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a.How many cubic centimeters of water will a rectangular fish tank hold if the tank is 70 cm long, 50 cm wide, and 40 cm high?
b. If 1 cm^3 holds 1 mL of liquid, how many milliliters will tank hold
c. If 1 L=1,000 ml, how many liters tank hold
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Explanation & Answer
a Vol = L*W*H
b 1 cm3 will hold 1 mL of liquid so it will remain samec Every1000ml is 1 litre, so the number of litres is x ÷ 1000 = y litres
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Hypothesis testing
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Hypothesis testing
Hypothesis testing can be important when developing performance standards for your subordinates. Each of you will be a manager, and each of you will therefore need to develop performance standards which will clearly allow you (and your subordinate) to agree as to whether or not the subordinate met your requirement. You do not want to end a rating period with disagreement on the subordinate’s performance, and you do not want to lose a grievance to upper management should the subordinate appeal your performance rating. (A subordinate certainly has every right to appeal, but you should never lose an appeal!) Suppose that you are manager of a restaurant, and need to develop a series of performance standards for each member of your staff. The restaurant is a full-service restaurant, with seated customers, menus, a hostess to meet customers and seat customers, etc. Examples might include Joe Theismann’s, an IHOP, an Outback Steakhouse, etc. For this case study, develop one measurable, numeric performance standard for a member of the wait staff. Then show how you could take a random sample of 30 readings of the performance and develop a hypothesis test using the t statistical method to determine, at 95% confidence, if the performance standard was met. List 30 notional (hypothetical) “readings” and calculate a corresponding notional t-test to show how your subordinate hypothetically performed. You will need to calculate the sample mean, sample standard deviation, use the t table in the back of the book, etc., to complete the analytics. You must use Excel to log your data and perform many or all of your analytics, and you will submit your Excel file (and any other files you may find convenient to submit such as photos of your calculations if done long-hand). This may be a one-tail test. At the 95% confidence level, using the notional data, can you conclude that the subordinate is meeting your standard.
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Question 1Fifty chief executive officers of small to medium-sized companies were classified according to
their gender and ...
Statistics please check the file
Question 1Fifty chief executive officers of small to medium-sized companies were classified according to
their gender and functional background as shown in the table below:
Functional
Background
Male
Female
Total
Marketing
4
10
14
Finance
11
5
16
Operations
17
3
20
Total
32
18
50
If a chief executive is randomly selected from this group what is the probability that the
executive is a Male?
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whose functional background is Finance?
Assume that an executive is selected and you are told that the executive’s functional
background was in operations. What is the probability that his executive is a male?
Assume that an executive is selected and you are told that the executive is female. What
is the probability the executive’s functional area is marketing?
Are gender and functional background independent for this set of executives?
Question 2
A manufacturing firm has two suppliers for an electrical component used in its process: one in
Mexico and one in China. The supplier in Mexico ships 82% of all the electrical components
used by the firm and has a defect rate of 6%. The Chinese supplier ships 18% of the electrical
components used by the firm and has a defect rate of 4%.
a. Draw a tree diagram for this question.
b. Calculate the probability that an electrical component is defective.
c. Suppose an electrical component is defective. What is the probability that component
was shipped from Mexico?
Question 3
Given the following discrete probability distribution.
X
P(x)
50
0.2
65
0.15
70
0.25
75
0.05
90
?
Calculate the expected value of x.
Calculate the variance of x
Calculate the standard deviation of x.
Question 4
A survey by KRC Research for US News reported that 30% of people plan to spend more on
eating out after they retire. If ten people are randomly selected, then determine the
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Standard deviation of the individuals who plan to spend more on eating out after they
retire.
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Question 5
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transferred, cleaned, and partitioned?
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https://drive.google.com/file/d/1fokbY784GSWN4xC4jvdPd62UoeT4x9wf/view?usp=sharing
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Hypothesis testing
Hypothesis testing can be important when developing performance standards for your subordinates. Each of you will be a ma ...
Hypothesis testing
Hypothesis testing can be important when developing performance standards for your subordinates. Each of you will be a manager, and each of you will therefore need to develop performance standards which will clearly allow you (and your subordinate) to agree as to whether or not the subordinate met your requirement. You do not want to end a rating period with disagreement on the subordinate’s performance, and you do not want to lose a grievance to upper management should the subordinate appeal your performance rating. (A subordinate certainly has every right to appeal, but you should never lose an appeal!) Suppose that you are manager of a restaurant, and need to develop a series of performance standards for each member of your staff. The restaurant is a full-service restaurant, with seated customers, menus, a hostess to meet customers and seat customers, etc. Examples might include Joe Theismann’s, an IHOP, an Outback Steakhouse, etc. For this case study, develop one measurable, numeric performance standard for a member of the wait staff. Then show how you could take a random sample of 30 readings of the performance and develop a hypothesis test using the t statistical method to determine, at 95% confidence, if the performance standard was met. List 30 notional (hypothetical) “readings” and calculate a corresponding notional t-test to show how your subordinate hypothetically performed. You will need to calculate the sample mean, sample standard deviation, use the t table in the back of the book, etc., to complete the analytics. You must use Excel to log your data and perform many or all of your analytics, and you will submit your Excel file (and any other files you may find convenient to submit such as photos of your calculations if done long-hand). This may be a one-tail test. At the 95% confidence level, using the notional data, can you conclude that the subordinate is meeting your standard.
Statistics please check the file
Question 1Fifty chief executive officers of small to medium-sized companies were classified according to
their gender and ...
Statistics please check the file
Question 1Fifty chief executive officers of small to medium-sized companies were classified according to
their gender and functional background as shown in the table below:
Functional
Background
Male
Female
Total
Marketing
4
10
14
Finance
11
5
16
Operations
17
3
20
Total
32
18
50
If a chief executive is randomly selected from this group what is the probability that the
executive is a Male?
What is the probability that a randomly selected executive from this group is a male
whose functional background is Finance?
Assume that an executive is selected and you are told that the executive’s functional
background was in operations. What is the probability that his executive is a male?
Assume that an executive is selected and you are told that the executive is female. What
is the probability the executive’s functional area is marketing?
Are gender and functional background independent for this set of executives?
Question 2
A manufacturing firm has two suppliers for an electrical component used in its process: one in
Mexico and one in China. The supplier in Mexico ships 82% of all the electrical components
used by the firm and has a defect rate of 6%. The Chinese supplier ships 18% of the electrical
components used by the firm and has a defect rate of 4%.
a. Draw a tree diagram for this question.
b. Calculate the probability that an electrical component is defective.
c. Suppose an electrical component is defective. What is the probability that component
was shipped from Mexico?
Question 3
Given the following discrete probability distribution.
X
P(x)
50
0.2
65
0.15
70
0.25
75
0.05
90
?
Calculate the expected value of x.
Calculate the variance of x
Calculate the standard deviation of x.
Question 4
A survey by KRC Research for US News reported that 30% of people plan to spend more on
eating out after they retire. If ten people are randomly selected, then determine the
Expected number of people who plan to spend more on eating out after they retire.
Standard deviation of the individuals who plan to spend more on eating out after they
retire.
c. Probability that two or fewer in the sample indicate that they actually plan to spend more
on eating out after retirement.
Question 5
A global financial institution transfers a large data file every evening from offices around the
world to its London headquarters. Once the file is received, it must be cleaned and partitioned
before being stored in the company’s data warehouse. Each file is the same size and the time
required to transfer, clean, and partition a file is normally distributed, with mean of 1.5 hours and
a standard deviation of 15 minutes.
a. If one file is selected at random, what is the probability that it will take longer than 1 hour
and 45 minutes to transfer, clean, and partition the file?
b. If a manager must be present until 90% of the files are transferred, cleaned, and
partitioned, how long will the manager need to be there?
c. What percentage of the data files will take between 70 minutes and 110 minutes to be
transferred, cleaned, and partitioned?
Question 6
When only the value-added time is considered, the time it takes to build a laser printer is thought
to be uniformly distributed between 8 and 15 hours.
What are the chances that it will take more than 10 value-added hours to build a printer?
How likely is it that a printer will require less than 9 value-added hours?
c. Suppose a single customer orders two printers. Determine the probability that the first
and second printer each will require less than 9 value-added hours to complete.
CC Statistics Worksheet
1Review quiz: Topics 1-2-3Q14 PointsA 2017 study examined a large sample of health records from a California health insura ...
CC Statistics Worksheet
1Review quiz: Topics 1-2-3Q14 PointsA 2017 study examined a large sample of health records from a California health insurance for children born between 2000-10. The study found that 3103 children had a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the remaining 193,826 did not. Below is a summary table from the publication.Q1.12 PointsThe value 82% listed in this table is part of:Choice 1 of 4:The conditional distribution of ASD diagnosis, given sexChoice 2 of 4:The conditional distribution of sex, given ASD diagnosisChoice 3 of 4:The marginal distribution of ASD diagnosisChoice 4 of 4:The marginal distribution of sexQ1.22 PointsHow common was an ADS diagnosis among the girls in this study? Give your answer as a percentage rounded to 1 decimal place, for ex. 11.1%. (Do include the % symbol but do not spell it out or add text.)Q24 PointsA 2012 study of freely forming groups in bars all over Europe examined the natural behavior of groups. The researchers recorded the group size (number of individuals in the group) of all 501 groups in the study that were naturally laughing. The findings were displayed in the figure below. Q2.12 PointsComplete this summary sentence by filling in the blanks with numerical values rounded to one decimal place if needed (for ex., 1.1, no text or units).For groups in European bars observed to be naturally laughing before the pandemic (in 2012), group size ranged from a minimum ofto a maximum ofwith a median size ofQ2.22 PointsCan we conclude from these findings that smaller groups are more likely to be laughing than larger groups? Explain your reasoning in one short sentence.Q34 PointsA 2015 study examined whether light-emitting eReaders at bedtime may impair sleep quality. A random sample of 12 healthy adults slept in the lab on two different days. In random order, participants read for 30 minutes a print book one night and a light-emitting eReader the other night. Scalp electrodes were used to measure how long (in minutes) it took participants to reach a deep sleep stage. On average, the subjects took 12.3 minutes longer to reach deep sleep with the eReader than with the book.Q3.12 PointsChoose the appropriate layout to record data from this study.
Choice 1 of 2:Table AChoice 2 of 2:Table BQ3.22 PointsOn average, it took healthy adults longer to reach deep sleep when they used an eReader compared to a print book (a "significant," surprisingly substantial, difference). What conclusion can we draw from this study?Choice 1 of 3:We cannot conclude that the significant increase in time to deep sleep is caused by the eReader because the study didn’t include people who do not read books.Choice 2 of 3:Because of the experimental design, we can conclude that the use of an eReader is the reason for this significant increase in time to deep sleep.Choice 3 of 3:Because participants were simply observed while sleeping, the significant increase in time to deep sleep may or may not be caused by the use of an eReader.Q46 PointsIn 2018, the data analytics website, The Pudding, published an analysis of men’s and women’s pocket sizes for the most popular American brands of blue jeans. Download the data file below:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/14IT82MGQ6MnLct9ao04BHT6cMldwF5fb/view?usp=sharing
(This file, jeans-pockets2018.csv, is also accessible from Canvas on the Topic 2 Roadmap.) Import this data file into CrunchIt: http://crunchit3.bfwpub.com/psls4eWe will look at the price (in dollars, $) of men's and women's jeans. This corresponds to the variables “price” and "menWomen" in the data file.Q4.12 PointsPlot the data for men’s and women’s jeans prices in a side-by-side boxplot. Be sure to label both axes of your graph and include units as needed. Set the title to be your first and last name -- understand that you will not get full credit unless your graph has your name in its title. Right-click on your graph to “save as image” on your desktop, then upload this image here.Please select file(s)Select file(s)Q4.22 PointsObtain the 10th percentile of prices for women’s jeans. Enter this value rounded to the nearest dollar (for ex., 11, no text or symbol).Q4.32 PointsThe 10th percentile of prices for women’s jeans indicates that 10% of women's jeans in the data set areChoice 1 of 3:at least as expensive as that value.Choice 2 of 3:at most as expensive as that value.Choice 3 of 3:roughly equal in price to that value.Q52 PointsNational College Athletic Association (NCAA) provides data on college sports injuries. When an injury occurs, the NCAA adds an entry to their database. The database does not track which player experienced the injury.This figure below summarizes all injuries experienced by women’s collegiate volleyball players from 2005 to 2009. It shows what percent of all injuries were of each type. Injury types that made up less than 2% of all injuries were grouped together as “All other.”Consider these two statements summarizing the findings:
A) Between 2005 and 2009, the most common type of injury reported by women collegiate volleyball players was a sprain.
B) Between 2005 and 2009, nearly half of all women collegiate volleyball players experienced either a sprain or a muscle tear.Choice 1 of 4:A is incorrect but B is correct.Choice 2 of 4:A is correct but B is incorrect.Choice 3 of 4:Both A and B are incorrect.Choice 4 of 4:Both A and B are correct.Q62 PointsA study assessed the effects of playing a computer game (solitaire) during lunch on snack behavior. A sample of 44 healthy adults was randomly assigned to eat lunch either with the computer game distraction or without distraction. All participants ate the same breakfast and lunch. Thirty minutes after lunch, participants were offered cookies as a snack and were instructed to eat as many or as few cookies as they liked. Those who ate with the distraction ate on average 52 grams of cookies, compared with 27 grams for those who ate without the distraction -- a surprisingly substantial (statistically significant) difference.What can we reasonably conclude from this study?Choice 1 of 5:Because of confounding variables, we cannot conclude that a computer distraction necessarily leads to higher snack intake.Choice 2 of 5:Because of confounding variables, we cannot conclude that a computer distraction necessarily leads to higher snack intake, on average, in lab situations offering free food.Choice 3 of 5:In similar lab situations offering free food, eating with a computer distraction leads healthy adults to snack more later, on average.Choice 4 of 5:In similar lab situations offering free food, eating with a computer distraction leads all healthy adults to snack more later.Choice 5 of 5:Eating with a computer distraction leads all healthy adults to snack more later.Q72 PointsNew York State (excluding New York City) reported the deaths of all white men and black men who died from prostate cancer (PC) in 1994. The data are summarized below. Overall, the death rates from prostate cancers were very similar for White men and Black men in New York State in 1994. This fact, however, obscures some stark differences between White men and Black men, where Black men clearly suffered disproportionately from prostate cancer. This paradox is due to the fact thatChoice 1 of 4:the percent of white men was higher among the older men than among the younger men, and older men were more likely to die.Choice 2 of 4:the percent of white men was higher among the younger men than among the older men, and older men were more likely to die.Choice 3 of 4:the percent of white men was higher among the older men than among the younger men, and older men were less likely to die.Choice 4 of 4:the percent of white men was higher among the younger men than among the older men, and older men were less likely to die.Q84 PointsA study published in 2015 examined material-need insecurities (food insecurity, cost-related medication underuse, housing instability, and energy insecurity) among adults diagnosed with diabetes. The study collected data on a random sample of 411 adult diabetic patients treated in medical centers all over Massachusetts. It found that 64.1% of the patients who experienced food insecurity had a poor control of their diabetes, whereas 41.6% of the patients who didn’t experience any food insecurity had a poor control of their diabetes.Q8.12 PointsWhich of the following plots correctly displays the reported study findings?Choice 1 of 3:Choice 2 of 3:Choice 3 of 3:Q8.22 PointsWhat would be an appropriate conclusion from this study?Choice 1 of 4:In Massachusetts, experiencing food insecurity interferes with adult diabetic patients’ ability to control their diabetes.Choice 2 of 4:Experiencing food insecurity interferes with adult diabetic patients’ ability to control their diabetes.Choice 3 of 4:There is a link between food insecurity and diabetes control among adult diabetic patients in Massachusetts, but it is not necessarily a causal link.Choice 4 of 4:There is a link between food insecurity and diabetes control among adult diabetic patients, but it is not a causal link.Q96 PointsThe pulse oximeter is an inexpensive and non-invasive device that assesses a person’s blood oxygen level (“oxygen saturation”) by shining light through the skin of a finger. It is commonly used to determine whether a COVID-19 patient should be admitted to the emergency room and how much oxygen to give them. A 2020 study compared the reading from a pulse oximeter with the actual oxygen level in blood drawn from an artery, in a large sample of hospitalized patients who identified their race as Black or White. The findings are summarized in the figure below. The figure highlights the arterial oxygen saturation value 88% because of its clinical relevance in a number of medical decisions. Q9.12 PointsSelect the best option from the listed choices to fill in the "BLANKS" in the following sentence:Among patients with a pulse oximeter reading of 91%, BLANK-1 of White patients and BLANK-2 of Black patients had actual arterial oxygen saturations below the 88% level. BLANK-1:Choice 1 of 4:less than one quarterChoice 2 of 4:less than halfChoice 3 of 4:more than halfChoice 4 of 4:more than three quartersBLANK-2:Choice 1 of 4:less than one quarterChoice 2 of 4:less than halfChoice 3 of 4:more than halfChoice 4 of 4:more than three quartersQ9.22 PointsThe pulse oximeter performed worse overall for Black patients than for White patients, with data showing a tendency of the device toChoice 1 of 2:overestimate (inflate) the true arterial blood oxygenation level of Black patients.Choice 2 of 2:underestimate (understate) the true arterial blood oxygenation level of Black patients.Q9.32 PointsIn the article, the researchers stated that “Questions about pulse oximeter technology have been raised, given its original development in populations that were not racially diverse.”To what statistical issue does this statement refer?Choice 1 of 7:BlindingChoice 2 of 7:Nonresponse biasChoice 3 of 7:Response biasChoice 4 of 7:The placebo effectChoice 5 of 7:UndercoverageChoice 6 of 7:Voluntary response biasChoice 7 of 7:Wording effectsQ102 PointsA study of the effect of vitamin E on vascular disease in smokers recruited 22 healthy young adult male smokers and randomly assigned them to take for four weeks either a vitamin E supplement pill or an identical-looking pill containing no vitamin E. The study used ultrasound to measure the participants’ arterial diameter (in millimeters) at the end of the study. The ultrasound operator was not told which participant had taken the vitamin E supplement.Explain why this study does not have a case-control design.Choice 1 of 4:Although this and a case-control study are both randomized experiments, in a case-control study we take two random samples (one of cases and one of controls) whereas here we have only one.Choice 2 of 4:Although this and a-case control study are both observational studies, in a case-control study we take two random samples (one of cases and one of controls) whereas here we have only one.Choice 3 of 4:A case-control study is a type of experiment where we take two separately acquired random samples (one of cases and one of controls); here we have data on only one random sample of participants and it is a cross-sectional observational study.Choice 4 of 4:A case-control study is a type of observational study where we take and compare two separately acquired random samples (one of cases and one of controls); here we have only one sample of participants who were randomly assigned to the conditions, which means it is a completely randomized experiment.Q119 PointsManatees are large aquatic mammals that were listed until recently as an endangered species in the United States. Florida has collected census data on manatee deaths for all years since 1977, except for 2020 when data collection was interrupted by the pandemic. Download the manatee-deaths2019.csv data file at
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1fokbY784GSWN4xC4jvdPd62UoeT4x9wf/view?usp=sharing
containing the number of manatees that died because of a powerboat collision and the number of powerboats registered (recorded in thousands) in any given year in Florida between 1977 and 2019. (Beware that this file is different from the one posted on Topic 3 Roadmap because it has one more row.)You can upload the data into CrunchIt (http://crunchit3.bfwpub.com/psls4e) either from the 'Menu / File / Import from file' or from the 'Menu / Edit / Paste Spreadsheet' options.Q11.12 PointsCreate a scatterplot of the number of manatees that died because of a powerboat collision and the number of powerboats registered (in thousands) in any given year in Florida between 1977 and 2019. Be sure to properly label the axes and include units as needed. Also enter your first and last name in the title of the graph -- understand that you will not get full credit unless your graph has your name in its title. Right-click on your graph to “save as image” on your desktop, then upload this image here.Please select file(s)Select file(s)Q11.23 PointsRun a linear regression analysis modeling manatee deaths from collision as a function of thousand powerboats registered. In one sentence, interpret the value of the slope in context.Q11.32 PointsEnter the numerical value of r^2r2 as a number between 0 and 1 rounded to 2 decimal places (for ex., 0.11, no units, no text or letters).Q11.42 PointsBased on this linear regression model, if Florida were to limit to 700,000 the number of powerboats registered in a year, what could we expect the number of manatee deaths due to collisions with powerboats to be in such years? We would expectChoice 1 of 7:roughly 50 manatee deaths.Choice 2 of 7:roughly 50 manatee deaths, on average.Choice 3 of 7:roughly 106 manatee deaths.Choice 4 of 7:roughly 106 manatee deaths, on average.Choice 5 of 7:roughly 105,644 manatee deaths.Choice 6 of 7:roughly 105,644 manatee deaths, on average.Choice 7 of 7:a completely unknown number of manatee deaths.Q125 PointsHere is a figure from a report by 2014 report by the Pew Research Center based on a random sample of American adults who use the internet.
Q12.13 PointsExpress the left-most light-blue value on this graph, 22, as a sentence in context.Q12.22 PointsExplain in one sentence why the dark blue bars for male respondents do not add up to 100% in this figure.
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