Greta Christina Several Different Definitions of Sex Discussion

User Generated

nmrenfebfr

Humanities

Description


An important aspect of philosophical thinking is the ability to do conceptual analysis. Greta Christina's paper (under attachment) is a great example of this. Throughout her paper, she proposes a definition of sex, discusses how that definition captures several cases that intuitively count as sex, but then discusses some more complicated cases that either show that the definition is too broad (i.e., it includes or counts some case as an instance of sex when intuitively it should not) or too narrow (i.e., it excludes some case from counting as an instance of sex when we intuitively think it should count).

This paper assignment is divided into two parts.

Part one:

Expand on one of Greta Christina's several different definitions of sex and explain how that definition is problematic. For example, Christina says, "Perhaps having sex with someone is the conscious, consenting, mutually acknowledged pursuit of shared sexual pleasure." You might explain this definition (or one of the other ones that she considers) by giving a (fictional) example and showing how it exemplifies each of the features listed in the definition. Then, you should explain why that definition is problematic. For example, you could explain how there are cases that we intuitively count (or don't count) as sex but aren't (or are) counted as sex according to the definition (i.e., state whether the definition is too broad or too narrow, or both, and show how).

Part two:

This part has two options. The first is less challenging than the second, but the second, if done well, can score higher points than the first.

Option 1 : Clearly articulate a second definition from Christina that attempts to address some of the problematic aspects of the definition you discussed in part one. Then, as you did in part one, explain how even this second definition could be problematic (Is it too broad? too narrow? both? Show how).

Option 2 : Propose your own definition -- a definition of sex that Christina does not consider. Show how that definition might handle some of the complicated cases that she discusses. Then, clearly state what the shortcomings of your proposed definition might be. For example, you should clearly state how the definition could be too broad or too narrow (or both) by presenting relevant counterexamples.

You should take as a clear example of good writing the last two pages of Christina's essay. Notice how she structures the discussion. She considers a definition. Then she discusses how some cases clearly fit that definition, then some cases that don't (AGAIN either because the definition is too broad, i.e. it includes cases that do not count as sex, or because the definition is too narrow, i.e. the definition excludes cases that do count as sex).

With that in mind, this paper will be graded according to the following rubric:

(10 points) Part One: Clear presentation of definition from Christina. Persuasively shows why definition is unsatisfactory.

(10 points) Part Two: Clear presentation and discussion of a definition of sex that follows up on the definition in part one (either from Christina or your own). In the case that the presentation is another definition from Christina, make sure that the discussion of it is clear and that any problems with it are clearly stated. In the case that you present your own definition, it is important to demonstrate BOTH an understanding of how the proposed definition captures several complications discussed in the reading AND recognizing potential difficulties with the definition.

(2 points) Overall structure: Is the discussion well-ordered and easy to follow?

(1 point) Grammar and spelling: Are there errors in spelling and/or grammar?

(2 points) Style: Is the writing clear and concise (that's good), or is it obscure (that's bad)?

FORMATTING:

Papers should be 3 pages double spaced, 1" margins, 12pt font (preferably New Times Roman, but anything that's easy to read is acceptable). To be clear, formatting is not nearly as important as the content of the paper. If you happen to go over or under by a few lines, don't fret. Especially DO NOT try to make it appear as if you've written more than you have. Again, it's what you've said and how you've said it that matters, not how the words on the page appear.

Unformatted Attachment Preview

Chapter 1 ARE WE HAVING SEX NOW OR WHAT? Greta Christina W hen I first started having sex with other people, I used to like to count them. I wanted to keep track of how many there had been. It was a source of some kind of pride, or identity anyway, to know how many people I’d had sex with in my lifetime. So, in my mind, Len was number one, Chris was number two, that slimy awful little heavy metal barbiturate addict whose name I can’t remember was number three, Alan was number four, and so on. It got to the point where, when I’d start having sex with a new person for the first time, when he first entered my body (I was only having sex with men at the time), what would flash through my head wouldn’t be “Oh, baby, baby you feel so good inside me,” or “What the hell am I doing with this creep,” or “This is boring, I wonder what’s on TV.” What flashed through my head was “Seven!” Doing this had some interesting results. I’d look for patterns in the numbers. I had a theory for a while that every fourth lover turned out to be really great in bed, and would ponder what the cosmic significance of the phenomenon might be. Sometimes I’d try to determine what kind of person I was by how many people I’d had sex with. At eighteen, I’d had sex with ten different people. Did that make me normal, repressed, a total slut, a free-spirited bohemian, or what? Not that I compared my numbers with anyone else’s—I didn’t. It was my own exclusive structure, a game I played in the privacy of my own head. Reprinted by permission of Jeremy P. Tarcher, a division of Penguin Putnam, Inc., from “Are We Having Sex Now or What?” by Greta Christina, from The Erotic Impulse: Honoring the Sensual Self, pp. 24–29, edited by David Steinberg. Copyright © 1992, David Steinberg. 3 4 Greta Christina Then the numbers started getting a little larger, as numbers tend to do, and keeping track became more difficult. I’d remember that the last one was seventeen and so this one must be eighteen, and then I’d start having doubts about whether I’d been keeping score accurately or not. I’d lie awake at night thinking to myself, well, there was Brad, and there was that guy on my birthday, and there was David and . . . no, wait, I forgot that guy I got drunk with at the social my first week at college . . . so that’s seven, eight, nine . . . and by two in the morning I’d finally have it figured out. But there was always a nagging suspicion that maybe I’d missed someone, some dreadful tacky little scumball that I was trying to forget about having invited inside my body. And as much as I maybe wanted to forget about the sleazy little scumball, I wanted more to get that number right. It kept getting harder, though. I began to question what counted as sex and what didn’t. There was that time with Gene, for instance. I was pissed off at my boyfriend, David, for cheating on me. It was a major crisis, and Gene and I were friends and he’d been trying to get at me for weeks and I hadn’t exactly been discouraging him. I went to see him that night to gripe about David. He was very sympathetic of course, and he gave me a backrub, and we talked and touched and confided and hugged, and then we started kissing, and then we snuggled up a little closer, and then we started fondling each other, you know, and then all heck broke loose, and we rolled around on the bed groping and rubbing and grabbing and smooching and pushing and pressing and squeezing. He never did actually get it in. He wanted to, and I wanted to too, but I had this thing about being faithful to my boyfriend, so I kept saying, “No, you can’t do that, Yes, that feels so good, No, wait that’s too much, Yes, yes, don’t stop, No, stop that’s enough.” We never even got our clothes off. Jesus Christ, though, it was some night. One of the best, really. But for a long time I didn’t count it as one of the times I’d had sex. He never got inside, so it didn’t count. Later, months and years later, when I lay awake putting my list together, I’d start to wonder: Why doesn’t Gene count? Does he not count because he never got inside? Or does he not count because I had to preserve my moral edge over David, my status as the patient, ever-faithful, cheated-on, martyred girlfriend, and if what I did with Gene counts then I don’t get to feel wounded and superior? Years later, I did end up fucking Gene and I felt a profound relief because, at last, he definitely had a number, and I knew for sure that he did in fact count. Then I started having sex with women, and, boy, howdy, did that ever shoot holes in the system. I’d always made my list of sex partners by defining sex as penile-vaginal intercourse—you know, screwing. It’s a pretty simple distinction, a straightforward binary system. Did it go in or didn’t it? Yes or no? One or zero? On or off ? Granted, it’s a pretty arbi- Are We Having Sex Now or What? 5 trary definition, but it’s the customary one, with an ancient and respected tradition behind it, and when I was just screwing men, there was no compelling reason to question it. But with women, well, first of all there’s no penis, so right from the start the tracking system is defective. And then, there are so many ways women can have sex with each other, touching and licking and grinding and fingering and fisting—with dildoes or vibrators or vegetables or whatever happens to be lying around the house, or with nothing at all except human bodies. Of course, that’s true for sex between women and men as well. But between women, no one method has a centuries-old tradition of being the one that counts. Even when we do fuck each other there’s no dick, so you don’t get that feeling of This Is What’s Important, We Are Now Having Sex, objectively speaking, and all that other stuff is just foreplay or afterplay. So when I started having sex with women the binary system had to go, in favor of a more inclusive definition. Which meant, of course, that my list of how many people I’d had sex with was completely trashed. In order to maintain it I would have had to go back and reconstruct the whole thing and include all those people I’d necked with and gone down on and dry-humped and played touchyfeely games with. Even the question of who filled the all-important Number One slot, something I’d never had any doubts about before, would have to be re-evaluated. By this time I’d kind of lost interest in the list anyway. Reconstructing it would be more trouble than it was worth. But the crucial question remained: What counts as having sex with someone? It was important for me to know. You have to know what qualifies as sex because when you have sex with someone your relationship changes. Right? Right? It’s not that sex itself has to change things all that much. But knowing you’ve had sex, being conscious of a sexual connection, standing around making polite conversation with someone while thinking to yourself, “I’ve had sex with this person,” that’s what changes things. Or so I believed. And if having sex with a friend can confuse or change the friendship, think how bizarre things can get when you’re not sure whether you’ve had sex with them or not. The problem was, as I kept doing more kinds of sexual things, the line between sex and not-sex kept getting more hazy and indistinct. As I brought more into my sexual experience, things were showing up on the dividing line demanding my attention. It wasn’t just that the territory I labeled sex was expanding. The line itself had swollen, dilated, been transformed into a vast gray region. It had become less like a border and more like a demilitarized zone. Which is a strange place to live. Not a bad place, just strange. It’s like juggling, or watchmaking, or playing the piano—anything that demands complete concentrated awareness and attention. It feels like cognitive 6 Greta Christina dissonance, only pleasant. It feels like waking up from a compelling and realistic bad dream. It feels like the way you feel when you realize that everything you know is wrong, and a bloody good thing too, because it was painful and stupid and it really screwed you up. But, for me, living in a question naturally leads to searching for an answer. I can’t simply shrug, throw up my hands, and say, “Damned if I know.” I have to explore the unknown frontiers, even if I don’t bring back any secret treasure. So even if it’s incomplete or provisional, I do want to find some sort of definition of what is and isn’t sex. I know when I’m feeling sexual. I’m feeling sexual if my pussy’s wet, my nipples are hard, my palms are clammy, my brain is fogged, my skin is tingly and super-sensitive, my butt muscles clench, my heartbeat speeds up, I have an orgasm (that’s the real giveaway), and so on. But feeling sexual with someone isn’t the same as having sex with them. Good Lord, if I called it sex every time I was attracted to someone who returned the favor I’d be even more bewildered than I am now. Even being sexual with someone isn’t the same as having sex with them. I’ve danced and flirted with too many people, given and received too many sexy, would-beseductive backrubs, to believe otherwise. I have friends who say, if you thought of it as sex when you were doing it, then it was. That’s an interesting idea. It’s certainly helped me construct a coherent sexual history without being a revisionist swine: redefining my past according to current definitions. But it really just begs the question. It’s fine to say that sex is whatever I think it is; but then what do I think it is? What if, when I was doing it, I was wondering whether it counted? Perhaps having sex with someone is the conscious, consenting, mutually acknowledged pursuit of shared sexual pleasure. Not a bad definition. If you are turning each other on and you say so and you keep doing it, then it’s sex. It’s broad enough to encompass a lot of sexual behavior beyond genital contact/orgasm; it’s distinct enough not to include every instance of sexual awareness or arousal; and it contains the elements I feel are vital—acknowledgment, consent, reciprocity, and the pursuit of pleasure. But what about the situation where one person consents to sex without really enjoying it? Lots of people (myself included) have had sexual interactions that we didn’t find satisfying or didn’t really want and, unless they were actually forced on us against our will, I think most of us would still classify them as sex. Maybe if both of you (or all of you) think of it as sex, then it’s sex whether you’re having fun or not. That clears up the problem of sex that’s consented to but not wished-for or enjoyed. Unfortunately, it begs the question again, only worse: now you have to mesh different people’s vague and inarticulate notions of what is and isn’t sex and find the place where they overlap. Too messy. Are We Having Sex Now or What? 7 How about sex as the conscious, consenting, mutually acknowledged pursuit of sexual pleasure of at least one of the people involved. That’s better. It has all the key components, and it includes the situation where one person is doing it for a reason other than sexual pleasure—status, reassurance, money, the satisfaction and pleasure of someone they love, etc. But what if neither of you is enjoying it, if you’re both doing it because you think the other one wants to? Ugh. I’m having trouble here. Even the conventional standby—sex equals intercourse—has a serious flaw: it includes rape, which is something I emphatically refuse to accept. As far as I’m concerned, if there’s no consent, it ain’t sex. But I feel that’s about the only place in this whole quagmire where I have a grip. The longer I think about the subject, the more questions I come up with. At what point in an encounter does it become sexual? If an interaction that begins nonsexually turns into sex, was it sex all along? What about sex with someone who’s asleep? Can you have a situation where one person is having sex and the other isn’t? It seems that no matter what definition I come up with, I can think of some reallife experience that calls it into question. For instance, a couple of years ago I attended (well, hosted) an all-girl sex party. Out of the twelve other women there, there were only a few with whom I got seriously physically nasty. The rest I kissed or hugged or talked dirty with or just smiled at, or watched while they did seriously physically nasty things with each other. If we’d been alone, I’d probably say that what I’d done with most of the women there didn’t count as having sex. But the experience, which was hot and sweet and silly and very, very special, had been created by all of us, and although I only really got down with a few, I felt that I’d been sexual with all of the women there. Now, when I meet one of the women from that party, I always ask myself: Have we had sex? For instance, when I was first experimenting with sadomasochism, I got together with a really hot woman. We were negotiating about what we were going to do, what would and wouldn’t be ok, and she said she wasn’t sure she wanted to have sex. Now we’d been explicitly planning all kinds of fun and games—spanking, bondage, obedience—which I strongly identified as sexual activity. In her mind, though, sex meant direct genital contact, and she didn’t necessarily want to do that with me. Playing with her turned out to be a tremendously erotic experience, arousing and stimulating and almost unbearably satisfying. But we spent the whole evening without even touching each other’s genitals. And the fact that our definitions were so different made me wonder: Was it sex? For instance, I worked for a few months as a nude dancer at a peep show. In case you’ve never been to a peep show, it works like this: the customer goes into a tiny, dingy black box, kind of like a phone booth, puts in quarters, and a metal plate goes up; the customer looks through a window at a little room/stage where naked women are dancing. One time, 8 Greta Christina a guy came into one of the booths and started watching me and masturbating. I came over and squatted in front of him and started masturbating too, and we grinned at each other and watched each other and masturbated, and we both had a fabulous time. (I couldn’t believe I was being paid to masturbate—tough job, but somebody has to do it . . . .) After he left I thought to myself: Did we just have sex? I mean, if it had been someone I knew, and if there had been no glass and no quarters, there’d be no question in my mind. Sitting two feet apart from someone, watching each other masturbate? Yup, I’d call that sex all right. But this was different, because it was a stranger, and because of the glass and the quarters. Was it sex? I still don’t have an answer. Part 1 10pts expand on one of C's arguments. • say how / why she came to it - Give an example (that meets all recenrements) explain why it's problematic •use c's reasons OR • give your own additional reasons OPTION 1 all rosarements) Part 2: 10pts give a 2nd def. of C's address the problem w/ the first explain how that one is problematic. Propose your own def. .clear Statement of your det • say how it's problematic. OPTION 2
Purchase answer to see full attachment
User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool's honor code & terms of service.

Explanation & Answer

Attached.

Contextual Analysis - Outline
I. Part One
A. Definition of sex by Christina
B. Example of a Situation Involving the Definition
C. Why the Definition Is Problematic
II. Part Two: Option Two
A. My Definition
B. How the Definition Can Be Used In Solving Complicated Cases
C. The Shortcoming of the Definition


Running head: CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS

1

Contextual Analysis
Name
Institution

CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS

2
Contextual Analysis
Part One

Definition of sex by Christina
According to the argument by Greta Christina in her article regarding “Are we having sex
or what," sex has several meanings depending on various people's perspectives. One of the
explanations that Christina has presented in her article is that "sex is the conscious, consenting,
and mutually acknowledged pursuit of shared sexual pleasure” (Christina, 1992). This implies
that for an activity to be considered as sex, the involved individual has to be aware of what they
are about to do, agree among themselves, as well as acknowledge to have sexual pleasure. Based
on her definition, if any of the three mentioned elements is missing, the act cannot be considered
as sex. However, as Christina continues to discuss the mentioned definition of sex, she indicates
that in some cases, the consciousness, consent, and acknowledgment may be displayed by only
one individual. In such cases, one of the individuals involved maybe not willing to engage in
sexual intercourse, but the situation that he or she is in may force him or her to do so. In such a
case, the practice can be considered as sex if one of the parties has three aspects.
Example of a Situation Involving the Definition
There are instances where people engage in sexual intercourse as a source of income,
especially among sex workers. A sex worker may have sex with more than ten individuals per
day in look for money even though he or she may not be acknowledging the shared sexual
pleasure. However, the person who comes to look for a sex worker is the one who experiences
the pleasure. For example, in the United States, among other nations, sex workers have been
demonstrating on the street several times, not because of their need for sexual pleasure but
seeking for their business to be recognized in the society. This is an implication that when these

CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS

3

people engage in sexual intercourse, they are not driven by sexual pleasure though they may give
consent and be conscious about the ac...


Anonymous
I was having a hard time with this subject, and this was a great help.

Studypool
4.7
Trustpilot
4.5
Sitejabber
4.4

Related Tags