WU Social Science Research Questions Discussion

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Walden University

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Creating the research questions is key to designing a study:  Research questions “must have both substance--for example, What is my study about?—and form—for example, Am I asking a ‘who, ‘what,’ ‘where,’ ‘why,’ or ‘how’ question? . . .  The form of the question can provide an important clue regarding the appropriate research method to be used” (Yin, 2014, p. 11). In this Discussion, you will create research questions and evaluate the extent to which they align with other components of your Prospectus, and, ultimately, Proposal.

To prepare for your Discussion, review the Dissertation resources in this week’s Learning Resources.

Pay particular attention to specific examples of problem statements. Also, go to the Walden Library webpage "Dissertations," find at least two Walden Dissertations from SPPA completed in the past year, and read the problem statements, purpose, and research questions for each.

Dissertation topic, problem statement, purpose, and at least two research questions. Explain what you learned from your required readings and Walden Dissertations, on problem and purpose statements and formulating research questions that flow logically from these. Summarize the ways all of these sections are aligned and why that is required for quality and rigorous dissertation research.

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Running head: GENDER GAPS IN LEADERSHIP 1 GENDER GAPS IN LEADERSHIP 2 Problem statement There is a need to fill the gender gap in the leadership of the institutions of higher learning. While the composition of leadership in these institutions plays a critical role in the type of decisions that are made, it also influences the level of inspiration that is created at the societal level (Madden, 2011). Unfortunately, the number of women in leadership positions in the institutions of higher learning remains low. Recent statistics show that the number of women who serve as college presidents and CEOs of large corporations has declined considerably, which has raised questions on the progress that is being made in eliminating social problems such as gender inequality, discrimination, and the glass ceiling (Cook, 2012). While significant progress has been made to raise the number of women in the institutions of higher learning, their proportion in relation to men in the workforce and leadership remains low. The gender gap in leadership remains a chronic problem facing women in society. Throughout history, women’s role in leadership and other important positions has remained considerably low. In what Powell (2019) terms as “sex, gender, and leadership wars,” the author argues that being a female considerably suppresses an individual’s chances of promotion to leadership positions in different industries. While the number of women who acquire a bachelor’s, master’s, and doctorate program exceeds that of men, their presence in the list of college and corporate presidents is inconsistent (Diehl, 2015; Gallant, 2014; Madden, 2011). The specific problem is to fill the gap and identify barriers that block women from tenure & administrative roles in higher learning institutions. This information should help institutions board of trustees and stakeholder examine the gender gap observed in the leadership of higher learning and to support the strengths that enable women faculty and staff members to hurdle the obstacles. Approach This study follows a qualitative approach. In this case, the study will combine data from interviews and current statistics from literature to explore the role of gender in women working in higher learning institutions’ who are full professors and higher education administration. GENDER GAPS IN LEADERSHIP References Cook, S. G. ( 2012). Women presidents: now 26.4% but still underrepresented. Women in Higher Education, 21(5), 1-3. Diehl, A. (2014). Making meaning of barriers and adversity: Experiences of women leaders in higher education. Advancing Women in Leadership, 34, 54-63. Gallant, A. ( 2014). Symbolic Interactions and the Development of Women Leaders in Higher Education. Gender, Work & Organization, 21(3), 203-216. Madden, M. (2011). Gender stereotypes of leaders: Do they influence leadership in higher education? Journal of Transnational Women & Gender Studies, 9, 56-88. Powell, G. N. (2019). Women and men in management. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications, Inc. 3 Running head: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 1 Theoretical framework can be described as a blueprint for dissertation inquiry that serves as an understanding of theories and concepts relevant to specific research being conducted (Desjardins, 2010). To enhance the understanding of research two frameworks are better suited for this: Baumgartner and Jones punctuated equilibrium framework and advocacy coalition framework. Both of the frameworks explore the policymaking process which is essential for my research. Baumgartner and Jones punctuated equilibrium framework aims at measuring and explaining the long periods of policymaking and policy continuity (Weible &Sabatier,2018). The framework aims at the explanation of simple observation on the policymaking process (Heikkila&Cairney,2018). To better enhance understanding of the research topic regarding the reason behind the gender gap in leadership in institutions I will use the advocacy coalition framework. The advocacy coalition framework was introduced in the 1980s by Paul Sabatier and Hank Jenkins Smith. With an aim to refine the theoretical and methodological tools available for policy process study. The advocacy coalition framework has evolved over the past decades to become a true research program that has been adopted globally (Weible &Sabatier, 2018). According to the text, the advocacy coalition framework embodies three principal theoretical domains: policy change, advocacy coalitions, and policy subsystems (Weible &Sabatier, 2018). These principles make the framework suitable for the study of my research topic. Since the framework assesses state, civil society and private sector as influencers of public policy, it offers insight on the underlying issues that result in gender gap differences in leadership among the various institutions. The framework also aligns with actors of policy formation and hence by examining the various actors and how they affect policy and, there will be a better understanding of policies are formulated (Sabatier &Weible, 2018). This framework approach explores extensively the policy formulation process. In doing so the framework exposes the effectiveness of coalition with regard to the provision of policy ideas(Cisneros, Running head: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 2019). That has a positive on the formulation and implementation of the policy. This aspect of the framework sheds light on the underlying factors that have resulted in the slow growth rate on the number of women in high positions in various institutions. By understanding the process better approaches can be adopted during the formulation and implementation of policies to help address these problems and ensure equality in high positions for women. References Cisneros, P. (2019). The Advocacy Coalition Framework. Routledge. Retrieved from https://oxfordre.com/politics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.001.0001/acrefore9780190228637-e-212 Desjardins, F. J. (2010, July 19). Theoretical framework [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EcnufgQzMjc Heikkila, T., & Cairney, P. (2018). Comparison of theories of the policy process. In Theories of the policy process (pp. 301-327). Routledge. Weible, C. M., Sabatier, P. A. (Eds.). (2018). Theories of the policy process (4th ed.). Boulder, CO: Westview Press. 2
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Running Head: RESEARCH QUESTIONS

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Research Questions
Student’s Name
Course

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

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Research Questions
Problem Statement
The topic of the dissertation is Gender Gaps in Leadership. Notably, the number of women in
leadership positions in the institutions of higher learning is lower compared to that of the men.
Besides, the number of women in leadership positions across America continues to dwindle.
Statistics say that women face a myriad of problems in their careers that prevent them from
ascending to seni...


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