dule 02 - W orld Power Policies The United States There are three central concepts in your study of the United States:    Constitutional limits on government power Separation of powers Federalism Separation of powers and federalism, the last two points, might be generalized as forms of decentralization. Great Britain One of the key concepts in Britain's political development has to be "gradualism" or the belief that change should occur slowly. Compared with most other nations, the time span over which the British system has evolved is immense. (This is to set aside for a moment the times in British history of immense upheaval.) In 1976, as people in the U.S. marked the 200th birthday or Bicentennial of our independence, one British citizen wore a t-shirt proclaiming the "Bimillenial" celebration - 2,000th birthday! - in England. Pushing the origins of British political history back to the Roman conquest may be a bit of a stretch, but it is nearly 800 years since the signing of the Magna Carta. The major break with the evolutionary tradition, the Protestant Revolution led by Cromwell, was followed by the Restoration in 1660 in which the line of English kings was restored under Charles II. A newer form of gradualism is illustrated by the struggles the U.K. has had in formulating and implementing public policy in the last 50 years. From the collectivist consensus to the Thatcher and Blair "revolutions," governments in Britain have tried to find appropriate responses to loss of empire and relative economic decline. Examining in detail the policy results of the old collectivist consensus will reemphasize the concepts of interventionist government, social welfare programs, and a strong state. Current News Remember, when studying Great Britain, plan to stay abreast of the news about Britain's government plus its people and politics. Keep studying in order to improve your understanding of how the British system works. In the middle of 2005, the issues to watch were the Euro, the EU Constitution, the war on terrorism, the effects of globalization, Blair's successes and failures, and the process of selecting Blair's successor. What has been important to watch since then? During this module, plan to visit the website of the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) (http://news.bbc.co.uk) to catch the latest news
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