Adult and Continuing Education Differences with John Holt, Anne Cunningham, and Keith Stranovich Essay

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Adult and Continuing Education

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Both of peer 's essay should follow those requirements:

In an expository essay of 2,000 words or more, address one of the following prompts. This essay should feature a well-developed thesis and appropriate evidence to support your thesis. You must engage and cite at least two essays assigned in this class, at least one outside essay, and you should include your own experiences or observations.

Option 1: Malcolm X and Frederick Douglass discuss the importance of literacy in creating positive social change, while David Raymond describes overcoming personal challenges related to reading. In what ways can reading and writing be used to address inequality or an unjust situation--either on a large scale or for individuals? What connections are there between these literacy narratives and your own past as a reader?

Option 2: According to John Holt, teachers are often the reason students do not enjoy reading. On the other hand, Anne Cunningham and Keith Stanovich argue that avoiding reading at an early age can have serious cognitive consequences. What approaches are there in fostering reading for young students? Which approach is the best? What were your experiences like, and what approach did or could have worked for you?

Option 3: William Zinsser discusses the various types of pressure that college students face, while Jonathan Kozol describes the problems endemic to some high schools. How can students balance high-stakes education in college with high school educations that are often inadequate? What solutions are being proposed to problems in education, and which would work best? How did/does your experience in education compare to the ones described?

Outside Source: The one outside source can be any nonfiction essay of your choice. You may choose to use a news article, a personal essay, a research essay, or any other essay that relates to your topic. This outside essay may bring a new perspective on the topic, present a counter-argument to the assigned text(s), or provide an example that supports your claims.

Format: This essay will be in MLA format. This means it will be typed, double-spaced, in 12-point font (I prefer Times New Roman), with page numbers and your last name on each page, and a header on the first page. Your title should be original, and you must include a Works Cited page. Be sure to include in-text citations in the body of the essay.

Guidelines: Please see the handouts under the "Files" folder for guidelines for writing a strong thesis, developing body paragraphs, citing sources, etc.

Submitting the essay: Please save your essay in Microsoft Word or PDF format and upload the essay.

Note: Words and phrases that are underlined will be taken into consideration when grading.

PART A ( review for rough draft):

You will soon be conducting peer reviews of your classmates' rough drafts. Please follow these guidelines:

-Read the entire draft twice. Then comment on the following:

Intro Paragraph

  • Is the opening appropriate/strong? (a "hook" isn't required but some students choose to use one)
  • Is there background info/context on the topic?
  • Are the texts introduced?
  • Is there a clear thesis?

Thesis Statement

  • Is there a clear argument?
  • Is the significance clear?

Body Paragraphs

  • Is there a clear claim (or topic sentence) that relates to the thesis?
  • Are quotes and examples appropriate and well-chosen?
  • Does the student provide his/her analysis of quotes and evidence? (Draw conclusions, explain the importance of quotes, make a connection to the thesis, etc.)

There is no required word count for peer reviews but please address the three major ares (Intro, Thesis, Body Paragraphs), and suggest areas for improvement

part B ( review to the final draft)

write response to the final essays.

you just need to finish the part A and part B.


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FIANL ESSAY D How to improve the reading ability of young students How can we improve the reading ability of young students?What are the methods? This is a topic that is often discussed. Some people think students should learn the meaning of every world in the article in depth. Some people think students should read some books that are difficult to read. Everyone has his own opinion. But inappropriate methods have limited effect on reading ability. Even a waste of time. However, in my view, young students had better read books that interest them, start with a book that is easy to understand, think more,combine reading with writing and increase reading volume. Start with a book that is easy to understand. At the beginning of children's reading, parents can choose some books with more pictures and less words for their children, which are easier to read. Otherwise, no matter how interesting a book is, if the language in the book is very complicated, children will not be interested in it. What is a difficult book for a child to read? Parents can tell by opening a book and counting the new words. If the vocabulary is more than 30%, put off reading the book until your child's vocabulary level is high enough. Secondly, the books with many foreign words and technical terms are also difficult books. In the meantime, parents should not be disappointed or worried, even if the books their children choose seem shallow. Because reading is a cumulative skill, a gradual development, the child's understanding will improve, the scope of reading will expand, reading taste will tend to diversify. When reading no longer meets a child's needs, the child will automatically choose more appropriate or challenging content to read. Just as a child reads picture books when he is young, as he knows more and more words, he will be able to read long stories and even novels. Read books that interest you. As we all know, interest is the best teacher. If you do not like a book, it is difficult for you to concentrate on it. You will see reading as a task and can not enjoy it. In this case, not only do you read very inefficiently, but it's hard to get any reading exercise out of it. Thus, only when you read a book that you enjoy can you be fully engaged. We can see it from the article, “How Teachers Make Children Hate Reading”, written by John Holt. “I don't want you to feel that just because you start a book, you have to finish it. Give an author thirty or forty pages or so to get his story going. Then if you don't like the characters and don't care what happens to them, close the book, put it away, and get another. I don't care whether the books are easy or hard, short or long, as long as you enjoy them. Furthermore, I am putting all this in a letter to your parents, so they won't feel they have to quiz and heckle you about books at home.” Yes, reading should be regarded as a pastime. The author tells us an example. He has a student. He had not assigned her a book to read, as most other teachers did. Just let her read books that interest her. The student began by reading simple books. The author sometimes gives her appropriate advice. Before long, the student was able to read some difficult books, which really surprised the author. We can also see it from another article, “Learning to Read and Write”, written by Frederick Douglass. “In the same book, I met with one of Sheridan’s mighty speeches on and in behalf of Catholic emancipation. These were choice documents to me. I read them over and over again with unabated interest. They gave tongue to interesting thoughts of my own soul, which had frequently flashed through my mind, and died away for want of utterance.” From the experience of Douglass, we can see that reading a book that interests you can start a person thinking. As you think more and more, your reading skills will naturally improve. In the other hand, when children are young, because literacy is not much, reading ability is not strong, so they prefer to watch TV, because television is simple, intuitive, there is color, there is sound, especially watching cartoons, funny characters, progress exciting plot are deeply attracted to the children. So they would rather watch TV than read books. But parents should not be discouraged, because many cartoons have book versions, and parents can guide their children to read related books by their favorite cartoon characters. For example, children love painting, he can buy some more exquisite picture books; Children like adventures, dinosaurs, Star Wars, etc., so they buy or borrow books for them. Only a child's favorite book can stimulate his interest in reading. In this way, it can greatly stimulate children's interest in reading. Not only read, but also write. Reading and writing are inseparable. Young students had better combine reading and writing. We know that vocabulary and phrases are a factor in reading ability. If you want to read an article, a sufficient vocabulary and phrases are indispensable. But how can we improve our vocabulary? We know that memorizing words by rote is inefficient. Writing is an effective way to increase your vocabulary. Write down unfamiliar words and phrases when you read. You can try to write a short passage with these words and phrases. This will help you remember the words better. Malcolm shared his learning experiences in his autobiography, “I woke up the next morning, thinking about those words - immensely proud to realize that not only had I written so much at one time, but I'd writ-ten words that I never knew were in the world. Moreover, with a little effort, I also could remember what many of these words meant. I reviewed the words whose meanings I didn't remember. Funny thing, from the dictionary first page right now, that "aardvark" springs to my mind.” Constant copying made it easy for him to remember many unfamiliar words. He started from memorizing words, gradually began to read, and gradually improved his reading ability. This is how he learned to read. He finally succeeded. In short, writing is really important, it can not only help you remember the words, but also help you understand the article better. Think more. If we just read, don't think. Our brain is only a container. Not only do we quickly forget what we have read, but it does little to improve our reading ability. We should not only read, but also think. This kind of reading is valuable. Discuss the plot of the book with your classmates. Views on the characters. Talk about your favorite passages. The process of discussion is a process of thinking and accumulation. In the other hand, we should read a book with questions and thoughts, after reading the introduction, you can try to summarize a sentence, what is the book saying? If you're going to share your feelings, you're going to have to tell people what's good about the book, and you're going to have to make a section of the chapter that you're reading, and each section is going to have to make a section of it, and then you're going to have to string it together, and you're going to get closer and closer to what the author meant and what the book was about. In the process of reading, we should enjoy the beauty of reading. Put yourself in the context of the book and read with empathy. In the context of the book, what would we do. Only by constantly integrating the thoughts in the book with their own thoughts, can we truly have an independent mind and free soul. At the same time, the process of reading is also a process of continuous thinking and reflection. It is a process of osmosis and metamorphosis. Only by thinking more can we improve my reading ability effectively Read more books. I think this is the best way in fostering reading for young students. As Thoms Edison says, “Genius is one per cent inspiration, ninety-nine per cent perspiration.” Even if it is a good method, if you don't stick to it, it won't help. But even if it is a bad way, you stick to it, you will certainly improve. A reporter once asked Bryant, "why do you think you've been so successful?" “Do you know what Los Angeles looks like at four in the morning?” He answered. Diligence is important to everyone. We can see it from the article, “What reading does for mind”, written by Anne Cunningham. “This is a stunning finding because it means that students who get off to a fast start in reading are more likely to read more over the years, and, furthermore, this very act of reading can help children compensate for modest levels of cognitive ability by building their vocabulary and general knowledge. In other words, ability is not the only variable that counts in the development of intellectual functioning. Those who read a lot will enhance their verbal intelligence; that is, reading will make them smarter.” Early reading improves us the most. Young students should read more books when they are young. Let me give you another example, Malcolm X, one of the most articulate and powerful leaders of black America during the 1960s. Malcolm X dropped out of school early. He was given a new lease of life in prison. “Let me tell you something: from then until I left that prison, in every free moment I had, if I was not reading in the library, I was reading on my bunk. You couldn't have gotten me out of books with a wedge. Between Mr. Muhammad's teachings, my correspondence, my visitors,... and my reading of books, months passed without my even thinking about being im­prisoned. In fact, up to then, I never had been so truly free in my life.”, He wrote in his autobiography. He lacks a lot of formal education compared to most of us. But it is diligence, keep reading, so that his reading ability has been improving. In the past when I was a child, my mother told me a bedtime story every night. These stories are from a book, “one hundred thousand why.” It’s really interesting. Why not drink milk on an empty stomach? Why do your eyes always turn together? Why can fireflies shine? Why is the sun red? This question fascinated me very much at this time. What’s more, whenever I read, my parents always praise me, which makes me happy. For this reason, I began to take great interest in reading books. When I was in high school, my brother works in a library. He brought me a large box of famous works, such as “Notre Dame Cathedral”, “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”, “The smile Man”. Actually, these books were a little difficult for me. I don’t know much about the background and feelings of these books. There are also many words I do not know. To understand these books better,before I read a book, I surf the Internet to find out its background. I read with a very relaxed mind. I only read the parts that interest me, skip the parts that don't interest me. My reading ability has been greatly improved. In conclusion, young students should read books that interest them and start with an easy book, which can stimulate their interest in reading. In addition, they should combine reading and writing in order to deepen understanding of context and memory of words. What’s more, they should increase reading volume. Only continuous reading is the best way to improve reading ability. However, there may be some sufferings in the early reading period. But I believe that as long as you stick to it, your reading ability will definitely be improved. Reading will become easier and easier for you. Reference 1. Douglass. Frederick,learning to read. 2. Malcolm X, learning to read. 3. John, Holt, How Teacher Make Children Hate Reading. 4. Anne Cunningham, What Reading Does for the Mind. FIANL ESSAY C William Zinsser & Jonathan Kozol Comparing students from higher evaluated districts versus those rating a lower status represent big differences in the advantages they have and determine how prepared they may be for college. Students who exit high schools with inadequate education have greater pressure in comparison wealthier students. Because students with wealthier statuses have greater connections through school and the variety of resources provided for them, it is simpler for them to be successful. While students coming from poorer communities may have trouble having resources needed in order to get a place in colleges considered to be good. Additionally, a big percent of students from wealthy school districts get accepted into high rated colleges, when comparing the lower income students these students tend to believe that college is not for them. Typically, this is due to struggles with finances & feeling as if they don’t fit in. For students trying to balance these pressures many choose the instinct of survival getting a job to help their families or to live on their own and provide for themselves; this is where students of higher income have advantage, these are likely scenarios that they do not often deal with giving them a superior position over lower groups of people. Many lack of the ability of being able to take a break that often times college students need and even those in or coming out of high school. These are aspects that high schools do not prepare you for. I think because low- & middle-class communities lack appropriate funding in their school’s students are not given and provided adequate education and opportunities others receive. High school educators may tell you things of how college works but in reality once you become a college students their views are invalid as they do not apply to us and our experience is somewhat of a shock since it is not what we are told to expect or experience. Students that don’t come from wealthier communities have more pressure to do better in school because they are expected to have good grades in order to look good for colleges. Parents expect their kids to achieve more in life than what they have achieved. By virtue, this means getting at least a degree in a convenient subject that will lead them to a good job & income. But being a first year in college can be very difficult in the way of finding your way around, not knowing anyone, getting the motivation to go to your classes, putting equal focus in all your classes instead of just one, etc. Students end up having anxiety from all the overwhelming 1 expectations colleges put on them. Because of this, students focus so much on school that most times they forget to have social lives, & to take a break. Most students drop classes before giving them a chance considering that they think they won’t be able to do all the assignments the professors give out. College students typically struggle with being able to have a social life, work life, and be a student at the same time it is hard to manage your time when there is so much on your plate to deal with at once. Often, we forget that our personal lives have great impact in our ability to keep moving forward and it is the number one thing we tend to ignore on a daily basis because we emphasize on what physical attention. It is easy for students to think that dropping from classes and falling behind is the answer to tying to get their other parts of life o track. Education is the first aspect to suffer in one’s life, we rather go to work to be able to provide food and a roof over our heads. Not all students are eligible for financial aid or grants/loans, and do not fall under certain criteria to receive help from programs provided through school; this is a battle for many and requires a great amount of time struggling students do not have. These are the behind the scene characteristics that high schools do not prepare you for or speak to you about, all we hear is that we must do good to get into a promising school but once we are in we do not know what to do, given this is the part no one prepared us for and we are out to fence for ourselves. Solutions school staff have proposed are, meditating which would benefit a lot of students that have developed anxiety due to different reasons one being pressure from college classes. They also have suggested counseling sessions to find even more options to help balance the difficulties of college. They’ve even tried breathing exercises & breathing apps for students to try when they’re feeling academic anxiety kick in. An outside source I found was an article called “How College Pressures Are Causing Serious Anxiety Problems in Students” by Katherine Rosenberg-Douglas in March 27, 2019. The Article explains how students overwhelm themselves while trying to get into good colleges. Some students are even hospitalized by the academic anxiety they develop. This article really relates to the topic since they both describe how hard it could be for a student to realize when they need a break from studies. The article also states how academic anxiety & stress in this generation has increased compared to past generations. I agree with this due to the fact that kids are expected to do way more academically than in past generations, where socially every kid went in the same path. But today anyone can end up anywhere, so parents push their children towards the best path they know, which can 2 cause the feeling of being pressured into something not all kids decide is for them. Also, in the article it says that a student goes to counseling because of all the stress and anxiety a “AP test” had caused her. She claims that it has helped her feel better about her upcoming test. This student usually gets up at 6 am & was at school at 7 am doing activities or volunteering. She states that “Its good in the way that it’ll prepare us for college”, I find this to be true. I do believe it is hard to balance social life with college pressures all while coming from schools that sometimes weren’t adequate towards the students. I struggled a lot in high school, I lost focus fast because I had ADHD, I also suffered from depression & anxiety which at one point they prescribed me different medications. Until my junior year of high school, I started to pass my classes because I realized if I didn’t put enough effort in trying to focus, I wasn’t going to graduate with my classmates. The school told me even if I had passed some classes I was not going to be able to graduate on time either way unless I went to a continuation school which I did. So, my senior year I started at this new school not knowing anyone there, which to my benefit helped me focus. I was missing over 100 credits from all my 4 years put together. They told me it was going to be a miracle if I could finish all those credits in just one school year. I felt devasted because at my old school I felt as if the teachers didn’t care to help me focus in my classes. But at this new school I had all the support I needed & I felt as if they actually understood me. The teachers there even planned a field trip to DVC to get our student IDs & to sign up for classes. They helped me understand registration so much, I don’t think I would’ve been able to register without my teachers supporting me. I went to counseling once a week at school to talk about any problems I had in my classes which helped with my stress with how many credits I was missing. Soon after I started to pass all my classes by taking independent studies while taking my regular classes & ended up passing all my classes, gaining all my credits, & even graduating earlier than my classmates at my old school. I felt so accomplished & made my family very happy. Once I started college, I had my sisters support since she was a sophomore at the time. She helped me understand college slur. I then signed up for two classes that semester just to see how it went. I ended up dropping both classes mid semester because I felt overwhelmed by all the expectations I had from school, my family, & myself. I didn’t know how to balance my classes, work, & my social life, I ended up giving up school & academic responsibilities just so I wouldn’t lose my social life. I wanted to 3 go to college but always felt like school wasn’t for me since I had ADHD, & depression. I thought I wasn’t going to be able to pass classes, sometimes I still think in those ways, but I take deep breaths, & sometimes I even meditate. Meditation is a big help when it comes to stress & anxiety. It has helped me in many situations when I am overwhelmed about an exam or a large essay, it even helps me to sleep most nights. Since I had dropped my classes due to my own pressures of thinking I wouldn’t pass the classes I worked most of the time. I soon started to tell myself I wasn’t going to go back to school. But then I found out I was pregnant with my son. Soon after I automatically told myself that I was going to return to college & no matter how much I struggled I was going to get a career out of it. As a parent you want the best for your child, you want to push them to be better than yourself. I want to give my child the opportunity to have the resources I didn’t have. He is my motivation & my balance in between college life & social life. I never imagined being able to focus in my classes let alone get good grades. But now my son is 8 months, I’m taking 4 classes, one online, 3 in person. My first class of the day is math at 7 in the morning, & it hurts to leave him for those days but I know it will be worth it in the end. I do believe the student in the article was right when she said waking up at 6 to be at school by 7 did prepare you for college. I take morning classes from 7am to 12pm to have the rest of the day to myself & my son. In conclusion I do believe coming from wealth will help a motivated focused student succeed. On the other hand, students that come from poorer households will have a bigger obstacle in going further academically. We all want the same things, we just have our own personal obstacles stopping us from getting to the places where we want to be. Some students have to get jobs in order to help their academic studies, some have to leave their kids in order to go to school to give them a better life. Some students just do excellently in school, & finish right away. We all don’t have a fair shot & we deal with our obstacles the best we can. As individuals we just have to determine what is more important. To compare each other to one another would be unfair as we all have different paths in life. Personally, if it wasn’t for my son, I wouldn’t be here writing to get a good grade. But I am because I want, I’m to have a good life, & never miss out on a good opportunity. 4 5 Rough B As the three of the writers Malcolm X, Frederick Douglass, and David Raymond, with each of their articles. They supported the meaning and importance of writing and reading. This literacy is a whole meaning of what life is. They talked about benefits, struggles, and how it applies to real-world situations. Writing and reading support mostly why we are here, from a digit age towards two-digit age, this literacy is used everywhere, that's why reading and writing is a complimentary essential to our life. The story of: "Learning to Read" by Frederick Douglass; tells us that Douglass learned how to read and write by the presence of his surroundings. He made his friends with the poor street boys, and because of his lifestyle, he could read and write." learning to read had been a curse rather than a blessing. It had given me a view of my wretched condition, without the remedy". From the early texts that he reads was the so-called "Columbian Orator" by a Boston schoolteacher and the bookseller. It helps Douglass to understand how slavery works and how it started. Understanding about history. He was also able to understand what abolitionist is. This word seems familiar to him, but he was unsure about the meaning. He searched in the dictionary, and it was unhelpful until he found out what it means when he reads the newspaper about the slave trade and the abolition of slavery. He also learns how to write as he wanted to write a story about himself. The story of: "Learning to Read" by Malcolm X "talked about a street hustler named Malcolm spending seven years of his time in prison where he educated himself and become a disciple of Elijah Muhammad later one during his release. During his jail time, he began learning words from the dictionary and started reading books from history, philosophy, and religion. Leading him to open into a new life away from being a gangster. "Book after book showed me how the white man had brought upon the world's black, brown, red, and yellow peoples every variety of the suffering of exploitation." He uses his knowledge to fight racism and slavery. With his experience, he becomes a famous speaker for the black Muslim community. He also fought for freedom towards racism, violence towards African Americans, and even other religions. In the story of: "On Being 17, Bright, and Unable to Read" by David Raymond," explains about his life and as a child having a dyslexia disease. He has a hard time reading and writing." And it was embarrassing. I only felt dumb. And dumb was how the kids treated me. They'd make fun of me every chance they got, asking me to spell "cat" or something like that." He often feels embarrassed and not belong to anything because of his disease. He also has a hard time making friends, and he was disappointed and sad because of his condition. But luckily, he was fortunate. He joined a camp school for exceptional people with a reading disorder. He was enjoying the camp; he made his friends with others who have the same disease and sickness as him. The good thing is that the director stated to him that he has a high IQ above the most population. He realizes that people do care about him and what. The director said it has a considerable effect on his confidence. He feels better. As readers, we realized that people around us affect us, whether it's good or bad. Every once in a while, people have asked why perusing is significant. There appear to be such huge numbers of different activities with one's time. Reading is substantial for an assortment of reasons. Text is a capacity that is key to working in the present society. Numerous adults can't read all around ok. Filling applications, perusing clinical portrayals, understanding street and cautioning signs is troublesome, making it hazardous and alarming as we think about it. Reading is an essential ability in getting a decent line of work. Your works go before us or present us. For instance, when we go after a position or to take a crack at a school, we have to give a resume and now and then an introductory letter, or when sending messages to somebody, we don't know well or haven't met at this point (work accomplices, clients, or in any event, reacting for the organization you work for). On the off chance that we make a terrible (or indecipherable) impression, the result for us may not be right. Poor composing may cost a great deal; it might prompt misconception and misinterpret because of sentence structure, syntax, accentuation, and spelling issues. To be employable, individuals must have two things, by and large: experience and a variety of down to earth abilities. Composing just so happens to be a genuinely necessary and exceptionally esteemed ability in the working scene – particularly in the corporate field and private divisions – not because most employments expect individuals to do it every day and week by week. Regardless of whether it is the law authorization official composing a wrongdoing report, an educator drafting an exercise plan for the following day's class, or a legal counselor concluding the legalities of a business bargain, composing is something most experts are required to do, whether they are utilized in white-or manual employments. Indeed, it's sheltered to state that because such vast numbers of organizations and associations require their workers to in any event be reasonably capable recorded as a hard copy, many individuals are procured basically because their ability for composing is superior to that of another candidate. Envision the splendid marketing specialist writing the following catchphrase that proceeds to make a shoe organization a large number of dollars; the copyeditor who gets a linguistic or actuality checking blunder depicting an item that would make some way or another have caused an undesired impact; the specialized essayist who can interpret the language of a software engineer into the language of the shopper. His saying is intended to be amusing, maybe even somewhat mysterious. To the regular individual, composing gives off an impression of being an extremely basic action, simply placing single word before another to make sentences. However, the craftsperson of terms realizes that it is a long way from reality. They know that composting is rarely straightforward, and continuously a test however generally fun. It's an incredibly dull, hair-pulling thing to be acceptable at. Also, along these lines, essayists can help other people who aren't adequate at composing. Individuals who are specialists at composing their language are commonly inventive individuals with smart thoughts, an attribute that can cause essayists to exceed expectations in the promoting/advertising, distributing and news coverage, and even political fields. They pass on considerations in the composing structure, thoughts that can eventually engage a peruser, pull in a customer, and charm a potential client. In a few good manners, individuals who are acceptable scholars can prompt an expansion in income. From all of these passages above, I learned that reading and writing are affecting most parts of our lives. In any lifetime or situations, there would always be the need to write and read. For me, reading brings me different understandings and perspectives of others. It brings me variant knowledge for me to learn and absorbed. Such as reading non-fiction books, watching the news, and reading the newspaper gives us a better (Curtis)another different sensation and benefits us by using our creativity. Exploring our thoughts and writing out our expressions and sharing our ideas with the world and others. Bibliography Curtis, Alexandra. essaymasters.co.uk. n.d. 23 02 2020. douglass, Frederick. Learning to Read and Write by Frederick Douglass. n.d. 30 January 2020. Raymond, David. The new york times. 25 April 1976. 30 January 2020. X, MALCOLM. Learning to read. n.d. 30 January 2020. Rough A Differences with John Holt, Anne Cunningham, and Keith Stranovich In the article “How Teachers Make Children Hate Reading” he stated that he “Believe that drills and other traditional, structured classroom activities tend to destroy a students creativity and desire to learn.” While Holt was a teacher and his students didn’t understand words, he would make them look the work up in the dictionary so they can see how the word was used in a sentence to get a better understanding about the word. He would then give them a test based on the words they didn’t know, and after years of doing this be came to the conclusion that this was “foolish”. Holt had a nephew who’s teachers made them “Microscope and x-ray” treatment to the book, which means to look up and memorize not only the definitions but big words they didn’t know. After every chapter they “microscopy and x-rayed” they had a test questioning if they understood the text or not. Holt thought it was a good idea, but then his sister told him that her son loved to read and once his teacher started making him do this crazy reading and memorizing, that he didn’t like to read anymore. Holt thought to himself if children don’t look up words they don’t know how are they ever going to know what the word means, until his sister told him that he would read adult books all the time and never looked up the big words he didn’t know. After hearing his sister tell him that he was speechless, he didn’t know what to say to her. In his article he found a quote saying "According to tests, educated and literate people like you have a vocabulary of about twenty-five thousand words. How Many of these did you learn by looking them up in a dictionary?" I really like this quote because how many people do you really know that read a dictionary, or look up words in the dictionary. I feel like nowadays if someone is trying to look up a work they look it up on the computer or their phones. Even when people didn’t have the internet to look up words I feel like they still wouldn’t have looked up words in the dictionary or even read a dictionary. I think a lot of people learn new vocabulary from talking to new people in their day to days life’s and just hearing them, even talking to the same people could help you expand your vocabulary. When Holt was teaching fifth grade, he had all his students write down every book they read and a one sentence summary about so he can have an idea of what books they read. As his students begin to write he noticed that most of his students had few books and he wasn’t sure why. Holt wrote a book called “How Children Fail” and he realized that school is a dangerous place and students are just trying to stay out of danger. As kids growing up you were taught to read aloud whether it was with your parents or at school. In Holt’s article he describes that having children read aloud can be very painful or traumatizing in a way for the students because if they mess up on a word other students could make fun of them or the teacher will call them out for mispronouncing the word. This relates to me so much because having dyslexia, reading aloud is very scary and when you get called on you don’t want to mess up a word because you know that if you mispronounce a word everyone is going to make fun of you and then you get embarrassed. Holt states “As true of children as of cat.If they, so to speak, sit on a hot book a few times, if books cause them humiliation and pain, they are likely to decide that the safest thing to do is to leave all books alone. After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years I felt quite sure of this theory. In my next class there were many children who had had great trouble with schoolwork, particularly reading. I decided to try at all costs t6 rid them of their fear and dislike of books, and to get them to read often and more adventurously.” This quote means that by having students read something interesting and they like, that the students will like it ten times more than a book they are forced to read because a teacher told them they have too. Holt had told all his students that just because you start a book, doesn’t mean you have to finish it. He said just read at least 40 pages and if you don’t like the character and what happens to them just close the book. When he told his students that they all were in shock. As John Holt once said, “Find something, dive into it, take the good parts, skip the bad parts, get what you can out of it, go on to something else. How different is our mean-spirited, picky insistence that every child gets every last little scrap of “understanding” that can be dug out of a book.” In the article “What reading does for the mind” she found that the more you read makes you smarter, and it keeps you sharp as you age. Reading is an amazing way to get where you’re wanting to go. The article says “No matter what you’re wanting to do or become, you can’t do it without more knowledge.” The more you read the more knowledge you’ll know and a better chance of getting a job later on in your life. As Reading can be very beneficial to helping you get a better job in your life, I also believe it’s what you know but who you know is very helpful in your future work life. In a workplace knowing someone high up in the industry is very beneficial to you and they can help you get a better paying job. Reading a lot can get you very far in life but also knowing people can you far too. As I agree with Cunningham and Stanovich reading does make you smarter and can help you get a really good paying job later in life, reading can be very hard for some people. Take for example, I don't like reading because when I read I can comprehend what I read so it’s not easy for me to read. When I read my brain has to work extra hard just to comprehend what I read, so personally I don’t like to read. Not that I don’t think reading is bad, I agree with the article that reading grows your brain and gets you smarter, I just don’t like reading for personal reasons. As for other people they like to read and reading on a daily basis in fun for them, and that’s good for them and will help them in the future. People also like to read for fun all the time not to to grow their knowledge but to relax and just read a book. Many people find reading very relaxing and fun to do, that’s why they do it for fun. Holt, John. “How Teachers Make Children Hate Reading (John Holt).” HCCS Learning Web, learning.hccs.edu/faculty/ioanna.panos/engl1301-165-166/unit-3a-collegelearning/how-teachers-make-children-hate-reading-john-holt/view. Cunningham, Anne E, and Keith Stanovich. “What Reading Does for the Mind.” What Reading Does for the Mind, 1998, www.aft.org/sites/default/files/periodicals/cunningham.pdf.
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Explanation & Answer

Hello, How are you? These are the response. Thank you.

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Rough A
The author explains how different students respond at an early age when they are
subjected to forceful reading. I agree with the author; when the students are forced to read
based on an examination, they begin to dislike reading for fun. Initially, reading was designed
for fun and relaxing, and enjoyment, (Earl p 59) .However, when the students are subjected to
exams form an early stage, there is a high likelihood they will not prefer to read from their
interest.
The traditional schooling system is not making things easy for the students to love to
read; instead, most of the students prefer not to read as they do not fully comprehend what is
being taught (Earl). Also, as students’ progress with their grades, they are required to read out
loud, which can be devastating, especially for the students who have stage fright and are not
aware of how best to read out some words, (Earl p 57) The only way to ensure children again
prefer to read books out of their interest is to allow the students to pick on books they like
and have fun. Later the students can be told to share with their classmates their input on the
books they have currently read. Reading can be re-introduced in schools in a fun way; it does
not have to be dull full of lectures and pressure on the delivery of assignments.

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Work Cited
Earl, Madeline. How Unschooling Summer Learning improves reading comprehension at a
greater rate than Traditional Summer School. Diss. 2019. 56-90


Surname1
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Response- Rough B
The author expresses how writing can take different forms. Individuals are motivated
to read and often write, depending on their career and their daily activities. Some individuals
do not fancy reading and writing and instead preferring to avoid these functionalities at all
costs. However, reading and writing are an integral part of the lifestyle. I agree with the
author; professionals in medicine, science, and technology prefer to read to ensure they are
well updated with the relevant information that is currently available. But individuals who are
not interested in reading and writing are often in lower-ranked professionals.
Individuals who are interested in reading and are having difficulties can opt to join
reading camps for them to improve their reading ability. Reading is an integral part that needs
to be observed at all times by different persons (Sai and Ramakrishna 6). Reading does not
have to be considered as re-living bad memories as expressed by the author, but it can be
translated into something beautiful. Unfortunately, most of the materials that are available in
history are not favorable. Instead, the writings are full of pain, and the readers need to
understand when they read a document, they do not also have to write sad stories; instead,
they can prefer to write engaging and memorable stories.

Surname2
Work Cited
Sai, M. Ganesh, and M. Ramakrishna Sayee. "Book Review: Truth, Trust+ Tenacity: How
Ordinary People Become Extraordinary Leaders (Ritch K. Eich)." The Journal of
Values-Based Leadership 9.2 (2016): 6.


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Response- FINAL ESSAY C (William Zinsser & Jonathan Kozol)
The authors argue students from wealthier families have a better chance of doing well
in school in comparison to students from low income earning families. I agree with the
authors' sentiments children from wealthier families do not have to deal with the need to get a
job to meet their basics needs and thus have more time to study. However, there is more
pressure placed on the students from wealthier families by their parents as they have been
given all the provisions they need for their studies (Greenwalt). Consisted of pressure may
make a student get into depression and is not treated...


Anonymous
This is great! Exactly what I wanted.

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