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Homework #1 – Glaciers in the Swiss Alps (10 points)
European scientists in the 19th century realized that many parts of Europe were covered
by glaciers in the past, and therefore climate must have been much colder. What caused the Ice
Ages was a key scientific question in the mid- to late 19th century. Ignace Venetz, an engineer in
charge of the railroads in Switzerland, monitored the front of active glaciers in the Swiss Alps
and based on finding similar deposits all over the Alps argued for a past ice age in 1821. Other
scientists such as Jean de Charpentier, Jens Esmark, and Louis Agassiz all recognized the
previous extent of glaciers based on geomorphic landforms and convinced naturalists by the mid1800s of a former Ice Age in Europe.
In this exercise you will take a close look at some of the same glaciers that Ignace Venetz
and Louis Agassiz studied to see if you can identify past changes in the extent of the glaciers.
You will identify glacial features in and around the Rhone Glacier and the Stein Glacier,
reconstruct the maximum extent of these glaciers during the Little Ice Age (~16th-18th century in
Europe), and docum...