Answer the following sociology questions

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Wrotee an essay answering the following prompts:

1. Using what you learned from Simmel, Latane, and Darley, define the following terms: dyad, triad, and social loafing. Provide an example of how each term impacts communication.

2. Discuss Mead’s idea of social identity, using the terms I, Me, and Generalized Other to explain the concept.

3. Discuss how the looking-glass self and dramatology contribute to developing social identity.

4. According to Turkle, why is it hard to be alone? Why do people need to learn to be alone in order to have healthy social interaction?

5. Susan Cain explains that humans interact differently. Identify and explain three important learnings from her TED talk.

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2.1: Social Norms Have you ever considered why you do what you do? Why do you dress the way you do? Why do you eat the food you eat? Why do you spend your free time the way you do? To understand why, you must first understand that what you consider normal may be different than what your classmates consider normal. Your definition of normal may be different than that of people in other parts of the country or the world. In sociology, we aim to debunk the idea of normal, to acknowledge and recognize that normal is different based on different social norms. Norms are a socially accepted behavior. For instance, if you step on an elevator today and stand looking at all the people (instead of turning around and facing the door), you are, in theory, defining a socially accepted norm or behavior. This may not seem significant because we do not define our lives by the direction we face in the elevator, but it becomes incredibly significant in learning to define meaning for your life. We will explore large structures of society that define social norms, such as education and social media, and examine how individual interactions shape how we understand the world. If you understand the effects of large-scale societal structures and small-scale societal interactions, then you will better understand society as a whole. Source (YouTube video: Symbolic Interactionism): https://www.youtube.com/embed/jF QIIM8IRZU 2.2: Social Identity As we noted in the previous module, one of the primary, powerful, and unavoidable ways that we come to see ourselves, others, and the social world is through interactions with other people, such as family, friends, acquaintances, co-workers, and even strangers! This module examines the work of several sociologists who have explored the nature and impact of such interactions. Main Ideas • • • • • Georg Simmel’s “dyad and triad” Bibb Latane and John Darley’s “social loafing” George Herbert Mead’s “I, me, and generalized other” Erving Goffman’s “dramaturgy” Charles Horton Cooley’s “looking-glass self” George Simmel George Simmel was a German sociologist who was most interested in studying human interaction, including the impact that the number of people in a group may have on interaction. In this regard, he discussed the dyad and triad. A dyad is the most basic form of human interaction, and it consists of two people. A triad is a three-person group. He noticed that the nature of interaction changed when one more person was added to a dyad to make a triad. For example, in a triad: • • • If one person exits the interaction, there remains human interaction between the two remaining persons. Coalitions may form between two members of the triad in response to another member of the triad. Three sets of dyads are present within the triad, which offers a variety of human interaction. In the language of the course, Simmel was trying to determine if there is more than what meets the eye in human interaction patterns, and he concluded that there is! More specifically, he believed that the number of people involved in the interaction makes a difference with respect to the nature and relative quality of the interaction and, ultimately, to human relationships. Latane and Darley Bibb Latane and John Darley were social psychologists who, during the 1960s, also became interested in the connection between the size of a group and the nature of human interaction. For example, in one highly publicized case, they studied the stabbing of a woman in New York City in 1964. At least 38 residents were in close proximity to the woman during the stabbing, and they heard her screams, but they did absolutely nothing to respond. Latane and Darley concluded that all 38 residents simply believed that someone else would respond. Another way to say this is: The larger the group, the less responsible each member of the group feels for what may occur in their midst. This phenomenon is called “social loafing.” Think about it. Have you seen it happen? What about in a college classroom of 30 students when the professor is trying to get students to respond to different prompts. Maybe three to five students respond, and respond regularly, which makes it even easier for others in the class to “socially loaf," simply because they can be inconspicuous in a class comprised of that many people. Social loafing is a great concept. If you are interested, look up some of the other studies that these researchers did to illustrate the power of social loafing! The size of the group seems to make a difference with respect to individual responsibility of group members, as well as to the nature and quality of human interaction. George Herbert Mead Mead was an American sociologist who is often credited with being a forerunner of a particular school of sociology that is now called “symbolic interactionism” (feel free to explore further online if you wish). Symbolic interactionism also focuses on human interactions with a particular eye towards the ways in which human interactions in smaller groups and larger groups contribute to or shape human identity. Mead suggested that a person’s social identity was comprised of three component parts: the I, the Me, and the Generalized Other. He used the concept of the I to illustrate that aspect of every person that is creative or imaginative; the I is that part of the self that can be characterized as individualistic or free-thinking. In contrast, Mead used the Me to depict that aspect of every person that responds to and reflects the interests of other persons, other groups, and other things; the Me is that part of the self that can be characterized as conformist or willing to be controlled by external forces. Mead used the concept of the Generalized Other to represent other groups or things that exert some level of influence on every person. In fact, Mead suggests that various forms of the Generalized Other have powerful effects on the shaping of a person’s identity. Some examples of the Generalized Other are peer groups, athletic teams, family, social class, church, America, race, and the generation. For Mead, your identity is formed via a dynamic process in which you interact regularly and continuously with others, other groups, and other things. Every person both conforms to the interests exerted from these interactions as well as maintains some level of individuality through it all. Needless to say, such interactions have considerable impact on how we come to see ourselves, other groups, and all other things in the social world. Erving Goffman Goffman was an American sociologist who also was interested in human interaction. More specifically, he compared human interactions with the theater, calling it “dramaturgy.” That is, he believed that everyone plays roles—quite intentionally—based on how they want others to see them. He also believed that people are willing to play different roles with different people, with different groups of people, or as circumstances warrant. In other words, with one group of friends, you act one way, but with another group of friends you act quite a different way. Or, in one social setting (e.g., family) you act a particular way, but when you go to another social setting (e.g., school), you act quite differently. According to Goffman, how a person acts has everything to do with the particular impressions that they desire to make on the particular group with whom they are, at any given moment, associating. Of course, the purpose for trying to cultivate particular impressions has everything to do with wanting to be associated with particular persons, groups of persons, or other social entities. Charles Horton Cooley Cooley was an American sociologist, most notably at the University of Michigan. One of the concepts for which Cooley is famous is called the looking-glass self, a concept that he first used in 1902. Similar to Goffman’s idea of dramaturgy and Mead’s idea of the Me, Cooley proposed that we look to others to determine what we will look like: Others are a mirror (or looking glass) in which we see who we should be and what we should do. Said another way, we take our cues from what we think others want us to be and to do. These interactions with others and other groups, then, are absolutely vital in shaping our social identity or, in the context of this course, how we see ourselves, others, and all other parts of social life. If we look into the mirror of a particular group of friends and conclude that “we want to be the person that they want us to be”—acknowledging that they want us to look a certain way, act a certain way, not hang out with a certain other group of people, be interested in certain kinds of music, and not to care about school—then that is the person that we become, even though it may not be for forever, especially if we are just 10 years old at the time! 2.3: Social Interaction Watch: TED Talk: Sherry Turkle “Connected, but Alone?" Source: https://www.ted.com/talks/sherry_tu rkle_connected_but_alone/up-next Watch: TED Talk: Susan Cain "The Power of Introverts" Source: https://www.ted.com/talks/susan_cai n_the_power_of_introverts/up-next Please, read and watch all of the above materials prior to looking at the essay questions. Also, plagiarism is complete prohibited since they use sophisticate materials to check for plagiarism. 2.4: Module 2 Instructions Instructions Please review the note on plagiarism, if you have any questions as to what you may or may not use from the presented materials or outside sources in your answers. Write an essay answering the following prompts: 1. Using what you learned from Simmel, Latane, and Darley, define the following terms: dyad, triad, and social loafing. Provide an example of how each term impacts communication. (10 pts) 2. Discuss Mead’s idea of social identity, using the terms I, Me, and Generalized Other to explain the concept. (10 pts) 3. Discuss how the looking-glass self and dramatology contribute to developing social identity. (10 pts) 4. According to Turkle, why is it hard to be alone? Why do people need to learn to be alone in order to have healthy social interaction? (10 pts) 5. Susan Cain explains that humans interact differently. Identify and explain three important learnings from her TED talk. (10 pts)
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Running head: SOCIOLOGY ESSAY

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Sociology Essay
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SOCIOLOGY ESSAY

According to George Samuel, a German Sociologist he was so much interested in the
study of human instruction including the impacts of the instructions in the groups they interact
with. According to him, the dyad is the basic form of instruction and it involves two people. And
triad is human instruction that involves three people. On the other hand, social loafing is a case
where an individual applies less force to achieve a given task when working in a group than
when he or she works alone. According to George both triad and dyad had the same impact in
that they provided a quality outcome. While according to Latane and Darley social interaction
makes work easier by reducing the workload of an individual.
George Herbert Mead an American sociologist who is credited with the forerunner of a
given school of sociology which is now referred to as symbolic instruction. He suggested that the
person's social identity was composed of three parts that are, the I, me and the generalized other.
The I is based on the individuals thinking. Basically, it means what a person can think of alone
without external influence. The me is also part of an individual’s thinking but is influenced by
external forces. On the other hand he used the generalized other to refer to those external forces
that influence the thinking of each and every person. But on most occasions, the generalized
other had a greater influence and powerful effect on individuals since they help in shaping
character and also shaping the identity of an individual. They include peer groups and even the
church.
Dramatology is an idea that was put forward by Goffman while looking-glass self is an
idea that was invented by Charles Horton Cooley. Goffman suggested that we have to look at
people to know how we look like that means others act as a mirror what was referred to like the
looking glass by Cooley where we can see how we look like and what we should do. It is

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SOCIOLOGY ESSAY
therefore very important to take human interaction with a lot of seriousness and it helps in
shaping characters of individuals and also helps in social identity. We look at a mirror of a
particular group of friends then from that we decide to be the kind of people they want as to be.
Feeling lonely has become a bigger problem that people need to solve. Turkle talked
about loneliness and how human interaction has shifted as a result of technology. This has
resulted in co...


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