INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY THEORY AND HEALTH STATISTICSPart I (approximately 1–1½ pages, total):Copy and paste the following examples (1-6 below), then respond by classifying each of the following variables as either: nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio. Provide a brief explanation where indicated. A researcher studying lifespan categorizes individuals into single, married, divorced, or widowed. What type of variable measurement is this? A cognitive scientist places her subjects into categories based on how anxious they tell her that they are feeling: “not anxious,” “mildly anxious,” “moderately anxious,” and “severely anxious,” and she uses the numbers 0, 1, 2 and 3 to label categories where lower numbers indicate less anxiety. What type of variable measurement is this? Are the categories mutually exclusive? A Physician diagnoses the presence or absence of disease (i.e., yes or no). What type of variable measurement is this? A person weighing 200 lbs. is considered to be twice as heavy as a person weighing 100 lbs. In this case, what type of measurement is body weight? A nurse takes measurements of body temperature on patients and reports them in units of degrees Farenheit as part of a study. What type of variable measurement is this? Patients rate their experience in the emergency room on a five point scale from poor to excellent (1 = very poor, 2 = not very good, 3 = neither good nor bad, 4 = quite good, and 5 = excellent). What type of variable measurement is this? Is the difference between a 1 and a 2 necessarily the same as the difference between a 3 and a 4? Explain briefly. Part II: Statistics (1/2 page)Given what you’ve learned in this module about the meaning of “statistics,” choose one of the examples from Part I (1-6), and raise a relevant question of your own that could be answered by a statistician. Then without answering your own question, explain how a pattern could be studied or a useful prediction made based on data that are to be collected.Part III: Quantitative vs. Qualitative Data (approximately 1–1½ pages)A health scientist wishes to measure how well participants diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder are coping. Explain how a variable such as coping could be measured quantitatively or qualitatively.APA forRequired Reading and ResourcesCenters for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. (2012). Lesson 4: Displaying public health data. In Principles of epidemiology in public health practice [3rd ed.]. Retrieved from www.cdc.gov/ophss/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson4/index...Cook, A., Netuveli, G., & Sheikh, A. (2004). Chapter 1: Laying the foundations: Measurements and probability. In Basic skills in statistics: A guide for healthcare professionals (pp. 3-14). London, GBR: Class Publishing. eISBN: 9781859591291.Statistics Learning Centre. (2011, December 13). Types of data: Nominal, ordinal, interval/ratio[video file]. Retrieved from Norman, G. R., & Streiner, D. L. (2014). Section the first: The nature of data and statistics: Chapter 1: The basics. In Biostatistics: The bare essentials [4th ed., e-Book]. Shelton, Connecticut: PMPH-USA, Ltd. eISBN-13: 978-1-60795-279-4. Available in the Trident Online Library EBSCO eBook Collection.Partners in Information Access for the Public Health Workforce. (2016, August 9). Health data tools and statistics. Retrieved from https://phpartners.org/health_stats.html

Part 1• You have been asked to prepare the requirements for an HR dashboard for your organization. The dashboard includespara-data (demographics, compensation, organizational structure, reporting structures by position) already in your organization’s enterprise platform. You will also have the capability to upload and depict attitude and opinion survey data. This organization has 50,000 employees all over the United States and abroad, and they represent over 100 occupations, from merchant sailors to marine architects.Search the Internet for potential products to support this project, and describe them with respect to the attributes described above. Please do consider cost, but not as a determining point. The key attribute of platform selection is usability. How easy is it to use, upload data, and create graphical depictions and array data to respond to critical decision-influencing questions?Part 2Common to today's business environment is the presence of powerful data management and depiction platforms, as well as sophisticated data record systems. We can call upon these tools to provide us with HRM-related data to assist in accessing many different aspects of organizational life. Gender, race, ethnicity, time in the organization, training information, occupational fields, office (or section, unit, division, or branch), and compensation levels are but a few of the data elements we can see and manipulate.• What are some of the insights we can draw from organizational demographic data and information, and how might it influence and inform the organization? • Are there any important and useful demographic elements that have not been monitored? o Report them and describe why they are valuable HR demographic measures. • What are some of the internal factors that influence and inform other demographic data elements that are not included?