SCIN 130 AMU Wk 4 Virtual Stickleback Evolution Lab Report

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Znaql1910

Science

SCIN 130

American Military University

SCIN

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Complete all the activities in the attached lab instruction packet: SCIN 130 Lab 4: Stickleback Evolution, Part 2. Work through the instruction packet step by step. Record your results in the worksheet as you progress through this instruction packet.

For any sections that request that you “take notes”, the notes should be in your own words summarizing information learned. You should not copy and paste information from the Internet including media and resources accessed in this lab. Directly copying and pasting information is considered plagiarism in this course.

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SCIN130 Lab 4: Stickleback Evolution, Part 2 SCIN 130 Lab 4: Stickleback Evolution, Part 2 General Instructions Be sure to read the general instructions from the Lessons portion of the class prior to completing this packet. Remember, you are to upload this packet with your quiz for the week! Background In this experiment, you will analyze the pelvic structures of stickleback fish collected from two lakes around Cook Inlet, Alaska, to determine whether there are significant differences between the two populations. You will then use your data and information about the lakes to draw conclusions about the possible environmental factors affecting the evolution of pelvis morphology. V1 04.2018 Felicetti Page 1 of 9 SCIN130 Lab 4: Stickleback Evolution, Part 2 Specific Lab Instructions Name: Date: Return to: The Virtual Stickleback Evolution Lab You are going to perform Experiment 2 for the Stickleback lab this week. Begin with Tutorial 2. When you are comfortable scoring a pelvis in fossil fish, you may move on (Note: it is a little more difficult in fossils than live fish, so you may want to spend a little time here). 1. What score would you assign to a fossil specimen that has only one pelvic spine visible? 2. A stickleback fossil may show no signs of pelvic structures. What are possible sources of error associated with scoring the pelvis of such a fossil as “absent”? V1 04.2018 Felicetti Page 2 of 9 SCIN130 Lab 4: Stickleback Evolution, Part 2 When you feel you have mastered scoring fossils, you may move on to Experiment 2. 1. In your own words describe the overall objective of Experiment 2 and explain what the data you collect will allow you to estimate. 2. What is one type of information that researchers can gain from studying fossils that they cannot obtain from living populations? V1 04.2018 Felicetti Page 3 of 9 SCIN130 Lab 4: Stickleback Evolution, Part 2 V1 04.2018 Felicetti Page 4 of 9 SCIN130 Lab 4: Stickleback Evolution, Part 2 Begin the experiment in the window on the left. Complete Part 1: Preparing Fossils (click on the bench to get started). 3. You will collect data on pelvic structures using fossils from rock layers 2 and 5. Approximately how many years of deposition separate these two layers? 4. Which layer is older, 2 or 5? Explain your answer. V1 04.2018 Felicetti Page 5 of 9 SCIN130 Lab 4: Stickleback Evolution, Part 2 Complete Part 2 of the lab in the window on the left. Score Your Fossils 5. Based on the pelvic phenotypes you measured, do the fossils in layer 2 differ from those in layer 5? Explain how. 6. After your collect data for the pelvic phenotype in layers 2 and 5, add your totals, and submit. As in lab 3, you may use the graph feature in the program as it works fine, or you can create your own Excel graph. Insert a screenshot here. V1 04.2018 Felicetti Page 6 of 9 SCIN130 Lab 4: Stickleback Evolution, Part 2 7. How do your data compare to those collected by Dr. Bell and colleagues? 8. Take the quiz. What can be inferred about the presence or absence of predatory fish when the Truckee Formation was a lake? Describe the evidence. 9. After completing the quiz, click on Experiment 2 Analysis. V1 04.2018 Felicetti Page 7 of 9 SCIN130 Lab 4: Stickleback Evolution, Part 2 10. Complete the tables below as you perform the rate calculations. (The link to the instructions is very helpful.) Sample Layer Number of Fish with a Complete Pelvis Total Number of Fish Sampled Relative Frequency of Complete Pelvis Trait in Population Sampled 1 2 3 4 5 6 Time Decrease in Percentage of Complete Pelvis Trait per Thousand Years (Rate of Change) First 3,000 years (Layer 1 to Layer 2) Next 3,000 years (Layer 2 to Layer 3) Next 3,000 years (Layer 3 to Layer 4) Next 3,000 years (Layer 4 to Layer 5) Next 3,000 years (Layer 5 to Layer 6) Total 15,000 years (Layer 1 to Layer 6) V1 04.2018 Felicetti Page 8 of 9 SCIN130 Lab 4: Stickleback Evolution, Part 2 1. What does it mean when the rate of change is a negative number? 2. Complete the Analysis Quiz. 3. Describe the trend in the data over time. 4. Why is it important to calculate the rate of change over time? V1 04.2018 Felicetti Page 9 of 9 SCIN130 Lab 4: Stickleback Evolution, Part 2 5. In what way is the change in the complete pelvis phenotype in the fossils from the Nevada lakebed similar to what might have occurred in Bear Paw Lake from Experiment 1? Adapted from: Brokaw, A. (2013). Stickleback Evolution Virtual Lab. HHMI Biointeractive Teaching Materials. V1 04.2018 Felicetti Page 10 of 9
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SCIN130 Lab 4: Stickleback Evolution, Part 2

SCIN 130 Lab 4: Stickleback
Evolution, Part 2
General Instructions
Be sure to read the general instructions from the Lessons portion of
the class prior to completing this packet.
Remember, you are to upload this packet with your quiz for the
week!

Background
In this experiment, you will analyze the pelvic structures of stickleback fish
collected from two lakes around Cook Inlet, Alaska, to determine whether
there are significant differences between the two populations. You will
then use your data and information about the lakes to draw conclusions
about the possible environmental factors affecting the evolution of pelvis
morphology.

V1 04.2018

Felicetti
Page 1 of 9

SCIN130 Lab 4: Stickleback Evolution, Part 2

Specific Lab Instructions
Name:
Date:
Return to: The Virtual Stickleback Evolution Lab
You are going to perform Experiment 2 for the Stickleback lab this week.
Begin with Tutorial 2. When you are comfortable scoring a pelvis in fossil
fish, you may move on (Note: it is a little more difficult in fossils than live
fish, so you may want to spend a little time here).

1. What score would you assign to a fossil specimen that has only one
pelvic spine visible? Complete
2. A stickleback fossil may show no signs of pelvic structures. What
are possible sources of error associated with scoring the pelvis of
such a fossil as “absent”?

V1 04.2018

Felicetti
Page 2 of 9

SCIN130 Lab 4: Stickleback Evolution, Part 2

The possible source of error in scoring a fossil with no signs of
fossil structures as absent include loss of pelvic parts due to
natural causes, damage by decay, rock decay, as well as physical
processes. However, to control for these errors, the other skeleton
of the stickleback fish is checked to see whether it is missing some
parts. If the other skeleton is intact, then the score can be absent.

When you feel you have mastered scoring fossils, you may move on to
Experiment 2.

1. In your own words describe the overall objective of Experiment 2
and explain what the data you collect will allow you to estimate.
To establish the rate of evolution of pelvic reduction by examining
pelvic structures of stickleback fish populations that lived
thousands of years ago.

2. What is one type of information that researchers can gain from
studying fossils that they cannot obtain from living populations?
By studying the fossils, researchers can calculate the rate at which
evolution of a certain trait occurred, which is not possible with
studying living populations.

Begin the experiment in the window on the left. Complete Part 1:

V1 04.2018

Felicetti
Page 3 of 9

SCIN130 Lab 4: Stickleback Evolution, Part 2

Preparing Fossils (click on the bench to get started).

3. You will collect data on pelvic structures using fossils from rock
layers 2 and 5. Approximately how many years of deposition
separate these two layers?
Nine thousand years of depos...


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