Final Project - African Americans

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Humanities

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Final Project

For your Final Project, you may write a paper or create a PowerPoint presentation.

  • If you choose to write a paper, it must be four to five pages in length, plus a title page and reference list, formatted according to APA style.
  • If you choose to create a PowerPoint project, it must be 12 to 15 slides, plus a title slide and a reference slide, formatted according to APA style.
    • Please note that whether you choose to write a paper or create a PowerPoint presentation, you must properly cite your sources according to APA style.

To complete this project

  • Choose from one of the topics below and analyze its history from 1877 to the present.
  • Select four specific events or developments that span the years covered by this course, based on their impact on the topic. Two of the events must be from before 1945 and two events must be from after 1945. You must assess how the events in relationship to the topic changed over time and explain how the changes occurred. Please refer back to your Week Three Assignment, consider your instructor’s comments and make any necessary revisions.
  • Write an introduction with a thesis. Your thesis should summarize the main conclusions that you discovered while researching your topic and that you will support with a logical argument based on evidence (sources). Please refer back to your Week Three Assignment, consider your instructor’s comments, and make any necessary revisions to your thesis statement.
  • Connect each of the events or developments you have chosen back to your main thesis. The information presented must be organized and in chronological order.
  • You must use at least four sources in your paper other than the textbook, with at least two primary sources and at least two secondary sources. Please refer back to your Week Three Assignment, consider your instructor’s comments, and make any necessary revisions.

Choose one of the following topics:

  • Native Americans
  • African Americans
  • Immigrants
  • Women

For example, a student writing a paper about the topic African Americans might choose the Harlem Renaissance and the Black Power Movement as two of their events. In that case, the paper would provide a description of the two movements. It would explain what each one revealed about the role of African Americans in broader American society in, respectively, the 1920s and the late 1960s, explain how and why the roles of African Americans in the 1920s differed from their roles in the late 1960s, and explain how events in the 1920s may have contributed to developments in the later decade.

Writing the Final Project
The Final Project:

  1. Must include a separate title page with the following:
    1. Title of project
    2. Student’s name
    3. Course name and number
    4. Instructor’s name
    5. Date submitted
  2. Must begin with an introductory paragraph that has a succinct thesis statement.
  3. Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought.
  4. Must end with a conclusion that reaffirms your thesis.
  5. Must use at least four scholarly resources other than the textbook, including a minimum of two primary sources. Your secondary sources must come from the Ashford University Library.
  6. Must document all sources, including images, in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
  7. Must include a separate reference page, formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

If you choose to create a PowerPoint presentation, you should use visual elements to contribute to your explanation of the topic. PowerPoint presentations should avoid plagiarism and have proper APA citations for all source material either in the note section at the bottom of each slide, or on the last slide of the show indicating sources for each slide. The final slide must be a correctly formatted reference list containing all of your sources. You may use non-scholarly sources for your images, but not for the text of the presentation. Make sure to pay attention to color and style.

I will attach the copies of the sources, primary sources, and secondary sources.

Also, the Final Project Framework will be added. 

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Historical Event Primary Source: Primary Source: Media Accounts created at the time of an event Primary Source: Photographs of a historical event Tertiary Source: Encyclopedia (or other reference work) article about a historical event Primary Source: Artifacts created or used during a historical event Official or legal documents created at the time of an event First-hand accounts of a historical event from someone who witnessed it Secondary Source: Secondary Source: Journal article about a historical event based on primary and secondary sources Paper about a historical event written by a student based on primary and secondary sources Secondary Source: Book about a historical event based on primary sources and secondary sources Primary Source: Tertiary Source: Tertiary Source: Tertiary Source: Video or documentary about a historical event Book or article about a historical event that is not based on primary sources Educational website about a historical event Tertiary Source: Textbook Primary Sources What are Primary Sources?     Primary sources are documents or artifacts created during a historical event or by someone who personally witnessed a historical event. Primary sources can take many forms, including: o First-hand accounts—oral histories, memoirs, diaries, letters, interviews, etc. o Media accounts—newspaper or television report o Political or legal documents—Congressional Records, Presidential Papers, Court rulings, Speeches, census or tax records o Artistic works—Photographs, paintings, sculptures, films o Artifacts—clothing, buildings, pottery All primary sources, except first-hand accounts, must have been created at the time of the historical event that you are researching. First-hand accounts must be an explanation of the historical event that you’re researching by someone who personally witnessed the event. Where Can I find Primary Sources? There are many places to find primary sources online, like websites for archives and museums. Here are some places where you can find primary sources: Library of Congress Herbert Hoover Library National Archives and Records Administration Franklin D. Roosevelt Library History Matters Dwight D. Eisenhower Library National Security Archive John F. Kennedy Library FBI Archive Lyndon B. Johnson Library Foreign Relations of the United States Richard Nixon Library Tenement Museum Gerald Ford Library Harry S. Truman Library Secondary Sources What are Secondary Sources?     Secondary sources are accounts of historical events written after the event took place and by individuals who did not personally witness them. They are based on primary sources and backed up by other secondary sources. Often, the term “secondary source” is used interchangeably with the terms “academic source” or “scholarly source.” You should usually interpret instructions that ask for secondary sources as asking you for a peerreviewed journal article or book. Where do I find Secondary Sources?    Secondary sources are the product of the analyses of primary sources, with context provided by secondary sources. They are generally written by professional historians or students to build on the work of other historians. The best place to find secondary sources for your work is the Ashford University Library. What separates a Secondary Source from a Primary Source?   Secondary sources and memoirs and oral history interviews are all created after a historical event happened. The important difference is that secondary sources are not first-hand accounts, like memoirs or oral history interviews. What about textbooks and encyclopedias? Are they Secondary Sources?   Textbooks, encyclopedias and other reference works, and most documentaries and educational websites are not secondary sources because they are based only on secondary sources. They are called tertiary sources. Although they provide some good general information that can help students begin the research process, they are generally not acceptable for use in university-level work. WK3 Final Project Framework Worksheet This worksheet will help you prepare for your final project by organizing the information that you’ll need for your final paper and walking you through the process of defining your topic, researching and analyzing primary and secondary sources, crafting a thesis, and creating an annotated bibliography. Once you have completed the worksheet submit it to the online classroom for grading. After your instructor has graded the worksheet, please be sure to use it and the feedback provided to you by your instructor as you construct your final project. 1. Statement of Topic: What topic will you be researching for your final project? You have the choice of:     African Americans Native Americans Women Immigrants You must choose only ONE of the above groups. Which group have you chosen? African Americans 2. Events You will need to choose at least 4 specific events that you plan to discuss in your final project. You should choose events that show how life in the United States changed over time for the group that you chose. Two events must be from the period between 1877 and 1945 and two events must be from the period 1945 to the present. On this worksheet and in your final project, be sure to discuss the events you’ve chosen in the order that they happened. This will help you put together a project that makes historical sense. Event 1: 1877 to 1945 Event: Enactment of Jim Crow Laws When: Jim Crow laws were enacted February 23, 1875 _________________________________________________________________________ Where: Where did the event happen? In a specific city, state, or region of the country? Throughout the country? The Jim Crow Laws were first enacted in the state of Tennessee but other Southern states enacted a similar law which allowed the segregation of African Americans and white people. As a result of Jim Crow laws, African Americans were segregated from society, in the South, until the 1960’s. As a result of these laws, African American were lynched or treated with discrimination in society. Who: Who were the main people involved in the event? What specific group of people was involved? Are there specific individuals associated with this event? Southern people supported Jim Crow laws creating a racial caste system which resulted in many violent or unjust acts angst African Americans. Why: What events or issues contributed to this event happening? The south was angered when they learned slaves had been freed and did not initially follow the law. Once slavery was abolished from the South, Southern people continued to treat African Americans as second class citizens. As a result of extreme prejudice, African Americans were lynched for the most minor of crimes or just out of pure hate. How: How is this event historically significant? Jim Crow Laws allowed the continued discrimination of African Americans. Event 2: 1877 to 1945 Event: Civil Rights Case When: October 17, 1883 Where: Where did the event happen? In a specific city, state, or region of the country? Throughout the country? This event occurred at the Supreme Court when they declares the Civil Rights Act of 1883 invalid. The high court ruled the federal government cannot bar businesses or individuals from discriminating on the basis of race. Who: The Supreme Court made the ruling which would negatively impact African Americans for the next 75 years. Why: What events or issues contributed to this event happening? The Civil Rights Act of 1875 forbid discrimination on the basis of race but even with this law in place, discrimination continued. When the laws was struck down by the Supreme Court, African American were once again subjected to extreme racism and discrimination. How: How is this event historically significant? Members of the civil rights movement, of the time, continued their fight for equal treatment in American society eventually resulting in the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Event 3: 1945 to the present Event: Brown v. Board of Education When: May 17, 1954 Where: Where did the event happen? In a specific city, state, or region of the country? Throughout the country? The United States Supreme Court and impacted the entire country especially the South. Who: Brown v. Board of Education declares segregation in all public schools in the United States unconstitutional. This ruling nullified the separate but equal doctrine. The ruling stopped the segregation of public school guaranteeing African Americans get an equal education. Why: What events or issues contributed to this event happening? This ruling came after centuries of fighting to be free from slavery and to be treated like equal citizens in society. How: How is this event historically significant? Racial segregation resulted in discriminatory treatment for African American even in public school. This ruling paved the way for the elimination of segregation in the south. Event 4: 1945 to the present Event: The Civil Rights Act of 1964 When: July 2, 1964 Where: Congress Who: Who were the main people involved in the event? What specific group of people was involved? Are there specific individuals associated with this event? Martin Luther King and other African American members of the civil rights movement as well as John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson and U.S Congress. Why: What events or issues contributed to this event happening? Years of fighting for equal treatment in society accumulated with the Civil Rights Act. How: How is this event historically significant? Fully ended segregation in the South. 3. Sources You will need to locate two primary sources and two secondary sources related to your topic. Use the primary source analysis tool for help with analyzing primary sources. Primary Sources APA Citation for Primary Source 1: Provide the APA citation for your source. Here are some examples of APA citations. Kennedy, S. (1990). Jim Crow guide: The way it was. Boca Raton, FL: Florida Atlantic University Press. Annotation for Primary Source 1: Provide an annotation explaining what the source is, where it came from, what this source can tell us about your topic, what questions it raises, and how this source will help you prove your thesis. Be sure to clearly identify which specific event this source relates to. Here are some examples of annotations. This book provides important information about the Jim Crow Laws and their impact on African Americans especially in Southern States. Jim Crow laws resulted in the segregation of African Americans in Southern society which led to all types of injustice and acts of violence. This source will be beneficial to understanding the plight of the African American. APA Citation for Primary Source 2 Wasby, S., DeMato, A. & Metrailor, R. (1977). Desegregation from Brown to Alexander: An Exploration of Supreme Court Strategies. Chicago, IL: Southern Illinois University Press Annotation for Primary Source 2: This source provides a first-hand account of the Supreme Court Strategies resulting in the desegregation of African Americans. Through the source, the reader can understand the ruling made by the Supreme Court leading up to Brown v. Education. Secondary Sources APA Citation for Secondary Source 1: Provide the APA citation for your source. Here are some examples of APA citations. Lado, M. (1995). A Question of Justice: African-American Legal Perspectives on the 1883 Civil Rights Cases - Freedom: Constitutional Law. Chicago-Kent Law Review, 70(3): 1123-1195 Annotation for Secondary Source 1: Provide an annotation explaining what the author's thesis is, how they prove their thesis, and how this source will help you prove your thesis. Be sure to clearly identify which specific event this source relates to. Here are some examples of annotations. This source provides a first person legal perspective of African Americans after the announcement of the Civil right Case. The Civil Rights Case ruling resulted in the Civil Rights Act of 1875 being invalidated. This ruling set the civil right movement back a seventy five years and outraged African Americans and supporters of equality. The thesis for this source is “For the majority of African-American political leaders, religious figures, and editors, whose thoughts have been preserved in printed form, the Court's opinion was a profound disappointment, the probable end of an era in which some hope had remained that the federal government would provide legal protection of the rights of citizenship” (Lado, 1995). The author proves this by showing the continued struggle of African American until they gained equality in 1964 with the Civil Rights Act. APA Citation for Secondary Source 2: Levy, P. (1998). The Civil Rights Movement. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press Annotation for Secondary Source 2: The thesis in this book “even though the Civil Rights Movement did not achieve all of its goals, nearly a half century after Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a segregated bus in Montgomery, Alabama, it continues to have an impact on the course of history, serving as an agent and as a model of the quest for human rights. 4. Thesis Statement Once you have analyzed your sources, consult the AWC’s “Thesis Statement” and use the writing center's Thesis Generator to craft a thesis on your topic, based on your findings from your sources. Please remember that there are primary listed in the Week3 Discussion Board 1. You are free to use one or more of those primary sources or you may find your own. You are also welcome to use the secondary sources throughout the course listed as “recommended sources.” Thesis: Even though African Americans currently enjoy the same freedoms as other citizens in America, they struggled for many decades, after to being freed from slavery, to be treated equally, fairly, and without discrimination. WK3 Final Project Framework Worksheet This worksheet will help you prepare for your final project by organizing the information that you’ll need for your final paper and walking you through the process of defining your topic, researching and analyzing primary and secondary sources, crafting a thesis, and creating an annotated bibliography. Once you have completed the worksheet submit it to the online classroom for grading. After your instructor has graded the worksheet, please be sure to use it and the feedback provided to you by your instructor as you construct your final project. 1. Statement of Topic: What topic will you be researching for your final project? You have the choice of:     African Americans Native Americans Women Immigrants You must choose only ONE of the above groups. Which group have you chosen? African Americans 2. Events You will need to choose at least 4 specific events that you plan to discuss in your final project. You should choose events that show how life in the United States changed over time for the group that you chose. Two events must be from the period between 1877 and 1945 and two events must be from the period 1945 to the present. On this worksheet and in your final project, be sure to discuss the events you’ve chosen in the order that they happened. This will help you put together a project that makes historical sense. Event 1: 1877 to 1945 Event: Enactment of Jim Crow Laws When: Jim Crow laws were enacted February 23, 1875 _________________________________________________________________________ Where: Where did the event happen? In a specific city, state, or region of the country? Throughout the country? The Jim Crow Laws were first enacted in the state of Tennessee but other Southern states enacted a similar law which allowed the segregation of African Americans and white people. As a result of Jim Crow laws, African Americans were segregated from society, in the South, until the 1960’s. As a result of these laws, African American were lynched or treated with discrimination in society. Who: Who were the main people involved in the event? What specific group of people was involved? Are there specific individuals associated with this event? Southern people supported Jim Crow laws creating a racial caste system which resulted in many violent or unjust acts angst African Americans. Why: What events or issues contributed to this event happening? The south was angered when they learned slaves had been freed and did not initially follow the law. Once slavery was abolished from the South, Southern people continued to treat African Americans as second class citizens. As a result of extreme prejudice, African Americans were lynched for the most minor of crimes or just out of pure hate. How: How is this event historically significant? Jim Crow Laws allowed the continued discrimination of African Americans. Event 2: 1877 to 1945 Event: Civil Rights Case When: October 17, 1883 Where: Where did the event happen? In a specific city, state, or region of the country? Throughout the country? This event occurred at the Supreme Court when they declares the Civil Rights Act of 1883 invalid. The high court ruled the federal government cannot bar businesses or individuals from discriminating on the basis of race. Who: The Supreme Court made the ruling which would negatively impact African Americans for the next 75 years. Why: What events or issues contributed to this event happening? The Civil Rights Act of 1875 forbid discrimination on the basis of race but even with this law in place, discrimination continued. When the laws was struck down by the Supreme Court, African American were once again subjected to extreme racism and discrimination. How: How is this event historically significant? Members of the civil rights movement, of the time, continued their fight for equal treatment in American society eventually resulting in the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Event 3: 1945 to the present Event: Brown v. Board of Education When: May 17, 1954 Where: Where did the event happen? In a specific city, state, or region of the country? Throughout the country? The United States Supreme Court and impacted the entire country especially the South. Who: Brown v. Board of Education declares segregation in all public schools in the United States unconstitutional. This ruling nullified the separate but equal doctrine. The ruling stopped the segregation of public school guaranteeing African Americans get an equal education. Why: What events or issues contributed to this event happening? This ruling came after centuries of fighting to be free from slavery and to be treated like equal citizens in society. How: How is this event historically significant? Racial segregation resulted in discriminatory treatment for African American even in public school. This ruling paved the way for the elimination of segregation in the south. Event 4: 1945 to the present Event: The Civil Rights Act of 1964 When: July 2, 1964 Where: Congress Who: Who were the main people involved in the event? What specific group of people was involved? Are there specific individuals associated with this event? Martin Luther King and other African American members of the civil rights movement as well as John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson and U.S Congress. Why: What events or issues contributed to this event happening? Years of fighting for equal treatment in society accumulated with the Civil Rights Act. How: How is this event historically significant? Fully ended segregation in the South. 3. Sources You will need to locate two primary sources and two secondary sources related to your topic. Use the primary source analysis tool for help with analyzing primary sources. Primary Sources APA Citation for Primary Source 1: Provide the APA citation for your source. Here are some examples of APA citations. Kennedy, S. (1990). Jim Crow guide: The way it was. Boca Raton, FL: Florida Atlantic University Press. Annotation for Primary Source 1: Provide an annotation explaining what the source is, where it came from, what this source can tell us about your topic, what questions it raises, and how this source will help you prove your thesis. Be sure to clearly identify which specific event this source relates to. Here are some examples of annotations. This book provides important information about the Jim Crow Laws and their impact on African Americans especially in Southern States. Jim Crow laws resulted in the segregation of African Americans in Southern society which led to all types of injustice and acts of violence. This source will be beneficial to understanding the plight of the African American. APA Citation for Primary Source 2 Wasby, S., DeMato, A. & Metrailor, R. (1977). Desegregation from Brown to Alexander: An Exploration of Supreme Court Strategies. Chicago, IL: Southern Illinois University Press Annotation for Primary Source 2: This source provides a first-hand account of the Supreme Court Strategies resulting in the desegregation of African Americans. Through the source, the reader can understand the ruling made by the Supreme Court leading up to Brown v. Education. Secondary Sources APA Citation for Secondary Source 1: Provide the APA citation for your source. Here are some examples of APA citations. Lado, M. (1995). A Question of Justice: African-American Legal Perspectives on the 1883 Civil Rights Cases - Freedom: Constitutional Law. Chicago-Kent Law Review, 70(3): 1123-1195 Annotation for Secondary Source 1: Provide an annotation explaining what the author's thesis is, how they prove their thesis, and how this source will help you prove your thesis. Be sure to clearly identify which specific event this source relates to. Here are some examples of annotations. This source provides a first person legal perspective of African Americans after the announcement of the Civil right Case. The Civil Rights Case ruling resulted in the Civil Rights Act of 1875 being invalidated. This ruling set the civil right movement back a seventy five years and outraged African Americans and supporters of equality. The thesis for this source is “For the majority of African-American political leaders, religious figures, and editors, whose thoughts have been preserved in printed form, the Court's opinion was a profound disappointment, the probable end of an era in which some hope had remained that the federal government would provide legal protection of the rights of citizenship” (Lado, 1995). The author proves this by showing the continued struggle of African American until they gained equality in 1964 with the Civil Rights Act. APA Citation for Secondary Source 2: Levy, P. (1998). The Civil Rights Movement. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press Annotation for Secondary Source 2: The thesis in this book “even though the Civil Rights Movement did not achieve all of its goals, nearly a half century after Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a segregated bus in Montgomery, Alabama, it continues to have an impact on the course of history, serving as an agent and as a model of the quest for human rights. 4. Thesis Statement Once you have analyzed your sources, consult the AWC’s “Thesis Statement” and use the writing center's Thesis Generator to craft a thesis on your topic, based on your findings from your sources. Please remember that there are primary listed in the Week3 Discussion Board 1. You are free to use one or more of those primary sources or you may find your own. You are also welcome to use the secondary sources throughout the course listed as “recommended sources.” Thesis: Even though African Americans currently enjoy the same freedoms as other citizens in America, they struggled for many decades, after to being freed from slavery, to be treated equally, fairly, and without discrimination.
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