Camden County Chromatography and Separation of Colors Lab 3

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Science

Camden County College

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This is a lab report that will require hands on. Pictures need to be included of the process of the lab. they have to be your own pictures and not from google. Eveything should be in the document with directions and everything.

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Chromatography and the Separation of Colors Background: As you have read in Chapter 2, light is a form of energy that travels in waves and therefore is part of the Electromagnetic Spectrum. Visible light has a wavelength range between 300 nm and 700 nm. White light is a combination of all light in that range. However, if you pass white light through a prism, it will separate the white light into its components, which are the colors of the rainbow: Purple, Blue, Green Yellow, Orange and Red – each with its own wavelength. Dyes, pigments, inks and other molecules are able to absorb light of one wavelength and transmit light of another wavelength. This pair of colors are known as complimentary colors. For example, purple and yellow are complimentary colors. If something absorbs the wavelength of purple it will transmit the wavelength of yellow, and yellow is what you will see. (We see the color transmitted). Green and red are complimentary to each other as are blue and orange. Some dyes are a combination of 2 colors, for example orange can be a combination of red and yellow. Chromatography is a word derived from “chrome” or color. It is a general method used by scientists to separate one substance from another. The ability to know that you have successfully separated the material was based on visually seeing separation of color. In chromatography the sample is placed on a solid support, such as paper or a column of beads. It is then placed in a liquid (or gas) that will move up the paper or column. The sample mixture will dissolve in this “mobile phase” – each component to a different extent. The components that are very soluble (dissolve very well) will travel the farthest up the paper. The component that is least soluble will travel the shortest distance. Changing solvents can change the order of separation, how much the components separate, even if they will separate at all. Purpose of Lab: to detect the separation of different color inks by paper chromatography In this laboratory you will: 1) 2) 3) SAFETY: learn the technique of paper chromatography learn the different color components of ink learn about solubility Be sure to wear your goggles to protect your eye from splashes Materials needed: Scissors 2 Tall glasses water fine tip black pen pencil coffee filter GOGGLES Isopropyl Alcohol (rubbing alcohol) (drugstore or grocery) fine tip black marker (water soluble) colored markers ruler paper clip Procedure: 1. Select a tall glass 2. Take a coffee filter (or paper towel) and cut a rectangular strip about an inch wide and long enough to reach the top of the glass and bend over the top. 3. About 2 cm from the bottom of the paper, draw a light line in pencil – this is the origin line 4. At the center point of the line, take your marker and press it to the paper making a small circle DO NOT LET THE CIRCLE GET TOO BIG 5. 6. let the ink dry for a minute re-apply the marker 2 or 3 more times on the same spot so you get as much ink as you can on the filter (DO NOT LET THE DOT GET TOO BIG) 7. 8. 9. Place the strip into an EMPTY glass and take note as to where the line is Take the strip out of the glass Add water to the glass - you want the water level to come underneath the dot 10. Place the strip back into the glass. If it does not stand up straight use a paper clip to hold it in place DO NOT LET THE WATER TOUCH THE DOT – if the water touches the dot the ink will run into the water instead of moving up the glass. Ink spot Water 11. Allow the water to move up the strip as far as it can – don’t let it run off the strip - take a pencil and draw a mark across the paper where the solvent stopped (this is the end line) -draw a circle around each colored dot you see End line Origin line 12. Repeat the procedure for your color marker. 13, Repeat steps 1-12 in a second glass – this time using isopropyl alcohol instead of water. Data Collection 1. Distance traveled by solvent: measure from the beginning of the paper to the end line 2. Distance traveled by spot: measure from start line to center of individual spot 3. Record your data and calculate the Rf factor by dividing the distance traveled by the spot by the distance traveled by the solvent (this will let us compare data) 4. place your results in a table like this 5. MAKE SURE YOU MARK AND LABEL YOUR STRIPS Organized Data Table Sample Possible Spots Color of Spot Distance Spot Traveled (X) in cm Distance Solvent Traveled (Y) in cm Rf Value X/Y Black 1 marker 2 (water) 3 5. Repeat the exact same experiment for the black water soluble marker Sample color marker (water) 6. Possible Spots Color of Spot Distance Spot Traveled (X) Distance Solvent Traveled (Y) Rf Value X/Y 1 2 3 Repeat this exact same procedure for 2 other samples of your choice. For example – ball point pen, permanent black marker, green marker, orange marker… Sample Possible Spots Black marker (rubbing alcohol) 1 2 3 Color of Spot Distance Spot Traveled (X) Distance Solvent Traveled (Y) Rf Value X/Y Color marker (rubbing alcohol Possible Spots Color of Spot Distance Spot Traveled (X) Distance Solvent Traveled (Y) Rf Value X/Y 1 2 3 C. Conclusions Questions: 1. Did you see color separation – if not, what do you think happened? 2. If you did see color separation, why do you think some markers worked better in water while others worked better in isopropyl alcohol? 3. Based on the Rf values, which marker had the color that moved the farthest? ` FOR THIS LAB MAKE SURE YOU HAND IN THE FOLLOWING: LAB FORMAT: 1. Raw Data - picture of your marked and labeled strips Make sure everything is labeled 2. Calculations of Rf values – make sure you use metric system units (cm) 3. Organized data - submit all tables 4. Conclusion Questions 5. Picture of lab in progress • • The lab report must be submitted through CANVAS -no labs are accepted via e-mail You may upload the files or you may cut and paste into the submission box. If you have any questions – e-mail me through web study and I will be happy to help. Grading Rubric: Item Completed Tables Conclusion Questions (A-D) Calculations Pictures of Experiment Points 20 10 10 10
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Explanation & Answer

Hello buddy, find the attached.

1

Running head: CHROMATOGRAPHY

Paper Chromatography
Student’s name:
Name of the school:
Registration number:

1

2

CHROMATOGRAPHY
A. Organized Data Table
1. Black dye
Sample

Possible
Spots

Color of Spot

Distance Spot
Traveled (X) in
cm

Distance
Solvent
Traveled (Y)
in cm

Rf Value
X/Y

Black marker

1

purple

2.5

3.0

0.83

(Isopropyl
alcohol)

2

Grey

2

3.0

0.67

3

Sample

Possible
Spots

Color o...


Anonymous
Just what I was looking for! Super helpful.

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