Description
Hello Support,
Am looking for an assignment answer for "Individual written report: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the changing nature of the global business environment"
Assignment 2 -TCGC is the question and other attached files are referral note for this assignment.
Please the attached file and provide best solution.
Thanks
Arya.
Unformatted Attachment Preview
Purchase answer to see full attachment
Explanation & Answer
Attached.
Running Head: BUSINESS
1
Risk Experienced in the Global Pharmaceutical Industry
Name
Course
Institution
BUSINESS
2
Risk Strategies in Global Pharmaceuticals Industry
In today's corporate world, companies experience uncertainties as they run economic
activities; this happens for both profit-centered organizations and non-profit centered
organizations. The above is in the course of any doubt that depend on crucial strategies instilled
by a company. Risk is a terminology that was first implemented in 1966, and it defined the term
uncertainty as generated from the outcome of any event in the existence of two or more
possibilities (Boris, 2020). Any firm at risk must suffer economic performance, and imposing
constraints in its resource allocation even though the business decision is not limited to the
condition of uncertainty. Therefore, the cost of change arises out from expected loss, which does
occur and other change occurring even if no damages occur. Business stakeholders respond to
risk by engaging in safe actions rather than risky ones. Global Pharmaceutical Industry considers
prudent behaviors, not distorting the optimal allocation of productive resources. The primary
reason for avoiding risk is putting in action economical cost (Demirbag, 2007). In any existence
of financial uncertainty causes financial loss as counteracted by the assumption of risk as a
source of gain to society.
Risk has a positive relationship with the return, thus terming the risk as a common
denominator of all decisions made by human beings recognizing the existence of risk; hence
compensation is adequate for the chance. In cases where GPI takes an initiative of globalization,
uncertainty on future income is compromised. Bearing the risk done, the economic agent guides
risk evaluation measures; therefore, investors must be compensated for bearing the risk of
investments that result from trade-offs. In regards to all the actions taken, in one way or the
other, the action is beneficial to the company. Appropriate strategies used to achieve
globalization lead to the maximum level of satisfaction as the set goal of the firm (Rashid,
2017).
BUSINESS
3
As a general rule, entities prefer superior returns to lower returns, similarly preferring
lower risks to higher ones. Accountants recognize the actuality of net quality for risk-taking,
quantifying the meaning of risk in any business decision. As a result, new perspectives and
empirical work regarding the link between risks and expected return. Key terms used in the
research work includes accidents that are termed as undesired issues arising from peril as a result
of the loss of resources. Peril is defined as a situation causing property loss; many times, the
natural, human-made, or economic activity in society. Hazards, on the other hand, speculate
about the occurrence of a failure within a specific peril. Exposure is defined as assets subjected
to particular danger. Lastly is loss exposure that is articulated to be the potential financial loss
involved as a result of exposure (Reddy, 2014).
Factors Leading to globalization
Every firm's objective is to achieve sustainable and sufficient growth. However, firms
spread their business even though resources limit them due to inadequate access to financial
markets, the absence of internally generated funds, and the size of the company. Therefore, to
achieve business goals by maximizing profits, firms will use organic or inorganic strategies to
improve the growth of the company. Most firms prefer inorganic strategies through sales
expansion by use of mergers, acquisitions, divestitures, globalization, spin-offs, and take-overs,
among many others, as the fastest way for corporate firms to expand their business (Reddy,
2014).
Considering globalization is caused by many factors making manufacturers virtually
become aware of positive participation in global markets. An increase in foreign market
competition has grown very vast as experienced in the United States. The overseas exchange has,
therefore, created a global market for the pharmaceutical industry creating needs for international
awareness, opening an array of options (Pröllochs, 2020). Immediately the industry participates
BUSINESS
4
in the international podium that was not available in the past. As seen in the United States,
import penetration of pharmaceuticals increased considerably by 7 percent of domestic
consumption (Teramae, 2020). Due to the rapid increase in foreign-based production, there has
been an expansion in foreign competition in the drug sectors. For a firm to upgrade the
pervasiveness in foreign competition, the products they produce should be matching the
standards in the international markets in serious competition. To maximize the value of
customers, the pharmacy sector will have to incur cost, quality, performance, and delivery to
maximize value-added on the product (Rashid, 2017).
Secondly, the rapid increase in foreign demand in the pharmaceutical industry has created
an attractive market abroad. Pharmaceutical products are one of the essential needs required in
the medical field. Hospitals and health officers require knowledge of products sold by the
industry. Without internalization in the pharmaceutical sectors lead to failure of meeting health
practitioner standards as documented in the World Health Organization. The sophistication of
health products and the increase in demand has seen countries not satisfied with products
produced within the state. The global presence has helped in guiding complacency, giving
definite room for retaliation of competitors in home markets, hence incapacitating companies on
retaliating. International markets have serious setbacks. For example, in the United States, ready
to eat cereals produced by Kellogg Company is a significant reason why Nestle a worldwide
company has limited space in the States (Pega, 2020).
Technological advancement has increased globally, escalating the rise of opportunities
for producing goods and services within the shortest time possible as a result of the shorter
product life cycles. For example, the US may be termed as the top-class health facility in the
world, but not all drugs are manufactured within its borders. Due to technological know-how
diffused across the globe, the pharmaceutical industry is forced to expand curbing the needs
BUSINESS
across the territories. The global markets have, therefore, shifted positively in the world markets
with pharmaceutical products listed in the world trade platform as shares participating in
international markets. Due to intellectual property ability, firms are in a position to produce
excellent products due to the possession of resources, production capabilities, and expertise
required to meet different market segments with rapid product turnover (Demirbag, 2007).
Consolidation through Mergers and Acquisitions
The pharmaceutical industry has been undergoing profound restructuring since its
origination in early 1966. The action of restructuring was driven by substantial changes in the
regulatory, economic forces, and financial capacities surrounding the industry. The forces drive
reasons behind Mergers and Acquisitions include licensing, insurance, royalties, patent, and
generic competition, and cost of research, clinical trial issues, marketing distribution, shareholder return, and international regulation. Due to the economic factors, the pharmaceutical
industry sees more mergers and acquisitions than any other industry, both in recent cases of
purchase and the amount of money spent in the process of acquisition (Pröllochs, 2020).
Pharmaceutical industries have large, game-changing deals that change the competitive
landscape. The smaller and significant transaction is integral, enhancing the entire operation in
the medicinal industry.
Pharma companies are redefining themselves because large companies are preferred to
make mergers and acquisitions as a standard business model supporting our hypothesis. To start
with, the key factors triggering changes in the industry is the ever-increasing cost of drug
production and development (Pröllochs, 2020). The company is not in a position of carrying out
research and development, finding innovative compounds. The financial statements from the
firms give a clear indication of the average cost during the event of a new drug with ranges
between $1.4 billion- $1.6 billion and again taking a decade or approval on the same drug
5
BUSINESS
6
(Demirbag, 2007). The reason behind the high cost is the creation of an added value by solving
the said problem. Therefore, for a company to take the risk of merging and acquisition, it will be
forced to cut the cost of production in the research industry. The pharmaceutical industry is
profit-oriented, where firms aim at creating profits. Considering its profit-making ambitions, the
firm will cut costs on the ever-increasing cost of production by sharing the cost of production
(Pröllochs, 2020).
The ever- increasing regulatory requirement by the standard world body has intensified
on customer intimacy and lockdown strategy to ensure they regulate the drug industry to protect
the interest of the stakeholders. For a company to have a meaningful portfolio on the drug
development programs, it has to stipulate long term expenditure goals. The pharmaceutical
industry relies on high margin expenditure, thus making companies with high margin dominate
since they have substantial drug development programs. Regarding strategic repositioning due to
the critical size requirement in each market, the segment is increasing faster than the firms could
grow. Secondly is the fundamental nature of the required changes with large mergers allowing
the bundling of subcritical business, thus building new platforms. Thirdly it has been realized
over the past decades that no pharmaceutical has a patent cliff resulting from changes as
compared to other industries. Examples of Biotech Company thriving from established
originators include Amgen, Biogen, and Gilead (Rangone, 2020).
For example, a Swiss-based pharmaceutical firm focusing on the mid-market
transactions with Christoph Bieri as managing partner with Kurmann Partners. Since its
inception, Christoph has led to numerous sales targeting bases in Europe and North America.
BUSINESS
7
Due to economies of scale experienced by companies, the organization requires efficient
capital allocation across the industry. The considerable capital allocation fosters innovation
during the early stage of biomedical research requires vast capital for a successful venture. In this
regard, companies will have to consider a merger and share the cost of invention. Outsourcing
manufacturing equipment's to increase return on equity by reducing the asset base of the
originator to consolidate through mergers and acquisitions to increase low margin and intense
capital manufacturing, giving a more volatile and profitable development in the marketing of
drugs (Rangone, 2020).
M&A has become one of the fundamental tools for strategy implementation in the
corporate world, more so the Pharmaceutical sector. All the upcoming industry will consolidate
together to form game-changing moves, building companies mastering future changes.
Therefore, Mergers and Acquisitions are standard measures for pharma companies getting access
to innovation as well as streamlining business portfolios (Miessner, 2020).
BUSINESS
8
CASE STUDY
'The Global pharmaceutical industry back to the Future' by Sarah Holland articulates on
the chronological evolution in med...