Description
A and P pathophysiology paper
You will pick a disease for your pathophysiology paper. The disease must be for one of the organ system covered this term listed in the syllabus. Select a disease from current events that is an emerging or reemerging concern to you or people in your area. Provide local epidemiological data for the disease.
The paper must be in APA format and 2-5 pages
Your paper must include:
- Introduction to the disease and the organ system (history, signs, symptoms, epidemiology etc.)
- Discussion of the normal anatomy and physiology of the organ system involved (
cell andtissue populations involved organs, primary functions, connections to other body systems) - Discussion of the changes to the anatomy and physiology as a result of the disease (pathophysiology)
- Discussion of treatment /prevention options
- 3 primary and at least 2 secondary scholarly sources
Explanation & Answer
Attached.
Running head: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
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A and P Pathophysiology Paper
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
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A and P Pathophysiology Paper
The disorder selected to complete this discussion is Lyme disease, an emerging, most
frequently reported vector-borne infectious disease in the US (Afari, Marmoush, Rehman, Gorsi,
& Yammine, 2016). The causative agent is the spirochete Borrelia spp spread by blacklegged
ticks that pick the bacteria when feeding on infected animals. The annual approximated number
cases reported to the “Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)” by the District of
Colombia and state health department in the US is 30,000 (Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, 2019). The number of new cases of the disease in the US has approximately doubled
since 1991, from 3.74 to 7.95 per 100,000, in 2014 (Environmental Protection Agency, 2016).
The disease is restricted to particular geographical areas of the US, majority of the cases
occurring in the north-central, mid-Atlantic, and northeastern states regions.
One of the essential elements that influence the incidence, distribution, and transmission
of the disease is climate. This has donated to the expanded breadth of ticks, increasing the
possible risk of the diseases in regions where the ticks were previously not able to survive.
Temperatures strongly influence the life cycle and rate of occurrence of deer ticks, with vectors
being more active in temperatures above 45 ˚F and thriving in areas with humidity of at least 85percent. Therefore, the range of suitable tick habitant is projected to increases with warming
temperatures linked to climate change. The incubation period of the disease is three to thirty days
after a bite from infected tick and the disease manifests with lymphadenopathy, joint and muscle
aches, fatigue, headache, chills, and fever, which may happen in the absence of rash. An
erythema migrans (EM) rash begins at the area of the bite after a delay of three to thirty days in
about seventy to percent of infected people. The EM rash increases gradually over several days
reaching up to thirty centimeters or twelve inches across. The rash is rarely painful or itchy, but
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
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may feel warm to the touch. Delayed signs of the disease occur days to months of infection and
include shooting tingling, numbness, or pains in the extremities, nerve pain, inflammation of
spinal code or brain, episodes of dyspnea or dizziness, irregular heart beat or heart pal...