Smith_John_M10T1 After enjoying the videos posted on the Module 10 – Task 1 link in Blackboard, respond to the following questions/statements. Be sure to think critically and in-depth when responding. Remember to DOUBLE SPACE responses. Enjoy! 1. Summarize - in at least 1 paragraph - the information in the two videos that discuss Norman Borlaug. 2. Discuss TWO ethical theories separately (from the power point of theories in Module 2 available under the Module 10 button) that Norman Borlaug was working under during his work with plants and in biotechnology 3. Using the information in the videos and any other sources (reputable sources) of information, explain in your own words why Norman Borlaug has been called 'the greatest man to ever live' and 'the genius behind the green revolution'. THEN, state whether or not you agree that this is an appropriate statement to describe Norman Borlaug and discuss why you agree or disagree. Responses should be at least ONE SOLID paragraph for each item listed. Be sure to name your file according to the assignment instructions! AG 401 Ethical Issues in Food, Agriculture, and Apparel Industries Introduction Page 1 On What Basis Do We Make Moral Decisions? • “Do what the Bible tells you”--Divine Command Theories • “Follow your conscience”--The Ethics of Conscience • “Watch out for #1”--Ethical Egoism • “Do the right thing”--The Ethics of Duty • “Don't dis' me”--The Ethics of Respect • “All Men are created ...with certain unalienable Rights” --The Ethics of Rights • “Make the world a better place”--Utilitarianism • “Daddy, that’s not fair”--The Ethics of Justice • “Be a good person”--Virtue Ethics (c) Lawrence M. Hinman 2002 Page 2 "Do what the Bible tells you” Divine Command Theories • Being good is equivalent to doing whatever the Bible - or the Qur’an or some other sacred text or source of revelation - tells you to do. • “What is right” equals “What God tells me to do.” Page 3 “Follow your conscience” The Ethics of Our Inner Voice • Conscience tells us what is right or wrong • Often has a religious source • May be founded in a notion of human nature • Is often negative in character, telling us what is not right Page 4 "Watch out for #1” Ethical Egoism • Says the only person to look out for is yourself • All actions ought to be motivated by selfinterest • Does not require the moral agent to harm the interests and well-being of other when making moral deliberations • “Ethical egoism endorses selfishness, but it does not endorse foolishness.” – James Rachels Page 5 "Do the right thing" The Ethics of Duty • Begins with the conviction that ethics is about doing what is right, about doing your duty. • Duty may be determined by: – Reason • Do what any rational agent should do – Professional role • A physician’s duty to care for the sick – Social role • A parent’s duty to care for his or her children Page 6 "Don't dis' me" The Ethics of Respect • Human interactions should be governed by rules of respect • What counts as respect can vary from one culture to another • What is it that merits respect? R.I.P. Aretha Franklin Page 7 “...all Men are created ...with certain unalienable Rights” The Ethics of Rights • The most influential moral notion of the past two centuries – Assumption of the existence of moral rights including liberty rights and welfare rights • Established minimal conditions of human decency “That all men are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights.” - US Declaration of Independence Page 8 “Make the world a better place” Utilitarianism • Seeks to reduce suffering and increase pleasure or happiness • Demands a high degree of self-sacrifice — we must consider the consequences for everyone. John Stuart Mill 1806-1873 • Utilitarians claim the purpose of morality is to make the world a better place. Page 9 “Daddy, that’s not fair” The Ethics of Justice • Begins early in the family with fairness to all family members • What is fair for one should be fair for all. • Treating people equally may not mean treating them the same. Page 10 "Be a good person” Virtue Ethics • Developed by Plato and Aristotle • Seeks to develop individual character Plato, 424 – 347 BC – Character traits are essential to human flourishing • Assumes good persons will make good decisions – Justice exists in individuals when intellect, emotion and desire act in harmony – Individuals act justly because it is just • Virtues of justice provides a way of integrating all the theories Aristotle, 384 – 322 BC Page 11
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