Lonstar College Influenza Epidemiology and Nursing Paper

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Description

Write a paper (2,000-2,500 words) in which you apply the concepts of epidemiology and nursing research to a communicable disease. Refer to "Communicable Disease Chain," "Chain of Infection," and the CDC website for assistance when completing this assignment.

Communicable Disease Selection

  1. Chickenpox
  2. Tuberculosis
  3. Influenza
  4. Mononucleosis
  5. Hepatitis B
  6. HIV
  7. Ebola
  8. Measles
  9. Polio
  10. Influenza

Epidemiology Paper Requirements

  1. Describe the chosen communicable disease, including causes, symptoms, mode of transmission, complications, treatment, and the demographic of interest (mortality, morbidity, incidence, and prevalence). Is this a reportable disease? If so, provide details about reporting time, whom to report to, etc.
  2. Describe the social determinants of health and explain how those factors contribute to the development of this disease.
  3. Discuss the epidemiologic triangle as it relates to the communicable disease you have selected. Include the host factors, agent factors (presence or absence), and environmental factors. Are there any special considerations or notifications for the community, schools, or general population?
  4. Explain the role of the community health nurse (case finding, reporting, data collection, data analysis, and follow-up) and why demographic data are necessary to the health of the community.
  5. Identify at least one national agency or organization that addresses the communicable disease chosen and describe how the organizations contribute to resolving or reducing the impact of disease.
  6. Discuss a global implication of the disease. How is this addressed in other countries or cultures? Is this disease endemic to a particular area? Provide an example.

A minimum of three peer-reviewed or professional references is required.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide

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Explanation & Answer

Attached.

Running Head: INFLUENZA

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Influenza
Student’s Name

Instructor

Institution

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INFLUENZA

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Influenza

Influenza is a common viral disease that infects respiratory systems. It is ordinarily
known as the flu virus, and for a significant number of people, the illness resolves on its own.
Nevertheless, the complications that result from influenza can now and then be deadly.
Individuals who are at a greater danger of developing influenza complications include adults,
pregnant women, young children, residents of nursing homes, among others. Although the yearly
flu immunization is not 100 percent effective, it remains the best protection against the disease
(Bao, 2008). Influenza viruses are found in the air and travel as tiny drops when somebody
suffering from the illness talks, sneezes, or coughs.

A person can directly take in the small drops by breathing, or they can get the germs by
touching objects — for example, a computer keyboard or the telephone, and thereafter transfer
them to their nose, mouth, or eyes. Individuals suffering from the disease are bound to be
contagious as soon as the symptoms initially show up until around one week after the symptoms
start. Individuals with weak immune systems might catch the disease for a marginally more
extended period. Flu infections are constantly undergoing transformations. New strains are
constantly showing up (Salomon & Webster, 2009).

Influenza viruses that infect people can be categorized into three main groups: C, B, and
A. The type A influenza disease can be deadly and can bring about widespread illness and
outbreaks. Regular symptoms of Type-A influenza can be mistaken for other conditions. In some
milder cases, the infection can resolve by itself without noteworthy symptoms; however, extreme
cases of Type-A flu can be dangerous. In contrast to a common cold, flu typically happens with
unexpected onset of symptoms (Krammer & Palese, 2015). Primary indications of the disease

INFLUENZA

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include fever, sneezing, stuffy or running nose, coughing, or sore throat. If left untreated, the
influenza virus can cause dizziness, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, or ear infection.

Type B and Type A influenza are the more typical manifestations of this disease,
regularly causing seasonal outbreaks (Tokars, Olsen & Reed, 2017). Generally, type C influenza
only leads to mild infections of the respiratory system. Type B influenza can be similarly as
deadly as Type-A influenza but is not as common during the flu virus season compared to type
A. People are the natural host for the type B flu virus. Type B infections mutate at a slower rate
than type A infections and are grouped according to strains, however, not subtypes. The type B
infection strains take more time for their genetic makeup to change than type A (Bao, 2008).
This radically decreases the danger of a widespread pandemic because of type B flu.

Social Determinants of Health

The social determinants of health include several conditions through which individuals
live. These circumstances are molded by the distribution of important resources at different
levels. These determinants are, for the most part, responsible for health imbalances - the
differences which are not fair or are avoidable in wellbeing status seen in districts. These social
determinants can impact up to 70% of wellbeing results (Cordoba & Aiello, 2016). These
variables are likewise the main impetus behind numerous health disparities that are happening
today around the world. The health social determinants are the built and local environment,
healthcare and fitness, community and social context, education, and economic stability. More
explicit examples include access to economic and social opportunities, availability of resources,
safety in the workplace, quality of education, nature of relationships or social interactions, and
healthy eating option (Cordoba & Aiello, 2016)..

INFLUENZA

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These social determinants of health can affect influenza outbreaks and illnesses in the
United States. The disease is a serious malady that causes 51,000 deaths on average yearly in
America and adds to a yearly financial cost of close to $15 billion because of job non-attendance
and constant therapeutic expenses (Bao, 2008). Even though a few elements may have an effect
on the disease, the attention is explicitly on social determinants that can be modified, which
include inadequate presence of medical care, medicinal interventions and flu vaccination,
neighborhood- and individual-level elements, and policies on the social level.

Accessing vaccination and healthcare services are significant ways people can counteract
extreme cases of influenza. Nonetheless, deeply-rooted imbalances in the continent have
rendered populaces that are nit advantaged more helpless against flu disease due to barriers that
are either institutionalized or structural to the receipt of immunization and other interventions.
These hindrances likewise make it difficult for people who are disadvantaged to know about and
use non-pharmaceutical interventions—including keeping children home from school, hand
hygiene, face masks, social distancing, treatment of cases or isolation of infected individuals, and
home quarantine that is voluntary—that are important when it comes to avoiding outbreaks of
the disease, mainly when antiviral medications or vaccines are ineffective or unavailable, for
example, when a pandemic strain that is new surfaces (Salomon & Webster, 2009).

Notwithstanding being more defenseless against being infected, populations which are
not advantaged socioeconomically and ethnic or racial minorities who are marginalized are not
expected to have proper access to medicinal services, are probably going to be affected by
discriminatory policies, unable to access policies which are equitable, and bound to suspect the

INFLUENZA

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government and officials in charge of healthcare. As a result, people who are disadvantaged
experience a greater danger of extreme flu disease, premature death, or hospitalization.

A developing interest in seeing how contextual elements impact health results has
prompted a rise in research looking into influenza and neighborhood poverty. The neighborhoods
in America, which are disadvantaged, report lower flu immunization coverage and also
experience higher flu-related deaths or hospitalizations. There is increasing thought that people
living in economically disadvantaged communities are progressively helpless against infections
and stressors. Notwithstanding the exposure to stressors that are neighborhood-related, people
living in underprivileged...


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