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Running head: LEADERSHIP

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Leadership

Student Name
Institution Affiliation

LEADERSHIP

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What leadership approach is considered the most dominant among the styles, and why?
Leadership is a trait that one needs to acquire as you grow up. Different styles of
leadership define the type of leader. The most dominant type of leadership is democratic
leadership. In this style, the leaders include the team members in decision making, problemsolving, and encouraging them to be innovative (Reed, 2013). However, after this process, the
leaders make the final decision. It is dominant because it helps the organization in meeting its
goals in the time since the employees are empowered and are given a chance to participate in
decision making.
Explain the differences in working cultures in the U.S. versus Japan. How is leadership
affected?
The working culture in the U.S. and Japan is very different; hence, the leaders are
affected differently. The employees in the U.S. are self- empowered to make decisions on their
own while those from Japan follow a group mentality and depend on decision approval from
their seniors. The workplaces in Japan are very formal, while those in the U.S. are very casual.
As a leader on one need to adjust to fit in these cultures such that leader in the U.S. will practice
democratic leadership while those in Japan will be autocratic.
Why are conceptual skills (Skills Approach) least essential in lower-level management?
At the lower management level, the conceptual skills are least necessary. This is because
they are required by the top managers to make decisions. They help them in visualizing the
whole company and working with ideas that promote teamwork. At the lower management level,
the most vital skills are the technical ones. These technical skills help them in implementing their

LEADERSHIP

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duties. They also need to have excellent communication skills so that they can give adequate
feedback to the top managers.
In relation to women in leadership positions, what is the concept of the "glass ceiling"?
According to studies, there are very few women in the top leadership positions due to the
glass ceiling. Glass ceiling is an invisible barrier that prevents women from being given senior
leadership roles. The causes of this barrier are sexual harassment, job isolation, and sex
discrimination. When women are given these positions, men harass them sexually and lack the
power to speak up. For women to overcome should seek career guidance and look upon their role
models. The government should work on implementing laws that promote gender equality at
work.
Heifetz et al. (2009) defined four adaptive challenge archetypes that aid in identifying
patterns associated with adaptive work. What are the four archetypes (models) and briefly
describe (in your own words) what they mean?
The four archetype adaptive challenges are Gap between espoused values and behaviours,
Competing for commitments, work avoidance, and speaking the unspeakable (Heifetz, Grashow
and Linsky, 2009). Firstly the gap betwe...