main themes emerging historical background, Psychology Assignment Homework Help

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Your presentation should address the following:
The purpose of your research paper
The importance of investigating your topic
The historical background of your topic within the field of psychology
The main themes emerging from each of your sub-disciplines as they relate to your topic  (cite research here)
The important conclusions you have drawn from your literature review (comparing and contrasting the sub-disciplines), including any gaps/inconsistencies and how they inform your research project/social program
The highlights of your proposed project/program, including purpose, methods, proposed outcome/results, ethical considerations, strengths and weaknesses etc
Directions for future research in your topic area
The most interesting thing you have learned in the process of doing this review (about your topic and about yourself as a student)



my topic is on students athlete using steroids

i need a writer to do a powerpoint slides and use my research paper in it

i will upload my research paper so u can use it on the presentation slide

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Student Athletes Using Steroids Student Athletes Using Steroids 2 Introduction This research focuses on the use of steroids by student athletes to enhance their physical performances in competitions. Sports are prominent ventures that are valued and vilified by many societies. Many youth will thus try all available means to be the best and beat the present competition. This competitive drive to win and be the best can be very fierce, leading to some athletes opting for shortcuts and artificial enhancements to boost their performance. The availability of performance enhancement drugs means that it is readily available to every individual who could be interested in taking them. This includes student athletes where some may misuse their availability to boost their performance in the field. This is made evident by the large numbers of student athletes caught with traces of steroids in their system before major tournaments. This is as found out by a research done by ESPN Player, which found out that there was asteroids loom in major, college football tournaments. (ESPN Player, 2012). According to the report, there was a high number of student footballers who were using energy boosting steroids. This was in a bid to win in the country’s major football tournaments. The most affected population were the men in the competition. Besides, there was a remarkable percentage increase of the use of energy boosting steroids among student athletes. This was mainly fuelled by the fact that they had, as said afore, become so available to anyone interested including students (ESPN Player, 2012). The need and dream of winning a gold medal for their nation, personal accomplishment and securing a spot in a team makes it easy for student athletes to succumb to the temptation of using performance-enhancing drugs. Other causes are individual traits such as impatience with standard practices, laziness and shying away from hard work (ESPN Player, 2012). This was found out by researchers who posted their findings on the Huffington Post daily pointing to various causes of the increased use of steroids among student athletes. 3 Apparently, according to the articles, there are so many students in the United States who are using the steroids in self-medicated packages that are against the medical practice. The article also poses the reality of the menace of use of steroids in schools by citing various student athlete cases of the use of steroids (Whyte, 2011). The use of steroids in sports raises the question of ethics in sports while at the same time exposes these athletes to career loss after exposure, addiction, and psychological effects of anabolic steroids, which are the most common enhancers ever used. This research aims to address the student athlete’s use of steroids in sports. This will bring about integrity to sports and also enable institutions to train ethical athletes who are likely to have a longer span in sports than those using steroids. Besides that, knowledge of the various strategies that can be used to cut the practice is greatly appropriate. This topic is of interest because of the recent rise in steroid use among high school students and college students’ athletes (ESPN Player, 2012). The interest raised by the development and the widespread use of these performance-enhancing drugs is the effect that this would have on the credibility of national competitions. Besides this, the increased use puts the country’s athletic ambitions in question if suspicions of steroid use extend to all athletes, rather than just a few . Encouraging the students to work on their athletic potential and cease with immediacy from use of the performance enhancing drugs is the ultimate goal of this paper. They would, besides developing their athletic skills, preserve their health. The importance of this study is that address the psychological and biological impacts these drugs have on athletes. Young athletes are lured into steroid use by seeing the hike in performance of steroid users in the field. Such youths may be attracted to try steroids to 4 match what they see other users performing in the field; the delusion of the effectiveness of the use of steroids moves students to believe that their performance will equal that of other field users. Following this belief, they continue to use the drugs without understanding the negative effects associated with their use. The class of anabolic steroids have serious side effects and risks, such as, increased aggressiveness, increased cholesterol, stroke, blood clots, urinary and bowel problems, balding and testicle shrinking, hyper masculinity in young men and feminizing effects on young men (Avishkar, 2007). On this note, some of the affected youthful users, especially the young men, may exhibit rapid changes in mood as well irritability and aggression (Craig,2008). In one case in research on the effects of the drugs by (Avishkar, 2007), a user attributed the use of such drugs to reduced performance although the drugs made them feel stronger and more athletic. This effect is not to just a few number of users, as a matter of record, students who had used the drugs are said to have had gone for “S parties”, a term used to refer to a situation where they would inject each other in turns with the drugs. This gave them the look that they had but made them experience the previously mentioned effects (Avishkar, 2007). Steroids also have psychological effects such as increased irritability, aggression, violence, depression, and suicidal tendencies (Craig, 2008). A National Institute of Drug Abuse study in 2002, reported that 2.5% of 8th graders, 2.5% of 10th graders, 4% of 12th graders, and an average of 6% of athletes overall had used drugs to enhance their performance (NIDA, 2002). From those numbers it is clear the need to address this problem as it affects a sizeable population and to promote integrity and hard work in sports. 5 Some of the technical terms used in this study are anabolic effects, which are hormones that promote muscle building. Androgenic effects are traits responsible for male traits such as facial hair and deep voices. The paper will look at use of steroids from a cognitive psychology and biological perspective. This will evaluate the physical and biological impacts of the drug and the psychological impact of the drugs. Basically, as from the literature review, there are different psychological effects that are related with the student’s ability to think clearly. These are the aforementioned factors such as irritability and very aggressive nature due to mood swings as a result of their use. The physical perspective deals with the observable body changes that are effected by the use of such drugs. Findings from this literature review will be used to inform an evidence-based social program to educate young athletes on the dangers of performance enhancing drugs. The history of research on steroid use among young athletes can be traced back to the sport psychologist Dr. Carl Diem in Berlin, in the early 1920s. His study analysed steroid abuse and impact on sports performance and eventual physical and psychological health of the athlete. He reported that there was a positive correlation between athlete’s health in their later life and their former lives as active athletes. Most of the athletes who used the steroid enhancing drugs had a troubled adulthood faced with various sclerotic diseases. This was found to be caused by discontinuation of the drugs by the athletes. Besides this, some of the athletes attributed the use of drugs to reduced sexual activity, which is a physical effect of the use of steroids. Need to find the source. Following a thorough review of steroid use in athletes from the cognitive and biological psychology perspectives, an evidence-based social program will be proposed to educate student athletes about the dangers inherent in steroid use. This program will set to 6 identify causes of steroid abuse, awareness sessions, and rehabilitation and support programs for athletes both using and not using the steroids. The rest of the paper shows the various studies conducted on young athlete steroid use over the years, the summary of findings and recommendations to tackle this social problem. Cognitive Psychology This study by Verbeke et.al. (2011) sought to identify the relationship between cognitive feelings of masculinity and entitlement and the use of AAS (anabolic-androgenic steroids). The research found that young men who felt the need to increase their masculinity traits were more likely to use AAS. Self-entitlement among young men also drove more to use AAS to establish their masculinity and boost their ego. Steroid use is thus dependent on the cognitive needs of the user. This study by Blashill (2014), on the other hand set to indicate the relationship between AAS use and increased aggression, impulsiveness and violence among adolescent users. Results from this study show that AAS directly affect the cognitive skills of an individual. Though this is not clear to most people and research on its truthfulness is ongoing, because there are almost satisfactory theoretical perspectives, which have been made to support the construct. For instance, the case of a student who gave his account on the use of steroids in schools by athletes, he clearly said that after using the drugs, they found themselves under mood swings. There is a proof of association between mood swings and loss of cognitive ability. For this reason, most of the athletes may be aggressive and violent. This study by Hildreth et.al. (2013) set to identify the relationship if any of AAS use and depression and stress related complications. Results show that some steroids are depressive and can even lead to suicide. 7 The study by Frick (2012), sought to establish relationship between AAS use and effects on cognitive functions over the years. Extended use of AAS will permanently affect hormonal balance and cognitive functions, which revolve around an individual’s ability to logically construct realistic and sound decisions based on his or her surroundings. If rehabilitation happens early then, the effects can be reversed. Need to find the article again to cite it in reference page ( sorry ) b: Relevant terms AAS: Anabolic-androgenic steroid c: Critique Literature The articles sought to identify the involvement of the cognitive functions in steroid use and the impact of steroid use in cognitive functions. A person is driven to steroid use by cognitive desires to excel, self-entitlement for increased masculinity and personal gain. The increased use of steroids will negatively affect cognitive functions such as depression, suicidal tendencies, aggression, and violent behaviour. These articles were helpful in establishing a cause and effect map on steroid use among student athletes. The study will be bound by various limitations. Some of these limitations include the availability of quantitative data since most of the students cannot give their stories on experience with the drugs. Secondly, the issue of time may arise considering that it may be time intensive due to the technicality involved. However, the research will be conducted since the benefits of undertaking it far outweigh the costs. d: Main Themes The main themes are the cognitive functions leading to steroid abuse are, selfentitlement and self-appraisal through masculinity. Impacts of steroid use on cognitive 8 functions such as aggression, depression, impulsiveness, suicidal tendencies and reduced cognitive functions in old age are also addressed. a: Biological Psychology This study by Hildebrandt et.al. (2014) studied the relationship between use of steroids and impact on the prefrontal cortex, which affects self-regulation. The study showed that use of steroids minimized prefrontal cortex functions resulting in an individual being violent and aggressive due to lack of self-regulation. This study by Parent and Moradi, (2011), sought to establish whether the benefits of E2 hormone( Estradiol) secreted by ovaries and which enhances memory functions can be artificially produced to increase patient memory. It was found that the E2 can increase memory functions but with negative side effects. Considering that most student athlete’s to excel in studies as well, they continuously use this drug to enhance their memory such that after they are in the filed working out, they can easily capture what was taught in their absentia. The third study evaluates use of AAS and its impact on LAH component of the brain. This causes AAS users to have low inhibitions and thus more aggressive. b: Relevant terms LAH- latero-anterior hypothalamus AAS- Anabolic androgenic steroid c: Critique of literature 9 The articles discuss the impact of steroids on various brain parts and impact such as aggression, increased memory functions but with negative side effects and inhibition of selfregulation and control. d: Main Themes The main themes are self-regulation, memory functions and cognitive functions of the brain and how steroids affect these parts and functions. IV Integration of Sub Discipline A & B The themes that stand out in both sub disciplines are that steroids provide extremely quick fixes to physical performance and muscle growth. This is what is used to market these drugs without describing the negative biological and cognitive side effects of steroid use. Steroids affect brain functions affecting self-regulation, memory, and cognitive function after extended use, depression, suicidal tendencies, aggressiveness, violence and biological impacts such as feminine traits in men, or androgenic traits in women. It also affects sexual characteristics and can lead to impotence or low sperm count. These studies have not researched steroid use in a school setting to establish prevalence and impacts. V. Proposal This social program will involve the study of student athletes on steroid abuse. Sports being prominent and highly valued, the menace of steroid has become common among all athletes including students. There have been research studies on the extent of possible effects of the use of the steroids among professional athletes. These studies however have not researched steroid use in a school setting to establish prevalence and impacts. This social 10 program would involve a focus on the student athletes to identify the usage and the impact of the steroids. Purpose The purpose of this social program is to identify causes of steroid abuse, organize awareness sessions, rehabilitation and support programs for student athletes both using and not using the steroids. The social program will entail findings on the best means to use the community to avert the loom of using steroids among students. This is to ensure that problem is addressed wholly and a long term solution is achieved. The Program and the Participants The social program would consist the working together of all the participants in order to identify what works best for the student’s athletes and all the affected stakeholders. The participants of the program would include practitioners, researchers, the sporting specialists and other interested professional organizations. This in order to bring on board all the key stakeholders and to ensure the program is well coordinated and an extensive impact is achieved. Ethical consideration The programs of similar nature can fail to recognize the harms it might have on the society. This is because the society is composed of different people. It comprises of economically disadvantaged people, the politically underrepresented and the culturally disadvantaged who need to be considered. The participants would need to identify and understand the society in order to minimize unethical practices. Implementation 11 The implementation of the social program would necessitate the engagement of professionals for it to be effective as different specific skills would be required. The blood sample testing of the student athletes for the steroids would need engagement of medical practitioners. The Psychologists and Social workers services would also be required in the program in order to ensure effective training and creation of awareness. They would be in the forefront to lead and implement the program. Funding The funding of the program would include from the government, sporting associations, nongovernmental organizations and all other stakeholders such as the not for profit organizations. The problem of use of steroids is affecting the whole society and all the necessary resources including the finances would be of much significance to support the program. An appeal for support of the program from the above stakeholders would be sought to ensure that everyone is brought on board. Assessment The program would be tested for its effectiveness by evaluation of the level of the extent on the targeted student athletes. This would involve the post implementations practices such as re- testing for steroids in the blood of the students after some time. This is in order to determine the level of achievement of the anticipated drop rate of the steroids usage and the next course of action. The strengths and limitations The strength of the program is the ability to talk to the affected students to get all the relevant data. The program however have limitations which would include the availability of 12 quantitative data since most of the students might not give their stories on experience with the drugs. Secondly, the issue of time may arise considering that it may be time intensive due to the technicality involved. 13 References Avishkar, W. Q. (2007, April 10). Youth and Steroids -- a Deadly Combination. From ABC News: http://abcnews.go.com/Health/story?id=3026285 Craig, E. (2008, February 5). Impact of Steroids on Young Athletes. From NBC News: http://www.nbcnews.com/id/22994497/ns/health-childrens_health/t/qa-impact-steroids-youngathletes/#.VtsrpN6FZdg ESPN Player. (2012, December 20). Steroids loom large over programs. From ESPN Player: http://espn.go.com/college-football/story/_/id/8765531/steroids-loom-major-college-footballreport-says NIDA. (2002). Monitoring the Future: National Results on Adolescent Drug Abuse. New York: National Institute of . Whyte, J. (2011, June 20). Are Student Athletes Taking Steroids? From Huffington Post: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/john-whyte-md-mph/student-athletes-steroids_b_850952.html Blashill, A. J. (2014). A dual pathway model of steroid use among adolescent boys: Results from a nationally representative sample. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 15(2), 229-233. doi:10.1037/a0032914 Craig, E. (2008, February 5). Impact of Steroids on Young Athletes. Retrieved from NBC News: http://www.nbcnews.com/id/22994497/ns/health-childrens_health/t/qa-impactsteroids-young-athletes/#.VtsrpN6FZdg ESPN Player. (2012, December 20). Steroids loom large over programs. Retrieved from ESPN Player: http://espn.go.com/college-football/story/_/id/8765531/steroids-loommajor-college-football-report-says Hildreth, K. L., Gozansky, W. S., Jankowski, C. M., Grigsby, J., Wolfe, P., & Kohrt, W. M. (2013). Association of serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and cognition in older 14 adults: Sex steroid, inflammatory, and metabolic mechanisms. Neuropsychology, 27(3), 356-363. doi:10.1037/a0032230 Hildebrandt, T., Langenbucher, J. W., Flores, A., Harty, S., & Berlin, H. A. (2014). The influence of age of onset and acute anabolic steroid exposure on cognitive performance, impulsivity, and aggression in men. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 28(4), 1096-1104. doi:10.1037/a0036482 NIDA. (2002). Monitoring the Future: National Results on Adolescent Drug Abuse. New York: National Institute of . Retrieved March 4, 2016, from http://monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/overview2002.pdf Parent, M. C., & Moradi, B. (2011). His biceps become him: A test of objectification theory's application to drive for muscularity and propensity for steroid use in college men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(2), 246-256. doi:10.1037/a0021398 Verbeke, W. J., Belschak, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Rijke, Y. B. (2015). Postgame testosterone levels of individuals in team-based status games are affected by genetic makeup, gender, and winning versus losing. Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics, 8(3), 135-159. doi:10.1037/npe0000041 Whyte, J. (2011, June 20). Are Student Athletes Taking Steroids? Retrieved from Huffington Post: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/john-whyte-md-mph/student-athletessteroids_b_850952.html Crane, J. (Ed.). (1998). Social programs that work. Russell Sage Foundation. 15 Pärssinen, M., & Seppälä, T. (2002). Steroid use and long-term health risks in former athletes. Sports Medicine, 32(2), 83-94. US Department of Health and Human Services. (2011). National registry of evidence-based programs and practices. Federal Register, 76(180), 57742-57744.
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Explanation & Answer

Hello Moes.... here is the Presentation.... I have included all the requirements for you... Ready for presentation...

By
Moes

* Assessing the span of the use of steroids among
students

* Identifying the underlying reasons
* Assessing the available literature on steroids use
* Understanding the effects of using the Steroids
based on such research

* Outline the recommendations for averting the said
issue.

* Identifying the areas that need more research on
this topic

* It sheds light on the various reasons that drive
youthful student athletes to use steroids t
enhance performance.

* It unmasks the somewhat unvested topic of

youthful engagement in steroid use in schools.

* It gives a ground on further investigations and
ways of reducing the menace in school
competitions.

* Steroid use in schools have increased over the
past few years.
* The increase in abuse has resulted to reduced
performance in other areas.
* Various health and psychological issues have
been found in student athletes which can be
linked to the use of steroids.
* Steroids have a negative effect on the overall
wellbeing of student athletes in the long run
and these effects should be investigated.

* The main themes include”
1. The availability of drugs
2. How student athletes get to start using the
3.
4.
5.
6.

steroids.
Effect of steroids on the psychological processes
in students.
Effect of the steroids on the health of students.
Sources of the drugs....


Anonymous
Really useful study material!

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