University of the Rockies Quantitative Research Studies Paper

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University of the Rockies

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Prior to beginning this assignment, you must complete the Quantitative Research Studies: Part 1 (Peer Feedback) discussion and receive feedback from your instructor and classmates. Read the article by Coughlin, Cronin, and Ryan (2007), Step By-Step Guide to Critiquing Research. Part 1: Quantitative Research. Next, review the web-based information by Trochim (2006) on the External Validity (Links to an external site.) and Internal Validity (Links to an external site.) Then, watch the Reliability & Validity (Links to an external site.) video. Refer to the Ashford Writing Center resource Writing an Article Critique (Links to an external site.) to help you analyze and review each article.

This paper is the second part of a two-part integration. Review the discussion threads you, your classmates, and your instructor posted in the Quantitative Research Studies: Part 1 (Peer Feedback) discussion forum. Make note of constructive suggestions, integrate feedback and ideas into your analysis of the articles, and/or identify new quantitative research articles if instructed to do so by your instructor. Incorporate this information into your paper.

Navigate to this week’s discussion forum to review your feedback if necessary.

In your Quantitative Research Studies: Part 2 paper,

  • Create a complete APA citation for three articles that report on quantitative research studies that address your research topic or research focus. Consider accessing the Ashford Writing Center’s Formatting Your References List (Links to an external site.) for more on completing a complete reference citation.
  • Critique each research study, identifying the research question or questions, the hypotheses, the size and characteristics of the sample for each study, the type of statistical analysis that was used to evaluate the data, and evidence of any lack of consistency or bias in the way the study was conducted.
    • Analyze how the studies are similar in the ways each study addressed the research topic and how they are dissimilar, noting which study was more compelling to you and why.
  • Evaluate the general concept of research validity in quantitative research studies, as defined by Trochim (2006).
  • Evaluate the extent to which each study exhibits internal and external validity, identifying the potential threats, if any, to external validity in each of the three studies.
  • Explain any unresolved questions about your topic of interest that were raised by the studies, and how further quantitative research on this topic would augment the findings of the studies you reviewed.

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RES7105.W3A1.10.2019 Description: Total Possible Score: 10.00 Critiques Three Quantitative Research Studies, Providing an APA Citation for Each and Identifying the Research Question(s), the Hypotheses, the Size and Characteristics of the Sample for Each Study, the Type of Statistical Analysis that Was Used to Evaluate the Data, and Evidence of Any Lack of Consistency or Bias in the Way the Study Was Conducted Total: 2.00 Distinguished - Thoroughly and clearly critiques three quantitative research studies, providing a complete and accurate APA citation for each and identifying the research question(s), the hypotheses, the size and characteristics of the sample for each study, the type of statistical analysis that was used to evaluate the data, and evidence of any lack of consistency or bias in the way the study was conducted. Proficient - Critiques three quantitative research studies, providing an APA citation for each and identifying the research question(s), the hypotheses, the size and characteristics of the sample for each study, the type of statistical analysis that was used to evaluate the data, and evidence of any lack of consistency or bias in the way the study was conducted. Minor details are missing, slightly unclear, or inaccurate. Basic - Minimally critiques three quantitative research studies, providing a partial APA citation for each and identifying the research question(s), the hypotheses, the size and characteristics of the sample for each study, the type of statistical analysis that was used to evaluate the data, and evidence of any lack of consistency or bias in the way the study was conducted. Relevant details are missing, unclear, and/or inaccurate. Below Expectations - Attempts to critique three quantitative research studies; however, does not provide an APA citation for each; does not identify the research question(s), the hypotheses, the size and characteristics of the sample for each study, the type of statistical analysis that was used to evaluate the data, and/or evidence of any lack of consistency or bias in the way the study was conducted; and/or significant details are missing, unclear, and inaccurate. Non-Performance - The critiques of three quantitative research studies, providing an APA citation for each and identifying the research question(s), the hypotheses, the size and characteristics of the sample for each study, the type of statistical analysis that was used to evaluate the data, and evidence of any lack of consistency or bias in the way the study was conducted are either nonexistent or lack the components described in the assignment instructions. Analyzes How the Studies Are Similar and Dissimilar in the Way Each Study Addressed the Research Topic, Noting which Study Was More Compelling and Why Total: 1.00 Distinguished - Thoroughly and clearly analyzes how the studies are similar and dissimilar in the way each study addressed the research topic, noting which study was more compelling and why. Proficient - Analyzes how the studies are similar and dissimilar in the way each study addressed the research topic, noting which study was more compelling and why. The analysis is slightly underdeveloped or unclear. Basic - Minimally analyzes how the studies are similar and dissimilar in the way each study addressed the research topic, noting which study was more compelling and why. The analysis is underdeveloped and/or unclear. Below Expectations - Attempts to analyze how the studies are similar and dissimilar in the way each study addressed the research topic; however, does not note which study was more compelling and why, and/or the analysis is significantly underdeveloped and unclear. Non-Performance - The analysis of how the studies are similar and dissimilar in the way each study addressed the research topic, noting which study was more compelling and why is either nonexistent or lacks the components described in the assignment instructions. Evaluates the General Concept of Research Validity in Quantitative Research Studies as Defined by Trochim (2006) Total: 2.00 Distinguished - Thoroughly and clearly evaluates the general concept of research validity in quantitative research studies as defined by Trochim (2006). Proficient - Evaluates the general concept of research validity in quantitative research studies as defined by Trochim (2006). The evaluation is slightly underdeveloped or unclear. Basic - Minimally evaluates the general concept of research validity in quantitative research studies as defined by Trochim (2006). The evaluation is underdeveloped and/or unclear. Below Expectations - Attempts to evaluate the general concept of research validity in quantitative research studies as defined by Trochim (2006); however, the evaluation is significantly underdeveloped and unclear. Non-Performance - The evaluation of the general concept of research validity in quantitative research studies as defined by Trochim (2006) is either nonexistent or lacks the components described in the assignment instructions. Evaluates the Extent to Which Each Study Exhibits Internal and External Validity, Identifying the Potential Threats, If Any, to External Validity in Each of the Three Studies Total: 2.00 Distinguished - Thoroughly and clearly evaluates the extent to which each study exhibits internal and external validity, clearly identifying the potential threats, if any, to external validity in each of the three studies. Proficient - Evaluates the extent to which each study exhibits internal and external validity, identifying the potential threats, if any, to external validity in each of the three studies. The evaluation is slightly underdeveloped or unclear. Basic - Minimally evaluates the extent to which each study exhibits internal and external validity, vaguely identifying the potential threats, if any, to external validity in each of the three studies. The evaluation is underdeveloped and/or unclear. Below Expectations - Attempts to evaluate the extent to which each study exhibits internal and external validity; however, does not identify the potential threats, if any, to external validity in each of the three studies, and/or the evaluation is significantly underdeveloped and unclear. Non-Performance - The evaluation of the extent to which each study exhibits internal and external validity, identifying the potential threats, if any, to external validity in each of the three studies is either nonexistent or lacks the components described in the assignment instructions. Explains Any Unresolved Questions about the Topic of Interest That Were Raised by the Studies and How Further Research on This Topic Would Augment the Findings of the Studies That Were Reviewed Total: 1.00 Distinguished - Thoroughly and clearly explains any unresolved questions about the topic of interest that were raised by the studies and how further research on this topic would augment the findings of the studies that were reviewed. Proficient - Explains any unresolved questions about the topic of interest that were raised by the studies and how further research on this topic would augment the findings of the studies that were reviewed. The explanation is slightly underdeveloped or unclear. Basic - Minimally explains any unresolved questions about the topic of interest that were raised by the studies and how further research on this topic would augment the findings of the studies that were reviewed. The explanation is underdeveloped and/or unclear. Below Expectations - Attempts to explain any unresolved questions about the topic of interest that were raised by the studies and how further research on this topic would augment the findings of the studies that were reviewed; however, the explanation is significantly underdeveloped and unclear. Non-Performance - The explanation of any unresolved questions about the topic of interest that were raised by the studies and how further research on this topic would augment the findings of the studies that were reviewed is either nonexistent or lacks the components described in the assignment instructions. Written Communication: Control of Syntax and Mechanics Total: 0.50 Distinguished - Displays meticulous comprehension and organization of syntax and mechanics, such as spelling and grammar. Written work contains no errors and is very easy to understand. Proficient - Displays comprehension and organization of syntax and mechanics, such as spelling and grammar. Written work contains only a few minor errors and is mostly easy to understand. Basic - Displays basic comprehension of syntax and mechanics, such as spelling and grammar. Written work contains a few errors which may slightly distract the reader. Below Expectations - Fails to display basic comprehension of syntax or mechanics, such as spelling and grammar. Written work contains major errors which distract the reader. Non-Performance - The assignment is either nonexistent or lacks the components described in the instructions. Written Communication: APA Formatting Total: 0.50 Distinguished - Accurately uses APA formatting consistently throughout the paper, title page, and reference page. Proficient - Exhibits APA formatting throughout the paper. However, layout contains a few minor errors. Basic - Exhibits limited knowledge of APA formatting throughout the paper. However, layout does not meet all APA requirements. Below Expectations - Fails to exhibit basic knowledge of APA formatting. There are frequent errors, making the layout difficult to distinguish as APA. Non-Performance - The assignment is either nonexistent or lacks the components described in the instructions. Written Communication: Word Requirement Total: 0.50 Distinguished - The length of the paper is equivalent to the required number of words. Proficient - The length of the paper is nearly equivalent to the required number of words. Basic - The length of the paper is equivalent to at least three quarters of the required number of words. Below Expectations - The length of the paper is equivalent to at least one half of the required number of words. Non-Performance - The assignment is either nonexistent or lacks the components described in the instructions. Written Communication: Resource Requirement Total: 0.50 Distinguished - Uses more than the required number of scholarly sources, providing compelling evidence to support ideas. All sources on the reference page are used and cited correctly within the body of the assignment. Proficient - Uses the required number of scholarly sources to support ideas. All sources on the reference page are used and cited correctly within the body of the assignment. Basic - Uses less than the required number of sources to support ideas. Some sources may not be scholarly. Most sources on the reference page are used within the body of the assignment. Citations may not be formatted correctly. Below Expectations - Uses an inadequate number of sources that provide little or no support for ideas. Sources used may not be scholarly. Most sources on the reference page are not used within the body of the assignment. Citations are not formatted correctly. Non-Performance - The assignment is either nonexistent or lacks the components described in the instructions. Powered by Running Head: THE TOPIC OF INTEREST AND RESEARCH FOCUS PAPER The Topic of Interest and Research Focus Paper Jasmine Anderson RES7105 William Kammerer January 27, 2020 1 THE TOPIC OF INTEREST AND RESEARCH FOCUS PAPER 2 Introduction The cultural diversity is a theme in last week’s research. It engages the practitioner in that it is essential for the therapist to understand the belief system, ethnicity, and background of the client. Overall, we see psychologists diagnose, assess, then advance the treatment of the psychological challenges that affect a client. As a result, this helps in promoting healthy behavior changes and promotes a better life for the patient. The role of psychologists is very diverse, starting from caregiving among other subspecialties. The paper describes the contemporary topics and themes in the earlier discussion forum by speculating why they demand the engagement of the practitioner community. Also, through personal experience and research, it identifies contemporary challenges that these practitioners confront, examines the type of information that advances knowledge to practitioners in the field of psychology and improve services delivered to the patients. Lastly, it assesses what I would like to understand in my psychological area and then give justifications of a topic of interest and a unique focus for the classwork focus. Contemporary Themes and Topics Technology has a significant effect on cultural sensitivity. Culture leads to the development of technology concerning the needs of the people due to their creative interests. At times, we find out that even technology that advances outside the cultures is incorporated into the culture. Culture and technological evolutions do not happen concurrently, especially with faster-evolving technology. The practitioner community is engaged since, through the incorporation of cultural sensitivity and technology, this shows respect to various attitudes, values, and opinions (Pham et al., 2019). The cultural diversity sensitizes the therapist on cultural competence hence enabling THE TOPIC OF INTEREST AND RESEARCH FOCUS PAPER 3 him or her to understand his culture and that of others. The therapist and the client achieve ultimate goals despite the availability of cross-cultural boundaries. Our global era has brought together individuals that are ethnocultural diverse, especially in the worldwide set-up. There exist variations between the client and the profession. Gender, education, and different social classes are significant concerns in the provision of services. The new realities must give attention to cultural sensitivity. Contemporary Challenges Confronting Practitioners According to the psychology views, therapeutic change may vary from person to person, depending on his or her cultural group. Even though, at times, we see the psychologists deviating from the standardized therapeutic methods. There is a generation gap between employees. Most people do not support team-work and prefer working individually. As a result, the employees do not understand each other nor understand workplace diversity. In diversity, the practitioners find it challenging to build a new culture that accommodates all the members (Chapman-Hilliard et al., 2017). There is inadequate or no use of technology. As a result, these providers undergo challenges in the implementation of operations hence affecting the services provided to the clients. Also, there exists a poor organizational culture that assists in increasing opportunities for innovation and autonomy in the employee’s positions. As a result, it is more difficult to retain or recruit individuals in this program. The opportunities available also lack advancement. Psychologists are not offered skills such as those on technology training, education reimbursements, and in-house capabilities. There exists a problem in financing. Most patients do not seek assistance therapeutically due to a lack of insurance cover and affordability (ChapmanHilliard et al., 2017). The funding issue makes it difficult for practitioners to search through various cultures. Also, retaining workers in this field of psychology is difficult. Behavioral workers are THE TOPIC OF INTEREST AND RESEARCH FOCUS PAPER 4 offered a small amount of salary, resulting in their challenge. Most of them leave this profession, while other Ph.D. holders decide not to work on low wages. Information to Improve Service These practitioners need to have biomedical knowledge of sound medical care. The dysfunctions and how the physician transact with the patient depends on his or her psychosocial understanding. It is unethical to terminate treatment advanced to the client since they can no longer afford the service. In the case of the contract’s termination, this should be done thoughtfully. Notice and referrals should be advanced if necessary. Also, the practitioners must understand how to vary the psychological approach from one individual to another. The dependence is through acknowledging the culture of the client and not applying the same treatment approach for everyone. The therapist should keep to the ethical standards like in instances of disclosing information regarding the client. Also, it is essential for the client to feel comfortable in communicating the personal issues with a practitioner who will not refer them to another culturally sensitive therapist. What Would I Like to Know? I would like to understand the integration of behavior, psychosocial sciences, and bio medics. This helps in understanding how the mind and brain correlate then interacts to help in the generation of abnormality and normality. Also, this assists in understanding the medical, physiological, and psychological research hence developing better ways of thinking in connection to illnesses and health (Foulkes, 2018). Through biomedical health, there is an understanding of the genetic predisposition of an individual. Cultural sensitivity comes in the learning of social conditions that also relate how people from various ethnical groups interrelate and give support. THE TOPIC OF INTEREST AND RESEARCH FOCUS PAPER 5 Also, this assists in the understanding of how behaviors are altered. This assists in understanding the psychotherapeutic techniques that affect an individual’s functions in various roles and settings. Topic of Interest My topic of interest would be culturally sensitive psychology. The reason for this focus is that it targets sexual, cultural, religious, racial, and gender entities that relate to a person’s behavior. This plays a role in assisting individuals or groups in improving the well-being of everyone resolving issues on cultural crises, alleviating distress, and increase the possibility of how people solve conflicts in society (Nastasi, 2017). What interests me in this topic is that I am not bound to work only in the hospital setting, but also community health centers and institutions such as schools. Also, I have an expansion to work with people of all ages, creating awareness of cultural sensitivity. The people affected by the diversities also have an opportunity to change their thinking. Also, the field has a notable collaboration of psychologists such as those in the academic, clinical, and health set-up to deal with health problems. Conclusion In conclusion, the ultimate and expectation targets of a client and therapist showcase the progress despite challenges such as cross-cultural boundaries. The psychological practitioners musty acquire the necessary skills to enable them in the successful integration of culturally sensitive practices. As a result, they respect or recognize differences and ensure that they interact successfully with clients despite their diverse backgrounds. Professions undergo issues such as the development of the workers, transitions in economic conditions, new governance arrangements, and changes in technology. The cultural diversities should work beyond the administrative process that relates to policy-making, budgeting, and human resources. Courses in this sector should engage consideration or reflection of how the emergence of notions are conjoined to research and THE TOPIC OF INTEREST AND RESEARCH FOCUS PAPER 6 theory, especially for the group leaders that use normative or theoretical dimensions to check on their responsibilities. References Chapman-Hilliard, C., Beasley, S., McClain, S., Awosogba, O. R., & Cokley, K. O. (2017). “A Stranger No More...”: Applying African American Psychology to Address Social Issues. Social Issues in Living Color: Challenges and Solutions from the Perspective of Ethnic Minority Psychology [3 volumes], 1. Foulkes, S. H. (2018). Introduction to group-analytic psychotherapy: Studies in the social integration of individuals and groups. Routledge. Nastasi, B. K. (2017). Cultural competence for global research and development: Implications for school and educational psychology. Pham, C. T., Lee, C. B., Nguyen, T. L. H., Lin, J. D., Ali, S., & Chu, C. (2019). Integrative settings approach workplace health promotion to address contemporary challenges for worker health in the Asia-Pacific. Global health promotion, 1757975918816691.\
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Running Head: QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE

Quantitative Research Critique
Student Name
Institution Affiiaion

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QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE

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Abstract
This paper tests three quantitative research papers in the field of psychology but holding different
views in the niche of their research. The need to conduct this research was to identify the role of
legitimacy and validity in referencing past research, given the necessity to draw quality and
truthful findings from past studies. (Ruddock & Turner, 2007) (Burkard & Knox, 2004), and
(Price & McNeill, 1992) are the research studies covered. While (Ruddock & Turner, 2007) is
seen to be based on a misleading analysis method, (Burkard & Knox, 2004), and (Price &
McNeill, 1992) are conducted adequately with only some minor misrepresentations in their
sample sizes and the disparity which may jeopardize the efficiency of their research. Overall,
(Price & McNeill, 1992) is concluded to have both internal and external validity given that
(Trochin, 2006) approve that research based on cause and effect has internal validity, coupled
with the fact that the findings from this research are similar to another different study by Johnson
and Lashley (1989), thus awarding this piece external validity.

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE

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Introduction
Based on the sensitivity within the discipline of psychology, drawing conclusive and
correct findings from past research is imperative. Such gives meaning to contemporary attempts
to critiquing prior research to identify the legitimacy of the study. Determining the validity of a
particular previous research endeavour provides a platform from where the current research can
be based, citing the elements of truth. At the same time, past research with no solid basis on
authenticity and accuracy may mislead a current study, creating an array of wrongful reference.
With such a need for efficiency, critiquing past research allows the current researcher the utility
of having reasonable conclusions at r...


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