The Administrative Procedure Act (APA) you have studied this week is one of the most important pieces of legislation ever crafted concerning the public policy process. It clearly spells out how the administrative state goes about creating rules and regulations that, in essence, enforce the public policies that impact your life. A vital question is: To what degree, if any, does the public have a role in the creation of the rules and regulations that enforce public policies? This critical question, which has direct relevance to a representative democracy, is squarely addressed by the APA.Consider the public comment period—announced and chronicled in the Federal Register—that is open to the participation of all Americans. When a bill becomes law, administrative agencies in that area of policy solicit opinions from the public about the proposed rules and regulations designed to enforce that policy. The vast majority of Americans have never read the Federal Register. Most do know that they can attend a public hearing or submit written comments to federal and state agencies. They have a voice about whether proposed rules and regulations should go forward or whether they should be stopped because they are judged to be unsound public policy.Admittedly, the vast majority of Americans do not read the Federal Register, nor comment on proposed rules and regulations. Many may be totally unaware of the role of federal agencies in rulemaking. Yet, the mechanism exists for citizen participation even if ordinary citizens do not avail themselves of those opportunities. The public comment period is, in short, an inclusive, although imperfect, instrument. It allows the public to interact closely not only with unelected civil servants but also, by extension, with the elected decision-makers who originally created the policy.When reviewing this week’s Learning Resources, pay close attention to how disputes about public policy implementation are resolved.Focus on the administrative state and the legal process of resolving disputes about public policy implementation. Pay particular attention to issues of transparency, equity, and efficiency and how they relate to public policy.In addition, think about areas related to public policy of the APA that you believe should be improved, and think about why they should be improved. Consider how you would improve the specific area(s).The Assignment must be 1-1.5 pages and include:1. a description of how you would improve an experience/process that you recently had with a state or federal bureaucracy. 2. Evaluate whether the current administrative state in either the United States is responsive to an increasingly diverse nation, and include any suggestions for further improvement.Resources will be providedGarrett, R. S., Thurber J. A., Fritschler, A. L., & Rosenbloom, D. H. (2006). Assessing the impact of bureaucracy bashing by electoral campaigns. Public Administration Review, 66(2), 228–240.Lim, H.-H. (2006). Representative bureaucracy: Rethinking substantive effects and active representation. Public Administration Review, 66(2), 193–204.Miller, H. T. (2011). Is bureaucracy no longer the technically superior form of organization? Administrative Theory and Praxis, 33(3), 447–452.Moloney, K. (2007). Comparative bureaucracy: Today as yesterday. Public Administration Review, 67(6), 1083–1086.Federal Administrative Act. https://biotech.law.lsu.edu/Courses/study_aids/adl...

Purpose: The purpose of the annotated bibliography is to summarize the sources that you have gathered to support your research proposal project. These summaries help you to think about the complex arguments presented in your sources.Description: In this assignment, you will create an annotated bibliography consisting of seven sources. Each entry will consist of a reference list citation, a summary of the source’s information, and a one-sentence assessment. Each annotation should be between 150 to 200 words. If an entry is shorter than 150 words, it is likely you have not fully developed your summary, and this lack of development can severely impact your grade for this

Discussion Question:Below are some common delegation issues with examples. Give your own examples of over-delegation, under-delegation, and refusal to accept a legitimate delegation, and explain what you would do in each case. Over-delegation. (Would you pass my medications for me and sign off my orders? I’m really busy).Under-delegation. (I’ll do it myself. The nursing assistant argues with me when I ask her to do something/I always have to do it over).Refusal to accept assignment of legitimate delegation. (I don’t know how to do that very well/I have too much work already/It’s always me that gets the work; ask someone else/I’m too busy/I won’t be able to do a very good job, but if that’s what you want…)Your initial posting should be at least 400 words in length and utilize at least one scholarly source other than the textbook. Please reply to at least two classmates. Replies to classmates should be at least 200 words in length.