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"Terrorism" Please respond to the following:
- On September 11, 2001, the United States became the victim of a coordinated terrorist attack. Although 9/11 is the most notorious terrorist event against America, it certainly is not the only attack. From the e-Activity and other research, choose a terrorist event against the United States (other than 9/11) and provide the details surrounding it.
- Use the event that you have chosen in the first part of this discussion to explain the ideology of terrorism.
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Running head: TERRORISM
1
TERRORISM
Student’s Name
University Affiliation
Professor’s name
Course title
Date
TERRORISM
2
There have been various terrorist attacks in America such as Oklahoma City bombing
which as a domestic attack in 1995. The terror attack was conducted by Terry Nichols and
Timothy McVeigh on Alred P. Murrah bu...
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Antecedents, Behavior, and ConsequencesFor this assignment, use the case study about James on page 263-276 in your Functional Assessment text. Create a blank Functional Analysis Observation Form (FAOF) using page 264-265 in your Functional Assessment text as a guide to document the behaviors of James.The disruptive target behaviors for this analysis include James':Hits and kicks adults when confronted for inappropriate behavior.Noncompliant behavior.Off-task behavior.Disruptive Behavior.Property Destruction.You will also target his cooperative behavior.Use the table you have created to record:The antecedents (A) that trigger the behavior.The consequences (C) that follow the behavior.The setting events (SE) that may be affecting behavior.Remember that there may not be setting events for each instance of behavior, but they may be present throughout the activity. 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He is a student identified with emotional and behavior disorders (E/BD). James is receiving special education services in a self-contained classroom for students with E/BD.James has consistently struggled with academic tasks and does not like school or his teachers. His cognitive ability is within the average range. When he is successful while working in one-to-one situations, he is compliant and he can complete his class work. Additional strengths include athletic ability, positive peer interactions outside of the special education classroom (e.g., P.E., lunchroom activities, assemblies, recess), and he can ignore the inappropriate behaviors of other students when he is academically focused. James’s favorite classes are P.E., art, and music.In addition to E/BD, James has been diagnosed with a learning disability (LD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (combined type). The related services that James receives are social work and nursing services. 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These are described on the following ABC recording chart.Antecedents and Setting EventsBehaviorConsequenceJames reported to reading class 20 minutes late (reading follows lunch hour)After teacher explained what James needed to work on, he sat for 20 minutesTeacher did not respond to off-task behaviorSitting in seat during reading classAfter 20 minutes of off-task behavior, James wanders around the classroomTeacher did not respond to out-of-seat behaviorReading classTakes marker off teacher’s desk, scribbles on the teacher’s edition of the reading bookTeacher ignores behaviorReading classTakes ruler out of teacher’s desk, walks to bulletin board, and slides ruler from the top of the classroom rules poster and catches ruler at the bottom of the posterTeacher does not respond to behaviorReading classTears classroom rules poster off the board, rips up poster, and throws pieces across the roomTold to return to his seatTold to return to his seatRefusesTeacher tells him he will have to go to the officeTold he would have to go to the officeTumbles a room dividerTeacher calls the office for assistance, the assistant principal removes James from class, suspended for 5 daysWritten language lesson, working with teacherOn task, compliantPraise, awarded bonus pointsCorrecting written language assignment in groupsWorks cooperatively with groupPraise to group, group receives 5 minutes free timeFree-time activityPlays board game with peersPraiseMath assignment, independent workThrows wadded-up pieces of paper at classmatesTold he would miss class movie after mathMath assignment, independent workLeaves desk, moves to teacher’s desk, tips over room divider on top of teacherRemoved from class, suspended for 7 daysAnalysis of the ABC recording form indicates that the antecedent conditions that are in effect when James engages in appropriate behavior are situations in which he understands the concepts of the lesson, when he works one-on-one with the teacher or paraprofessional, when he works in group activities, or when he participates in social activities with his peers.In contrast, circumstances that precede his challenging behavior typically include situations in which he doesn’t understand concepts presented during instruction, when he works independently, when he is left alone for periods of time, or when he is confronted for inappropriate behavior (e.g., off-task behavior, roaming around the room).The function of James’s challenging behavior is negative reinforcement. His behavior results in escape and avoidance from academic activities or assignments. The negative reinforcement function was primarily selected because James engages in challenging behavior during academic-related tasks. James has had a chronic history of academic failure. For James, difficult academic tasks are aversive, and he demonstrates challenging behaviors when presented with these tasks. The consequences for his behaviors (e.g., conflicts with staff, then left alone) effectively terminate aversive antecedent tasks, activities, or assignments.The negative reinforcement function was also identified because James does not engage in these behaviors during social and nonacademic-related activities (e.g., social interactions with peers, P.E., lunch, music, and art). Rather, during nonacademic antecedent conditions, he engages in prosocial behavior. Consequently there are apparent differences in the types of antecedent/setting event conditions that trigger prosocial versus challenging behavior.In addition to negative reinforcement, James’s challenging behavior is also maintained by positive reinforcement. The consequences for both prosocial and challenging behavior usually provide some form of attention from peers, teachers, or paraprofessionals. Conditions that precede James’s challenging behavior often **The table is included in the case study**
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Ms. Butke feels that if the staff can teach James more self-control and assist him in asking for help when it is needed, his aggressive, noncompliant, disruptive, and off-task behavior will substantially decrease.The district’s behavioral consultant observed James in various settings and was able to see many of the behaviors identified by Ms. Butke. The consultant was able to observe examples of prosocial behavior. In addition, the consultant noted the contexts in which James’s challenging behavior occurred (antecedents and setting events) and potential consequences for those behaviors. These are described on the following ABC recording chart.Antecedents and Setting EventsBehaviorConsequenceJames reported to reading class 20 minutes late (reading follows lunch hour)After teacher explained what James needed to work on, he sat for 20 minutesTeacher did not respond to off-task behaviorSitting in seat during reading classAfter 20 minutes of off-task behavior, James wanders around the classroomTeacher did not respond to out-of-seat behaviorReading classTakes marker off teacher’s desk, scribbles on the teacher’s edition of the reading bookTeacher ignores behaviorReading classTakes ruler out of teacher’s desk, walks to bulletin board, and slides ruler from the top of the classroom rules poster and catches ruler at the bottom of the posterTeacher does not respond to behaviorReading classTears classroom rules poster off the board, rips up poster, and throws pieces across the roomTold to return to his seatTold to return to his seatRefusesTeacher tells him he will have to go to the officeTold he would have to go to the officeTumbles a room dividerTeacher calls the office for assistance, the assistant principal removes James from class, suspended for 5 daysWritten language lesson, working with teacherOn task, compliantPraise, awarded bonus pointsCorrecting written language assignment in groupsWorks cooperatively with groupPraise to group, group receives 5 minutes free timeFree-time activityPlays board game with peersPraiseMath assignment, independent workThrows wadded-up pieces of paper at classmatesTold he would miss class movie after mathMath assignment, independent workLeaves desk, moves to teacher’s desk, tips over room divider on top of teacherRemoved from class, suspended for 7 daysAnalysis of the ABC recording form indicates that the antecedent conditions that are in effect when James engages in appropriate behavior are situations in which he understands the concepts of the lesson, when he works one-on-one with the teacher or paraprofessional, when he works in group activities, or when he participates in social activities with his peers.In contrast, circumstances that precede his challenging behavior typically include situations in which he doesn’t understand concepts presented during instruction, when he works independently, when he is left alone for periods of time, or when he is confronted for inappropriate behavior (e.g., off-task behavior, roaming around the room).The function of James’s challenging behavior is negative reinforcement. His behavior results in escape and avoidance from academic activities or assignments. The negative reinforcement function was primarily selected because James engages in challenging behavior during academic-related tasks. James has had a chronic history of academic failure. For James, difficult academic tasks are aversive, and he demonstrates challenging behaviors when presented with these tasks. The consequences for his behaviors (e.g., conflicts with staff, then left alone) effectively terminate aversive antecedent tasks, activities, or assignments.The negative reinforcement function was also identified because James does not engage in these behaviors during social and nonacademic-related activities (e.g., social interactions with peers, P.E., lunch, music, and art). Rather, during nonacademic antecedent conditions, he engages in prosocial behavior. Consequently there are apparent differences in the types of antecedent/setting event conditions that trigger prosocial versus challenging behavior.In addition to negative reinforcement, James’s challenging behavior is also maintained by positive reinforcement. The consequences for both prosocial and challenging behavior usually provide some form of attention from peers, teachers, or paraprofessionals. Conditions that precede James’s challenging behavior often **The table is included in the case study**
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