Description
- Topic you want, should be related with the Health Care field but not necessary a disease, definition and a brief explanation of the topic; then make a
- Hypothesis something that you want to prove or disprove related to the topic, research all information about and find numbers of cases that relate to, make graphics with your findings
- Report the statistics or number of cases related to your hypothesis (the CDC Center for Disease Control or WHO World Health Organization) can be the source,
- Make graphics with your findings ( number of cases)
- Make a conclusion that may or not validate your hypothesis; you must follow the rules of the scientific method; and list the
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- Use word processing and write a paper (using APA formatting)
Explanation & Answer
Attached.
Ventricular Septal Defect: Are environmental and genetic risk factors?
Introduction
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) is a cardio-vascular flaw common to newly born children
(CDC, n.d.; Mayo Clinic, 2018). This is an inborn malady having a hole in the wall separating
the heart’s two ventricles which are known as ventricular septum. This happens when the
ventricular septum is not fully developed leaving a hole in the heart. It is a congenital defect
where the blood coming from the left lower chamber of the heart goes through the VSD into the
right ventricle to the lungs (CDC, n.d.; Mayo Clinic, 2018). The extra blood pumped to the lungs
is causing more work both for the heart and the lungs. When this defect is not medically
addressed or repaired this can lead to other health issues like heart failure, pulmonary
hypertension, arrhythmia, and stroke. This research aims to discuss the types, causes, and
symptoms of VSD from prenatal to the postnatal period. In addition to this, its purpose is to
determine if environmental factors and genetics play a vital role in the development of VSD in
babies.
Definition of Terms
VSD- Ventricular Septal Defect
Congenital- inborn
Ventricles- Heart’s lower chamber
Ventricular septum- a wall of the lower chamber of the heart
Arrhythmia- irregular rhythm of the heart
Pulmonary hypertension- HBP in lungs
When does Ventricular Septal Defect Occurs?
During the prenatal period, VSD is already diagnosed in a baby. Normal babies without
VCD the normal functioning is from the heart the right side pumps the oxygen-poor blood into
the lungs and the heart's left side pumps the oxygen-rich blood all over the body system (CDC,
n.d.). Babies with VSD, the hole in the ventricles’ wall enables the blood coming from the
ventricles to pass through the heart’s right side. Blood that is rich in oxygen is pumped into the
lungs rather than to the entire body, causing more stress to the heart due to extra work in
providing oxygen to body tissues (CDC, n.d.; Mayo Clinic, 2018). Usually, small VSD causes no
problem because it voluntarily closed, whereas, the medium once requires surgical repair to
prevent other cardiovascular complications.
Kinds of Ventricular Septal Defects
This congenital defect has different types based on the location and the number of holes in the
septum. One of these is Conoventricular VSD where is the hole is found on the part of the
ventricular septum located below the aortic and the pulmonary valves (CDC, n.d.). The
Perimembranous VSD the hole is found on the ventricular septum’s upper section (CDC, n.d.).
The third type is the Inlet VSD which is also known as atrioventricular defect where a hole on
the septum is near the portion where the blood flows into the ventricles passing through the
mitral and the tricuspid valves (CDC, n.d.). The fourth type is the Muscular VSD which is the
common type of congenital defect where the hole is in the ventricular septum (CDC, n.d.).
Diagnosis/Symptoms
Ventricular Septal Defect is usually diagnosed during the postnatal period. The symptoms
are detected when the physician detects the heart murmur through a stethoscope or ultrasound
known as echocardiogram at or after birth (CDC, n.d.; Mayo Clinic, 2018). The severity of this
case depends on the size of the hole where if it is small this might just close to itself while if it is
a larger hole the baby might show symptoms such as eavy br...