Write an outline and a paper on an economics topic from chapters 1 and 2 in the Heyne text.write an outline that organizes your paper and includes an introduction and a conclusion. This is a separate deliverable and is intended to assist students in writing outlines and organization.The papers should demonstrate your understanding of the economic issues and should follow a format similar to: • Introduction• Background• The pros to your concept• The opposing points of view• ConclusionThe papers should follow APA and have properly cited references. (if you have any questions on this please see the information in “course information” and then feel free to ask)Topic.What do we mean when we say, "That's just a coincidence; it doesn't prove anything"? How does theory enable us to distingush relevant evidence from more coincidence?

Question 1Last week we discussed the one sample hypothesis test. This week we will discuss ANOVA. The ANOVA allows us to test the mean between  two or more groups. Teachers Example, I have five pizza delivery areas and I want to know if the average sales per run is different in one area than any of the other areas.H0: There is no significant difference in the sales per run between the delivery areasH1: There is a significant difference in the sales per run between the delivery areasNotice how the hypothesis is very simple. There is a difference or there is not a difference. Again, we will use MegaStat. You cannot calculate ANOVA by hand.Just put your own sales for each area in a column and click the Megastat menu, select analysis of variance, and highlight your data and click enter. Check your p-value. Interpret.Here is the teachers example :      Area 1    Area 2     Area 3   Area 4    Area 5 $  45.00  $  13.00  $  12.00  $  34.00  $  37.00 $  34.00  $  24.00  $  37.00  $  25.00  $  22.00 $  36.00  $  34.00  $  27.00  $  23.00  $  32.00 $  45.00  $  23.00  $  17.00  $  36.00  $  42.00 $  53.00  $  32.00  $  28.00  $  23.00  $  35.00 $   43.00  $  21.00  $  39.00  $  35.00  $  37.00 $  45.00  $  23.00  $  35.00  $  45.00  $  28.00 $  65.00  $  24.00  $  26.00  $  34.00  $  13.00 $  32.00  $  37.00  $  45.00  $  23.00  $  24.00 $  30.00  $  45.00  $  27.00  $  53.00  $  15.00 $  40.00  $  32.00  $  34.00  $  29.00  $  63.00 $  23.00  $  34.00  $  16.00  $  28.00  $  35.00             One factor ANOVA                          Mean  n  Std. Dev       32.45  40.917  12  11.1719  Area 1     32.45  28.500  12  8.6707  Area 2     32.45  28.583  12  9.9951  Area 3     32.45  32.333  12  9.3355  Area 4     32.45  31.917  12  13.3448  Area 5       32.450  60  11.2347  Total                  ANOVA table             Source  SS    df  MS  F    p-value Treatment  1,230.4333  4  307.60833  2.72  .0386 Error  6,216.4167  55  113.02576       Total  7,446.8500  59                      The p-value is less than .05 so I do not reject the null

Companies often try to keep accounting earnings growing at a relatively steady pace,thereby avoiding large swings in earnings from period to period. They also tryto meet earnings targets. To do so, they use a variety of tactics. The simplestway to control the timing of accounting revenues and costs, which all firms cando to at least some extent. For example, if earnings are looking too low thisquarter, then some accounting costs can be deferred until next quarter. Thispractice is called "earnings management". It is common, and it raisesa lot of questions. Why do firms do it? Why are firms even allowed to do itunder GAAP? Is it ethical? What are the implications for cash flow andshareholder wealth?