Summary DirectionsThe summary assignment requires you to write a minimum of 200 words. The format for submission of your paper follows:1. The course name/number, your name, date of submission.2. In writing your summary, begin the summary by using the title, author, and main points as you understand them. You can use your own words to state the main points and other details of the article you have read. The assignment requires you to demonstrate your understanding of the main points presented by the author(s) in the article.Example: In the article "When Work Disappears," the author, William Julius Wilson, explains the impact of the advancement of technology and industries relocating to other areas leaving behind a working class labor pool.

Citizen engagement and activism inform government of the needs of the citizenry and often result in the implementation of polices and laws that address those needs. On a national level, a number of events in recent history illustrate the impact of citizen engagement in public administration and public policy. One example is the establishment of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Public outcry following the publication of Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle led to the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act, which established the FDA. Similarly, massive citizen protests had an impact on the ending of the war in Vietnam.For this Discussion, select a specific example, from your own experience or from the media (such as the Occupy Wall Street movement) that illustrates the role of citizen engagement and activism as they relate to public administration and/or public policy. Search the Walden Library, and select an article that supports or expands upon your example of citizen engagement.ReadingsShafritz, J. M., Russell, E. W., Borick, C. P., & Wyde, A. C. (2017). Introducing public administration (9th. ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.Review Chapter 2, “The Political and Cultural Environment of Public Policy and Its Administration” (pp. 40-70)Bryer, T. A. (2013). Designing social media strategies for effective citizen engagement: A case example and model. National Civic Review, 102(1), 43–50.Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.Glaser, M. A., Hildreth, W., McGuire, B. J., & Bannon, C. (2011). Frederickson’s social equity agenda applied. Public Integrity, 14(1), 19–38.Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.Teachout, Z. (2012). Legalism and devolution of power in the public sphere: Reflections on Occupy Wall Street. Fordham Urban Law Journal, 39(5), 1867–1894.Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.The new laboratories of democracy: How local government is reinventing civic engagement. Part one: Structure and form. (2009). National Civic Review, 98(2), 3–8.Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.Pfeffer, J. (1992). Understanding power in organizations. California Management Review, 34(2), 29–50.Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.Wedel, J. R. (2011). Federalist no. 70: Where does the public service begin and end? Public Administration Review, 71, s118–s127.Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

POS 2041 American National Government Research Project Module Learning Objectives Complete a research project related to one of the Standard Course objectives. (CO 3, 4, or 5) Analyze the influences on American National Government in policy decisions. (CO 5) Demonstrate proper application of APA formatting and reference documentation. (CO 6) Research Analysis Project This is a semester long research paper which involves researching and analyzing a topic related to your studies within political science. The topic must be selected from the list below. This paper will be submitted in two parts: Part 1 – An introduction paragraph with a thesis statement of at least 200 words. The introduction paragraph should specifically describe the direction you plan to take in this research paper. Please support this paragraph with one to two academic sources in proper APA citation format. (50 points) Part 2 – The completed research paper addressing one of the approved topics. (see list below). The paper must be at least 1000 words, with a minimum of 5 academic sources noted in proper citation format within the body of the paper and listed on the reference page. (100 points)  Select one of the topics below: Write a paper in which you discuss the role interest groups play in the American political system and how they attempt to shape public policy. After that, select a specific national piece of legislation during the Obama administration and identify two groups in favor of the legislation and two groups opposed to the legislation. Explain how the groups attempted to influence the passage or defeat of the legislation. Write a paper in which you discuss the role of the president as chief legislator. Why is there conflict between Congress and the president while the president is performing the role of chief legislator? Select a specific instance of public policy conflict between Congress and President Obama and explain the reasons for the conflict. In the United States, we use the winner-take-all electoral system in electoral districts for Congress. Write a paper in which you discuss the winner-take-all system and the proportional system of representation. For the proportional system, you should select a country that use the proportional system and briefly explain how it works in that country. Should the American winner-take-all system be abolished and replaced with a proportional system of representation? If yes, why? If no, why not? Do not discuss the presidential election process. Do not discuss the Electoral College. Focus on congressional (U.S. House) districts. Write a paper in which you define foreign policy, discuss the role of the president and Congress in foreign policy formulation, and discuss a specific foreign policy (toward a country) of the Obama administration. Make sure to give the name of the policy, the nation involved, and indicate what the policy was designed to accomplish. Over the years the balance of power between the nation and the states has shifted. Write a paper in which you briefly discuss (in one or two paragraphs) how the Framers of the Constitution arranged government power between that nation and the states. After that, discuss two periods in American history that impacted on the balance of power between the national government and the states. Within those two periods, specify what lead to the shift in power. Explain how power shifted between the national government and the states and identify the level of government that gained the power. Identify the power that was gained. Do not discuss the period of transition from the Articles of Confederation to the Constitution. Discuss periods after ratification of the 1787 Constitution. Compare and contrast the roles of the Legislative, Executive and Judicial branches with regard to one of the following current issues: 1)Immigration; OR 2) Lesbian, Gay, Bi-sexual, Transgender (LGBT); OR 3)Digital Privacy.