Harvard University Fluid & Electrolytes Worksheet

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Fluid & Electrolytes Handout Please answer all questions in your own words. No citations are needed for this assignment as the answers are located in your textbook. Please ensure your answers are brief so they will fit inside each box. 1. Please complete the table below Term Albumin Anasarca Colloids Extra cellular fluid (ECF) Intracellular fluid (ICF) Hydrostatic pressure Hypertonic Hypotonic Isotonic Interstitial fluid Osmolarity Osmolality Aldosterone Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) Definition 2. Which fluid makes up 2/3 of the body’s fluid? 3. What is the purpose of fluid constantly move among ICF, ECF and interstitial spaces? 4. Which fluid is more likely going to be affected by major fluid shifts such as vomiting? 5. Define the following terms Osmosis Diffusion Filtration Starling’s law of the capillaries 6. Which gland secretes aldosterone? 7. When is the release of aldosterone triggered? 8. Which organ synthesizes ADH and which organ secretes it? 9. What triggers the release of ADH? 10. Is ADH involved in the renin angiotensin system? 11. Which gland produces and secretes cortisol? 12. What is the role of cortisol in the body? 13. How is cortisol involved in fluid balance? 14. What type of hormone is ANP? 15. Does ANP cause an increase or decrease in blood volume and B/P and how? 16. How can the nurse promote the release of ANP? 17. How is the ANP hormone involved in fluid balance? 18. How does the thirst mechanism control fluid balance? 19. Which organ controls thirst and how? 20. What is the BNP hormone and how is it involved in fluid balance? 21. Why is capillary fluid movement important in fluid balance? 22. Fluid Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic Example Uses Nursing Implications 23. Condition Assessment Early Signs Assessment Late Signs Dehydration Fluid volume deficit Fluid volume excess 24. Term Hyponatremia Hypernatremia Hypokalemia Hyperkalemia Hypocalcemia Hypercalcemia Hypomagnesemia Hypermagnesemia Hypophosphatemia Signs and Symptoms Treatment Type of fluid replacement Hyperphosphatemia Age Risk Factors of fluid imbalance Nursing implications Infants 0 – 12 months School age children Adolescents Adults Older adults 25. Of the five age considerations in the above table, which two are most at risk for fluid imbalance and what would be your nursing considerations for these patients? 26. Which patients would be candidates for fluid restriction therapy and what other diet restrictions would be implemented to control fluid intake? 27. Which patients would be candidates for therapy to promote excretion? What type of therapy would be used and what medications can be administered to promote urinary excretion? 28. How is protein intake involved in fluid balance? 29. How would you monitor a patient on fluid balance therapy (whether fluid restriction or to promote excretion)? Give five assessment parameters e.g. assessing for dyspnea etc. 30. What is the difference between respiratory acidosis and respiratory alkalosis? 31. What is the difference between metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis? 32. Disorder Clinical Manifestations Nursing Interventions Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Interpret the following ABG results: 33. pH= 7.40 PCO2 = 39mmHG HCO3- = 25mEq/L 34. pH= 7.30 PCO2= 70mmHG HCO3- = 30mEq/L Additional Questions: Mrs. Hilda Beck, age 72, fell at home because she became light-headed after vomiting and diarrhea that lasted over 24 hours. Even though she was nauseated, she drank some water because she knew she needed fluid. She was admitted for oral and intravenous (IV) fluid therapy. 1. What was problematic about Mrs. Beck’s oral fluid replacement at home when she had vomiting and diarrhea? 2. Mrs. Beck’s intravenous (IV) fluid order is 1000 mL 0.9% sodium chloride to run over 5 hours. Calculate the mL/hr that you should program into her infusion pump. 3. Mrs. Beck says, “When I get diarrhea, I should drink sodium-containing fluid when I’m thirsty.” She needs what additional teaching? 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Fluid & Electrolytes Handout
Please answer all the questions in your own words. No citations are needed for this assignment as the answers are
located in your textbook. Please ensure your answers are brief so they will fit inside each box.

1. Please complete the table below
Term

Definition

Albumin

Albumin refers to one of the proteins, which helps to regulate fluid balance in
the body.

Anasarca

Anasarca refers to inflammation of the body.

Colloids

Colloids refer to certain types of fluids that are administered intravenously to
balance the body fluids.

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

Extracellular fluids refer to the body fluids where the cells bathe.

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

Intracellular fluid refers to body fluids in the cells.

Hydrostatic pressure

Hydrostatic pressure refers to the pressure of body fluids at rest.

Hypertonic

Hypertonic solution refers to a solution with low water concentration than the
body cells.

Hypotonic

Hypotonic solution refers to a solution with high water concentration than the
body cells.

Isotonic

Isotonic solution refers to a solution whose water concentration is the same as
that of the body cells. For Instance a normal saline solution.

Interstitial fluid

This refers to a thin layer of fluid that surrounds the body cells.

Osmolarity

Osmolarity refers to the concentration of body fluids denoted as the number of
solute particles in a liter of distilled water.

Osmolality

Osmolality is the measure of the body’s water to electrolyte balance.

Aldosterone

Aldosterone refers to an endogenic hormone secreted by

Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

Antidiuretic hormone refers to the hormone produced by the adrenal gland for
sodium conversion in the kidney nephrons.

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

An atrial natriuretic peptide is a natriuretic peptide hormone secreted from
cardiac atria that in humans is encoded by the NPPA gene.

2. Which fluid makes up 2/3 of the body’s fluid? Intracellular fluid (ICF)
3. What is the purpose of fluid constantly move among ICF, ECF and interstitial spaces? The fluid constant
movement maintains the osmolality of the body compartment at equilibrium while allowing for different
electrolyte concentrations.

4. Which fluid is more likely going to be affected by major fluid shifts such as vomiting? Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
...


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