counterpart demographic characteristics
A. Characteristics
B. Mexican culture

III.

How we interacted

IV.

Literature Review
A. Enculturation
1. Parenting and family
2. Education systems
B. Development and cognition
1. Cognitive and moral development
2. Gender Roles and steriotypes
C. Physical and Mental Health, Communication and Personality
1. Health-and emotion-infused thoughts and behaviors
2. Verbal and nonverbal communication
D. Self-identification, socialization, and organizational processes
1. Identity and attribution

2. Social-psychological factors
3. Work-related Value Systems
4. Leadership Behavior


Running head: CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY

Cross-cultural Psychology
Name
Institution

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Cross-cultural Psychology
Introduction
I am a 39-year-old Puerto Rican woman. I have lived in different place hence interacted
with people from different cultures. My sexual orientation is heterosexual. As a Puerto Rican,
our culture is comprised of many traditions. Our culture is very typically Spanish, enough for
any Spaniard to go on vacation and feel like they never left Spain and this cannot be stated
enough. But what makes us distinct enough from Spain and the majority of the Spanish speaking
worlds are the influences of Yoruba, Mandinka, and Taino Native American cultures, however
small. These influences are mostly found in our music through percussion, dance styles, some of
the names of towns, our urban legends and some of our spiritual beliefs, and some of the food
that's eaten. Puerto Rican culture is Spanish culture with African and Native American
influences, and this is what makes our culture unique (Bennett, 2019). Puerto Ricans are chatty
and mostly amiable. Topics we love to talk about are sports: (baseball, boxing and basketball
mainly but association football is catching on too, and horse racing is an essential topic on
Sundays), entertainment such as movies and music, politics-though in that area, just like every
other country.
Counterpart
My counterpart is a 38-year-old Mexican. She originally comes from San Felipe,
Guanajuato but currently stays in Mexico City. Her sexual orientation is gay, and her occupation
is teaching. As a Mexican, there are several cultural characteristics of her culture. Mexican
people are an aggregate of hundreds of peoples who lived in today's Mexico before the invasion
by the Spaniards, each people featuring their unique and distinctive language, social, cultural and

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religious features (Delpar & Smith, 2018). Also, there are people directly descending from the
Spaniards and other Europeans (a small fraction of the overall population) and a vast majority of
people descending from the interbreeding between Spaniards and native Mexicans known as
mestizos. Mexican people are also religious. Religion also has many elements indigenizes.
Furthermore, they are physically diverse. They are people of all colours, with whiter-skinned
people prevailing in the Northern part of the country and darker-skinned people towards the
Southern region.
Situation
Something back in 2009, I spent a few days in Mexico City, attending a conference, and
stayed on for a few days afterwards before returning home. On one of those days, I went on an
organized day tour around the city. Still, the trip was so disappointing because we spent most of
the morning visiting a souvenir shop in the morning, then having a long lunch, before spending
most of the afternoon visiting a factory outlet in the afternoon, leaving very little time actually
spent in the city of Mexico City itself. However, the one consolation of the trip is that I met a
lovely person at a coffee shop. The two of us spent the whole day together and lunch and became
best friends. Later we fell in love and got married. So, I decided to move to Mexico.We have
been married for 11, and we visit her family in San Felipe, Guanajuato about once a year. I have
also made many friends in Mexico City with whom I have passed many a wonderful time.
Mexicans have a different lifestyle and culture. However, have some familiarity with Puerto
Ricans.
Literature Review
Enculturation

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Parenting and Family
Regarding parenting styles and family values, Puerto Ricans and Mexican are similar in
some aspects. According to a research conducted by Nieves-Rodriguez et al. (2017), both
cultures have extended families, with several generations that live in the same household
(grandparents, parents, children, grandchildren, uncles, aunts, nieces, nephews, etc.). Another
study conducted by Barreto (2018) points out that it is still the custom of both Mexicans and
Puerto Ricans, at least in higher proportion than among other ethnic groups, that children will
take care of their parents at home until they die or else until they require specialized medical
care, rather than put them in a retirement home or other similar facility.
Current literature indicates that families everywhere have different individuals with
different values, aspirations, viewpoints and resources. As such, there are always going to be
specific intra-family conflicts. However, (Miville, Mendez & Louie, 2017) alludes that in
Mexican families, family always comes first. Even when there is conflict, when one family
member is upset, angry or disappointed with another, everyone generally puts those things aside
and comes together as a family to celebrate traditional family milestones (christenings, quince
años and other milestone birthdays, weddings, etc.) or to commiserate loss. A similar study
indicates that when an individual is part of a Mexican family, they have to know every member
of the family (Sanche, 2018). To Mexicans, family comes first. Therefore no matter where an
individual goes or does, they are always part of something unbreakable.
Education Systems
The education system in Puerto Rico is almost similar to that of Mexico, but different in
some aspects. According to Bennet (2019), Puerto Rico's education is modelled after the United

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States Has both state private schools and public schools. In his study Barreto (2018) argues that
the schooling system of Puerto Rico also comprises six different levels. Furthermore, the country
has an excellent higher education which is administered and overseen by the Department of
Education of the country and the Puerto Rican Education Council. Before 1948, the education
system of Puerto Rico was managed by the United States. This why Puerto Rico's education
system closely models that of the United States. A recent study indicates that the schooling
system of Puerto Rico just passed an education reform law to consolidate schools and allow
charter schools and vouchers (Sanchez, 2018). Reform has been underway. Moreover, Puerto
Rico's education system is average at best. Schools are taught in Spanish, and the second
language is English. Homeschooling is also legal in Puerto Rico except that neither was
synchronized or legislated.
The education system of Mexico is almost similar to that of Puerto Rico. Twinam (2018)
conducted a secondary analysis on Mexico's education and found out that the county has the
Secretariat makes a centralized curriculum and decisions of Public Education at the federal level.
The standards of education are at all levels by the same ministry except in at autonomous
colleges which have been chattered by the government. Koch (2015) alludes that a mandatory
1917 constitution of Mexico provides that education should avoid religion privileges, and one
religion cannot be giving more preferences over the others. In another study conducted by Vela
(2017), public schools prohibit religious instructions, but the religious association can maintain
privates schools since they do not receive any funds from the government.
Keith (2019) researched both Puerto Rican and Mexican education systems. The researcher
found out that Mexican grades are similar to that of Puerto Rico's. Both countries have classes
and children undergo primary school for six consecutive years. After primary school, a child has

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to attend secondary school for three years, then University for approximately four years. At the
end of the four years in the University, an individu...